2025年中考英語時(shí)文閱讀訓(xùn)練——教師版——專題1文章導(dǎo)讀【閱讀理解】：議論文，說明文A篇：中國科學(xué)家成功捕捉到了被譽(yù)“幽靈粒子”的中微子，推動(dòng)物理學(xué)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，使人類探索宇宙又向前邁進(jìn)了一步。B篇：李子柒回歸：沉寂三年，歸來仍然是頂流。C篇：2024年11月4日，中國空間站第7批空間科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)樣品隨神舟十八號(hào)飛船順利返回。其中，返回的斑馬魚等實(shí)驗(yàn)材料成為“明星”D篇：現(xiàn)代人更愛通過視頻“閱讀”經(jīng)典，視頻幫助理解，但也引發(fā)對獨(dú)立閱讀能力的擔(dān)憂E篇：諾貝爾科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)已揭曉，表彰他們在人工智能和蛋白質(zhì)等方面的突出貢獻(xiàn)?！鹃喿x理解】：記敘文——洗滌心靈，傳播正能量的故事F篇：不要在意他人的負(fù)面標(biāo)簽，要專注于自身的成長和進(jìn)步，要善待他人，擁有真正的朋友。【完形填空】：中國經(jīng)典歷史故事——周處除三害。它講述的是周處如何從一個(gè)被鄉(xiāng)民視為禍害的人物轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橛⑿鄣墓适隆ｉ喿x理解AOnNov202024,700metersdeepunderthegreenhillsofKaipinginJiangmen,Guangdong,theconstructionofa35.4-meterwideball-shapeddetectorwascompleted.ThisisJiangmenUndergroundNeutrinoObservatory(JUNO,江門中微子實(shí)驗(yàn)室).Giantasitis,it’sdesignedtoobserveoneofthetiniestandlightestformsofmatterintheuniverse–theneutrino.Neutrinosaretinyparticles(粒子)smallerthanatoms(原子).Thebirthofneutrinosisoftenrelatedtoextremeeventsintheuniverse,suchastheBigBang.Thisisbecausehigh-energyneutrinosmainlycomeaboutbetweencrasheswithcosmicrays(宇宙射線)anddustorgas.Theyhavenoelectriccharge(電荷),sotheycanpassthroughmatterwithoutbeingstoppedorsloweddown.Thismakesthemveryhardtodetectandstudy.Everysecond,10trillionneutrinospassthroughyourbodywithoutleavinganysign,whichiswhytheyarecalled“ghostparticles”.ScientistshavethusbuiltJUNOtocatchthese“shy”particles.Thedetector’s45,000“eyes”receivelightsignals(信號(hào)),turnthemintoelectricalsignals,amplify(放大)thembyafactorof10millionandsendthemtoacomputer.Scientiststhenusethisdatatostudyneutrinos.Althoughneutrinoshaveexistedsincetheearlyuniverse,itwasn’tuntil1930thatAustrianscientistWolfgangPaulisuggestedtheirexistencetoexplainmissingenergyinradioactivedecay(放射性衰變).Hesaidthatthismissingenergywascarriedawaybyanundetectedparticle,whichhenamedtheneutrino.

Neutrinoresearchhelpsusunderstandhowtheuniversebeganandchangedovertime,aswellaswhatthenaturallawsarelike,openingthedoorformanypossibilities.Withtheselaws,wecangraduallyturnscientificdiscoveriesintotechnologies,whichcanbenefitourlives.Inafewyears,neutrinosmaychangetheworldlikeNewton’sdiscoveryofuniversalgravitation(萬有引力)did.1.WhatdoweknowaboutJUNO?A.Itisabout700squaremeters.B.Itwillsoonbeputintouse.C.Itiscube-shaped.D.Itliesdeepunderground.2.Whyareneutrinoscalled“ghostparticles”?A.Theycanonlybeseeninthedark.B.Theycanpassthroughmatterunnoticed.C.Theyareassociatedwithextremeevents.D.Theyarefromcrasheswithcosmicraysanddust.3.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Thediscoveryofneutrinos.B.Thefunctionsofneutrinos.C.Theresearchoftheearlyuniverse.D.Theimportanceofneutrinoresearch.4.Whatdoscientistssuggestaboutthefutureofneutrinoresearch?A.Itwillfaceunexpecteddifficulties.B.Itwillhelpusfindnewsourcesofenergy.C.Itcouldleadtogroundbreakingtechnologies.D.Itmayprovesomeexistingtheorieswrong.5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Thedifficultyindetectingneutrinos.

B.Theimportanceofneutrinoresearch.

C.ThehistoryofthediscoveryofneutrinosD.TheintroductionofJiangmenUndergroundNeutrinoObservatory.【答案】DBACD【解析】2024年11月20日江門建成JUNO研究中微子實(shí)驗(yàn)室，文章介紹中微子特性、發(fā)現(xiàn)及研究意義。1.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章開頭提到“OnNov202024,700metersdeepunderthegreenhillsofKaipinginJiangmen,Guangdong,theconstructionofa35.4-meterwideball-shapeddetectorwascompleted.ThisisJiangmenUndergroundNeutrinoObservatory(JUNO)”，明確指出JUNO位于地下700米深處，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。選項(xiàng)A文中未提及JUNO的面積是700平方米；選項(xiàng)B文中未提及即將投入使用；選項(xiàng)C中說它是立方體形狀，而原文提到是球型（ball-shaped）。2.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Theyhavenoelectriccharge(電荷),sotheycanpassthroughmatterwithoutbeingstoppedorsloweddown.Everysecond,10trillionneutrinospassthroughyourbodywithoutleavinganysign,whichiswhytheyarecalled‘ghostparticles’”，因?yàn)橹形⒆幽艽┻^物質(zhì)而不被察覺，所以被稱為“幽靈粒子”，選項(xiàng)B正確。3.A主旨大意題。第五段主要講述了1930年奧地利科學(xué)家WolfgangPauli提出中微子的存在來解釋放射性衰變中缺失的能量，這是在講述中微子的發(fā)現(xiàn)過程，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。4.C推理題。根據(jù)最后一段“Neutrinoresearchhelpsusunderstandhowtheuniversebeganandchangedovertime,aswellaswhatthenaturallawsarelike,openingthedoorformanypossibilities.Inafewyears,neutrinosmaychangetheworldlikeNewton’sdiscoveryofuniversalgravitation(萬有引力)did”，科學(xué)家暗示中微子研究可能會(huì)帶來開創(chuàng)性的技術(shù)，就像牛頓發(fā)現(xiàn)萬有引力改變世界一樣，選項(xiàng)C正確。5.主旨大意題。文章首先介紹了江門中微子實(shí)驗(yàn)室（JUNO），然后講述了中微子的特性、中微子的發(fā)現(xiàn)以及中微子研究的意義等內(nèi)容，整體是圍繞江門中微子實(shí)驗(yàn)室展開的，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。閱讀理解BLiZiqiisback!Afterabreakofmorethanthreeyears,oneofChina’smostpopularinfluencers(網(wǎng)紅)finallyreturnedonNov122024.

Licamebackwithtwonewvideos.Onetellshowshechangedashed(棚子)intoacloakroom(衣帽間),andtheothershowshowsheusedtheintangibleculturalheritage(非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn))ofChineselacquerwaretechniques(漆器工藝)tomakewardrobe(衣櫥)doors.

Thesevideosquicklywentviralonsocialmedia.ByNov22,herlacquerwarevideohad140millionviewsonSinaWeibo.Fansfromaroundtheworldshowedtheirexcitementforherreturn.“I’vemissedyouandyourgrandma.Sogladyoucameback,sohappy,”wroteonefanonYouTube.“Iwenttomorethan20provincesandvisitedover100intangibleculturalheritageinheritors(繼承人),”LitoldXinhuaaboutthepastthreeyears.Shetalkedwiththem,studiedtheirskillsandlearnedthestoriesbehindtheirwork.Now,shewantstosharetheirstorieswiththeworldthroughhervideos.AlthoughmanyvloggershavetriedtocopyLi’sstyleduringherabsence(缺席),nonehavereachedherlevelofpopularity.Whydopeoplestilllikehersomucheventhoughshewasawayforoverthreeyears?Onekeyreasonisthathervideoqualityisveryhigh.HervideonotonlyshowstheproductionprocessoftraditionalChinesecuisineandhandicrafts,butalsoshowsthewisdomofnatureandhistory.Shewillspendseveralmonthsmakingavideo.Herpursuitofperfectionisdifficultformanyvideobloggerstocopy.Theotherreasonisthatmanyofthemwanttoliveasimpleandslowlife.Li’svideosarehealingintoday’snoisyandfast-pacedworld.Thisdesireistimeless,justlikepeople’sloveforHenryDavidThoreau’sbookWalden(《瓦爾登湖》),whichalsotalksaboutlivingsimplyinnature.1.HowdidLiZiqireturnafterabreakofoverthreeyears?A.Bypostingtwonewvideosonline.B.Byworkingtogetherwithotherinfluencers.C.Byshowingherwardrobewithdifferentclothing.

D.Byteachingpeoplehowtomakeacloakroom.2.WhatdidLidoduringthelastthreeyears?A.Shemadevideosaboutdifferentinheritors.B.ShelearnedChinesetraditionalskills.C.Shesharedherownstorieswithmanypeople.D.Shevisitedmorethan20countries.3.WhatmakesLiZiqi’svideosstandoutfromthoseofothervloggers?A.Theeditingstyleofhervideos.B.Thespeedatwhichsheproducesvideos.C.Thequalityanddepthofhercontent.D.Herflawlesspresentationofnature.4.WhydosomanypeoplelikeLiZiqiaccordingtothetext?A.Becausesheteachesthemmanyusefulskills.B.BecauseshemakesthemthinkofWalden.C.Becausesheisbeautifulandhard-working.D.Becausetheylikeherslowandsimplelifeandperfectvideos.5.Accordingtotext,whatdoLiZiqi’svideosmeantoherviewers?A.Alongingforasimplerlife.B.AloveforChinesehandicrafts.C.Anescapefrommoderntechnology.D.AfascinationwithChinesehistory.【答案】ABCDA【解析】這篇文章主要講述了李子柒休息三年多后回歸，她帶著兩個(gè)新視頻回歸并迅速走紅，還介紹了她在過去三年中拜訪了一百多位非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)繼承人并學(xué)習(xí)傳統(tǒng)技藝，以及盡管很多博主試圖模仿她，但她的視頻質(zhì)量高、內(nèi)容有深度且能讓觀眾感受到慢生活的節(jié)奏，這些都是她仍然受歡迎的原因。1.A文章提到“Licamebackwithtwonewvideos.”（李子柒帶著兩個(gè)新視頻回歸），這表明她是通過在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布兩個(gè)新視頻回歸的，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。2.B根據(jù)“Shetalkedwiththem,studiedtheirskillsandlearnedthestoriesbehindtheirwork.”（她與非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)繼承人交談，學(xué)習(xí)他們的技能并了解他們工作背后的故事）可知，在過去三年里她學(xué)習(xí)了中國傳統(tǒng)技藝，選項(xiàng)B正確。3.C文中提到“Onekeyreasonisthathervideoqualityisveryhigh.”（一個(gè)關(guān)鍵原因是她的視頻質(zhì)量非常高）以及“HervideonotonlyshowstheproductionprocessoftraditionalChinesecuisineandhandicrafts,butalsoshowsthewisdomofnatureandhistory.”（她的視頻不僅展示了中國傳統(tǒng)美食和手工藝品的制作過程，還展示了自然和歷史的智慧），這表明她視頻內(nèi)容的質(zhì)量和深度使她的視頻從其他視頻博主中脫穎而出，選項(xiàng)C正確。4.D文章提到“Onekeyreasonisthathervideoqualityisveryhigh.”（一個(gè)關(guān)鍵原因是她的視頻質(zhì)量非常高）以及“TheotherreasonwhypeopleloveLi’svideosisthattheywanttoliveasimpleandslowlife.”（人們喜歡李子柒視頻的另一個(gè)原因是他們想要過簡單緩慢的生活），所以選項(xiàng)D正確。5.A根據(jù)“TheotherreasonwhypeopleloveLi’svideosisthattheywanttoliveasimpleandslowlife.”（人們喜歡李子柒視頻的另一個(gè)原因是他們想要過簡單緩慢的生活）可知，她的視頻對觀眾來說意味著對簡單生活的向往，選項(xiàng)A正確。閱讀理解CFishbabiesinspace?!Inaspacestudyonzebrafish(斑馬魚),Chinesescientistshavesetanewrecord.Theysuccessfullygotfourzebrafishtoliveandgrowinaclosedwaterworld.

ThezebrafishwenttoChina’sspacestationontheShenzhouXVIIIspaceshiponApril252024.Sincethen,theyhavebeenlivinginaclosedfishtankwithsomeplants.Thefishgrewupandhadbabiesin43days.Intheirspecialclosedenvironment,theplantsmadeairforthefishandthefish’swastegavetheplantsfood.Thescientistsgavethefishfoodthroughaspecialneedle.Suchaclosed-loopecosystem(封閉生態(tài)系統(tǒng))isimportantforfuturestudiesinspace.Itmeansthatplantsandanimalscanliveinspacemoresimplyandeasily.ThescientistsalsofoundthatthezebrafishacteddifferentlythanonEarth.Forexample,theyoftenswamontheirback.Thelowgravityinspaceisabigreason.OnEarth,gravitypullseverythingtoEarth’scenter,andanimalscanfindtheirwayeasily.Gravityalsomakestheirbodiesworkharderandbecomestronger,saidTheConversation.

Humansandzebrafishshare70percentofthesamegenes.Sothenewfindingwillhelpscientistsbetterunderstandhumanhealth.1.Whatdoweknowaboutthespacestudy?A.Scientistsfromdifferentcountriesdidittogether.

B.Thezebrafishgavebirthtofourbabiesatlast.

C.Ittookplaceinaclosedenvironment.D.Itlastedforlessthanonemonth.2.Whichpictureshouldbeinthecircletoshowtheecosysteminthefishtank?ABCD3.Whatwastheresultofthelowgravityinspace?A.Humanbodiesgotstronger.B.Animalscouldeasilyfindway.C.Thezebrafishswamupsidedown.D.Thezebrafishswaminthesamedirection.4.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theplanforstudyinghumangenes.

B.Thefindingsofthespacestudy.C.Furtherstudiesonzebrafish.D.Theimportanceofthestudy.

【答案】CBCD【解析】文章主旨大意是關(guān)于中國科學(xué)家對斑馬魚在太空的研究。由于人類和斑馬魚基因有70%相同，這項(xiàng)研究有助于理解人類健康和未來太空探索具有重要意義。1.C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中的描述，斑馬魚在一個(gè)封閉的水世界中生活和成長，這表明實(shí)驗(yàn)是在封閉環(huán)境中進(jìn)行的。2.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)theplantsmadeairforthefishandthefish’swastegavetheplantsfood.scientistsgavethefishfoodthroughaspecialneedle.植物為魚提供空氣，魚的排泄物為植物提供食物?？茖W(xué)家們通過一根特殊的針給魚喂食。故答案選B3.C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章中提到，由于太空中的低重力，斑馬魚的行為與在地球上不同，它們經(jīng)常背部朝上游泳，因此選項(xiàng)C是正確的。4.D.主旨大意題。最后一段主要討論了這項(xiàng)研究的重要性，特別是關(guān)于人類健康的部分，因?yàn)槿祟惡桶唏R魚共享70%的相同基因，所以這項(xiàng)研究的新發(fā)現(xiàn)將幫助科學(xué)家更好地理解人類健康。閱讀理解DClassicsarethetreasureoftheliterary(文學(xué))world.Foryears,peoplehavereadthemtolearnmore.Butnow,morepeoplelove“watching”theseclassicsinvideos.Accordingtoa2023reportreleasedbytheChineseshort-videoplatformDouyin,theviewsforbook-relatedvideosjumpedby65.17percentyear-on-year.“TherearesomeclassicsthatIamnotinterestedinbutrequiredtoread,”said14-year-oldHeLiyanfromJiangsu.“SoIusuallywatchavideoaboutthebooktofindsomeinterestingstorieswhichcankeepmereading.”Somepeoplealsofindclassicbooksreallylongandhardtounderstand,sotheygotovloggers’explanations.“Thevloggersalsoaddpersonalopinionstotheirexplanations,makingthebookeasiertounderstand,”addedHe.ADreamofRedMansions(《紅樓夢》)isfamousforshowingChinesesocietywithinterestingcharactersandapoeticwritingstyle.Ittalksaboutfamily,societyandhumannature.Thesethingscanbefuntowatchbutboringanddifficulttoread.“Therearesomanycharactersinthenovel,whichconfusedmealot,”said12-year-oldShaoXinyanfromHubei.“Themindmapsshowninthevideosmaketheirrelationshipsclearer.”Whilereadingwithvideoshelpsmanypeople,someexpressdifferentopinionsandworries.ForZhangBoren,a13-year-oldfromBeijing,readingisajourneyaboutformingapersonalrelationshipwiththetext,notjustlearninginformation.“Bookscanletmeimagine.Althoughvideoscanhelpalot,theycan’tshoweverypartofawell-madestory,”hesaid.Eighteen-year-oldWangHongjiefromSichuanagreed,saying,“Itmaydecreasereaders’abilitytoreadindependentlyandthinkdeeply.”1.AccordingtoDouyin,theviewsforbook-relatedvideos_____.A.increasedgreatly

B.decreasedrapidlyC.remainedthesame

D.wentupanddown

2.Howdobook-relatedvideoshelpHeLiyan?A.Byexplainingclassicswithpictures.B.Bysummarizingbooksinafewwords.C.Byshowingmindmapsofsomeclassics.D.Byincreasinghisinterestinthebooks.3.WhatdidShaoXinyanlearnaboutADreamofRedMansionsthroughvideos?A.Shelearnedaboutsomeexperts’opinions.B.Shebetterunderstoodthecharacterrelationships.C.Sheunderstoodthebook’spoeticwritingstyle.D.Shegottoknowaboutthebook’swritingbackground.4.Whatisthemainworryaboutbook-relatedvideos?A.Theywastereaders’timebyjustsummarizingthebooks.B.Theystopreadersfromunderstandingthebooksbythemselves.C.Theygivetoomuchunnecessaryinformationtoviewers.D.Thevloggers’incorrectopinionscouldmisleadviewers.【答案】ADBB【解析】抖音報(bào)告顯示書籍相關(guān)視頻瀏覽量增加，雖視頻助讀但也有擔(dān)憂，如影響?yīng)毩㈤喿x與思考能力。1.根據(jù)“Accordingtoa2023reportreleasedbytheChineseshort-videoplatformDouyin,theviewsforbook-relatedvideosjumpedby65.17percentyear-on-year.”（根據(jù)中國短視頻平臺(tái)抖音2023年發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告，與書籍相關(guān)的視頻的瀏覽量同比增長了65.17%。）可知瀏覽量大幅增長。答案是A。2.根據(jù)“‘TherearesomeclassicsthatIamnotinterestedinbutrequiredtoread,’said14-year-oldHeLiyanfromJiangsu.‘SoIusuallywatchavideoaboutthebooktofindsomeinterestingstorieswhichcankeepmereading.’”（來自江蘇的14歲的何立言（音譯）說：“有些經(jīng)典著作我不感興趣但又必須讀，所以我通?？搓P(guān)于這本書的視頻來找到一些有趣的故事，這能讓我繼續(xù)讀下去?！保┛芍曨l是通過增加他對書的興趣來幫助他的。答案是D。3.根據(jù)“‘Therearesomanycharactersinthenovel,whichconfusedmealot,’said12-year-oldShaoXinyanfromHubei.‘Themindmapsshowninthevideosmaketheirrelationshipsclearer.’”（來自湖北的12歲的邵欣妍（音譯）說：“小說里有太多人物了，這讓我很困惑。視頻里展示的思維導(dǎo)圖讓他們的關(guān)系更清晰了?！保┛芍ㄟ^視頻更好地理解了人物關(guān)系。答案是B。4.根據(jù)“Eighteen-year-oldWangHongjiefromSichuanagreed,saying,‘Itmaydecreasereaders’abilitytoreadindependentlyandthinkdeeply.’”（來自四川的18歲的王宏杰（音譯）表示同意，他說：“這可能會(huì)降低讀者獨(dú)立閱讀和深入思考的能力?！保┛芍饕膿?dān)憂是它們會(huì)阻礙讀者自己理解書籍。答案是B。閱讀理解EThewinnersofthe2024NobelPrizeinSciencehavebeenannounced,whichrecognizesscientistswhohavemadeoutstandingcontributionstothedevelopmentoffieldssuchasproteinandartificialintelligence.Theyhavemaderecognizedcontributionsinphysics,chemistry,andmedicine.ChemistryTheChemistryprizewenttoUSscientistsDavidBakerandJohnJumper,alongwithBritishcomputerscientistDemisHassabis.Bakerbuiltnewkindsofproteins(蛋白質(zhì)),whileJumperandHassabismadeanAImodelcalledAlphaFold2toworkouthardproteinstructures(結(jié)構(gòu)).Ithasbeenverydifficultforscientiststoworkouthowproteinsfoldinto3Dshapesthatdecidetheirfunction(功能).However,AlphaFold2canperfectlyworkoutthe3Dshapesofnearlyallknownproteins.Itmayalsohelpwithnewdrug(藥物)development.PhysicsUSscientistJohnHopfieldandBritish-CanadianGeoffreyHintonwonthe2024NobelPrizeinphysicsforhelpingleadthewayforthedevelopmentofAI.In1982,Hopfieldmadeanetwork(網(wǎng)絡(luò))thathelpscomputersstoreandrecallpatterns.Thisislikehowourbrainsrememberthings.Ayearlater,HintonmadetheBoltzmannmachine.Itallowscomputerstolearnontheirowntofindpatterns,likespotting(發(fā)現(xiàn))differentthingsinpictures.AccordingtoEllenMoons,chairoftheNobelCommitteeforPhysics,theirworkhasalreadybeenofthegreatestbenefitsinceartificialneuralnetworks(人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò))arebeingwidelyused.PhysiologyormedicineUSscientistsVictorAmbrosandGaryRuvkundiscoveredhowgenes(基因)arecontrolledincells(細(xì)胞).Althoughallcellsinourbodieshavethesamegenes,differenttypes,likemuscle(肌肉)andnerve(神經(jīng))cells,workindifferentways.TheyfoundoutthattinyhelperscalledmicroRNAshelpcontrolwhichgenesareactiveincells.Thisdiscoveryisimportantforunderstandinghowthingsdevelopandfunction.1.DavidBakerreceivedtheNobelPrizeinchemistryfor_______.A.developingtheAImodelAlphaFold2B.buildingnewkindsofproteinsC.foldingproteinsinto3DshapesD.researchingnewdrugs2.WhatcantheBoltzmannmachinedo?A.Ithelpsbuildnetworksoncomputers.B.Ithelpscomputersdiscoverpatterns.C.Itcandrawdifferentkindsofpatterns.D.Itallowscomputerstostorepatterns.3.WhatdidVictorAmbrosandGaryRuvkunfind?A.Humanbeingssharecertaingenes.B.Differenttypesofcellsworkdifferently.C.Howtocontrolgenesincells.D.HowmicroRNAsinfluencecellactivity.4.Whatdothethreediscoverieshaveincommon?A.TheyareallrelatedtoAItechnology.B.Theyarewidelyappliedindailylife.C.TheyareallmadebyUSscientists.D.Theyhelpusunderstandtheworldbetter.【解析】文章介紹了2024年諾貝爾科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)?，他們在蛋白質(zhì)研究和人工智能領(lǐng)域做出了突出貢獻(xiàn)。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)都有助于我們更好地理解世界。１．B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章中提到，DavidBaker因?yàn)闃?gòu)建新型蛋白質(zhì)而獲得了諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。２.B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章中提到，GeoffreyHinton發(fā)明的Boltzmann機(jī)器允許計(jì)算機(jī)自主學(xué)習(xí)以發(fā)現(xiàn)模式，比如在圖片中識(shí)別不同的事物。３.C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。VictorAmbros和GaryRuvkun發(fā)現(xiàn)了微小的助手microRNAs如何幫助控制細(xì)胞中的基因活性，這表明他們找到了控制細(xì)胞中基因的方法。４.D.推理判斷題。這三個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)都有助于我們更好地理解世界。DavidBaker的工作幫助我們理解蛋白質(zhì)的結(jié)構(gòu)，Hinton和Hopfield的工作推動(dòng)了AI的發(fā)展，而Ambros和Ruvkun的發(fā)現(xiàn)幫助我們理解基因如何在細(xì)胞中被控制，這些都是增進(jìn)我們對世界理解的重要科學(xué)進(jìn)展。閱讀理解FAstudentstuckanoteonhisclassmate’sbackwhiletheywereatrecess(課間休息)oneday.Thenotesaid“I’mStupid”.Heaskedtherestofhisclassmatesnottotelltheboy.Theotherstudentsstartedlaughingattheboy,butwouldn’tsaywhy.Soon,itwastimefortheirafternoonmathclass.Theirteacherwroteadifficultproblemontheblackboard.Noonewasabletosolveitexcepttheboywiththenoteonhisback.Ignoringthelaughter,hewalkedtowardtheblackboardandsolvedtheproblem.Theteacheraskedtheclasstoclap(鼓掌)forhimandtookthenoteoffhisback.Shetoldhim,“Itseemsthatyoudidn’tknowaboutthenoteyourclassmateputonyourback,butyoudidn’tseemtocareanyway.”Thentheteacherlookedattherestoftheclassandsaid,“BeforeIpunishyouall,letmetellyoutwothings.First,allofyouwillbelabeled(貼標(biāo)簽)atonepointoranotherbyotherpeoplewhodon’twantyoutosucceed.Allyouhavetodoisignoretheselabels.Youhavetotakeeverychanceyouhavetolearn,growandimprove.”Thentheteacheradded,“Anditseemsthatnoneofyouarefriendswiththisboy,sincenoneofyouwerekindenoughtotellhimaboutthenote.Ifthat’strue,thenyou’dbetterhopethatyouhavesomegoodfriendsyourself.Otherwise,youmightbetheonewithanotestuckonyourbacksomedaywithnoonetotellyou.”1.Whydidthestudentstickthenoteontheboy’sback?A.Tomaketheteachernoticetheboy.

B.Tohelphimwithamathquestion.C.Toplayagameduringthebreak.D.Tomakefunoftheboy.

2.Howdidtheotherstudentsreacttothenote?A.Theytoldtheteacheraboutit.B.Theyfeltsorryfortheboy.C.Theylaughedattheboybutdidn’tsaywhy.

D.Theyhelpedtheboyremovethenote.3.Whatadvicedidtheteachergiveifsomeoneislabeledbyothers?A.Listentowhatotherssay.B.Don’tcareaboutthelabel.C.Turntotheteacherforhelp.D.Punishtheonewholabeledthem.4.Whatlessonmighttheteachertrytotellallthestudents?A.Weshouldlearnfromourfriends.

B.Weneedtomakeasmanyfriendsaspossible.C.It’simportanttoconsiderhowothersfeel.D.It’snoteasytobuildstrongfriendships.【答案】DCBC【解析】文章講述了一個(gè)學(xué)生在課間休息時(shí)把寫有“我很愚蠢”的紙條貼在同學(xué)背上，想捉弄他，其他同學(xué)嘲笑這個(gè)男孩但不告訴他原因。下午的數(shù)學(xué)課上，背上貼著紙條的男孩解出了黑板上沒人能解出的難題，老師讓同學(xué)們鼓掌并取下紙條。老師借此教育同學(xué)們兩點(diǎn)：一是被別人貼標(biāo)簽時(shí)要忽略標(biāo)簽，抓住機(jī)會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)、成長和進(jìn)步；二是如果都不友善地對待同學(xué)，將來自己也可能面臨無人相助的境地。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thenotesaid‘I’mStupid’.Heaskedtherestofhisclassmatesnottotelltheboy.Theotherstudentsstartedlaughingattheboy”（紙條上寫著“我很愚蠢”。他讓其他同學(xué)不要告訴這個(gè)男孩。其他學(xué)生開始嘲笑這個(gè)男孩），可以看出這個(gè)學(xué)生把紙條貼在男孩背上是為了取笑他。答案是D。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。原文明確提到“Theotherstudentsstartedlaughingattheboy,butwouldn’tsaywhy.”（其他學(xué)生開始嘲笑這個(gè)男孩，但不說為什么）。答案是C。3.推理題。由“First,allofyouwillbelabeled(貼標(biāo)簽)atonepointoranotherbyotherpeoplewhodon’twantyoutosucceed.Allyouhavetodoisignoretheselabels.”（首先，你們所有人都會(huì)被那些不想讓你們成功的人貼上這樣或那樣的標(biāo)簽。你們所要做的就是忽略這些標(biāo)簽）可知，如果被別人貼標(biāo)簽，老師建議不要在意這個(gè)標(biāo)簽。答案是B。4.推理判斷題。從“Anditseemsthatnoneofyouarefriendswiththisboy,sincenoneofyouwerekindenoughtotellhimaboutthenote.Ifthat’strue,thenyou’dbetterhopethatyouhavesomegoodfriendsyourself.Otherwise,youmightbetheonewithanotestuckonyourbacksomedaywithnoonetotellyou.”（看起來你們沒有人是這個(gè)男孩的朋友，因?yàn)槟銈儧]有一個(gè)人好心到告訴他紙條的事。如果這是真的，那么你們最好希望自己有一些好朋友。否則，有一天你可能會(huì)成為那個(gè)背上貼著紙條卻沒人告訴你的人）可以推斷出，老師想告訴所有學(xué)生考慮他人感受是很重要的。答案是C。完形填空DuringtheWesternJinDynasty,therewasamannamedZhouChu.Hewastallerand1thananyothermaninthevillage.However,hewasimpoliteandrude.People2himbecauseheoftenhitvillagers.Atthetime,therewasaman-eatingtigerandadeepwatermonster(怪物)livingnearby.Theyoftencaused3forthevillage.Peoplecalledthemtwo,alongwithZhou,the“threeevils”(害).Oneday,somevillagersaskedZhoutohelpthemkillthetigerandthemonster.Zhouagreed.Afterthreedaysoffighting,Zhou4killedthem.Butthevillagersthoughthewasdeadduringthefight.BeforeZhoucameback,theycelebratedhis5.Afterseeingthis,Zhourealizedhowmuchhewashatedanddecidedtomakea6.HevisitedafamousmannamedLuYun.Lu