Period4

UNIT3

Theworldonline主題語境

人與社會(huì)

——科技發(fā)展與信息技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，信息安全課時(shí)學(xué)案單元語法講練(Grammarandusage)1．belongvi.應(yīng)在(某處)；能適應(yīng)belongto

屬于；歸……所有；是……的成員belongingn.

穩(wěn)定關(guān)系，歸屬感asenseofbelonging

一種歸屬感belongingsn.

動(dòng)產(chǎn)；財(cái)物[名師點(diǎn)津]

belongto不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子

①Live

Musicisawebsitethat_______(belong)toallmusiclovers.②—Wheredothesebooksbelong?—Theybelong__thebookshelf.③Whenshemovedtoanewcity，ittooksometimetofindasenseof_________(belong)inhernewneighborhood.④離開餐館之前記得帶走屬于你的所有物品。Remembertotakeeverything__________________beforeleavingtherestaurant.belongsonbelongingbelongingtoyou2．requestvt.要求，請(qǐng)求n．要求，請(qǐng)求；要求的事berequestedtodosth.

被要求做某事requeststh.fromsb.

向某人請(qǐng)求/要求某物requestthat.../Itisrequestedthat...

請(qǐng)求/要求……(that從句用虛擬語氣，

謂語用“should＋

動(dòng)詞原形”，

其中should可省略)atone'srequest/attherequestofsb.

應(yīng)某人的要求onrequest

一經(jīng)請(qǐng)求/要求byrequest

按照要求makearequestforsth.

請(qǐng)求/要求得到某物makearequest＋that...

請(qǐng)求/要求……(從句的謂語用

“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，

其中should可省略)[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子

①Asweareoftentold，visitors___________(request)nottotouchtheexhibits.②Thestaffimmediatelyrequestedthathe_____________________(reconsider)hisdecision.③You'dsoundalotmorepoliteifyoumake_requestintheformofaquestion.④要求所有學(xué)生本周末前提交他們的項(xiàng)目提案。_______________allthestudents(should)submittheirprojectsbytheendoftheweek.arerequested(should)reconsideraItisrequestedthat[觀察例句]指出句中黑體部分所作的成分①HavinglivedinBeijingformanyyears，heknowsthecitywell. ________②Thechildreneagerlyunwrappedtheirbirthdaypresents，laughingwithexcitement．

________原因狀語伴隨狀語③Walkingdownthestreet，shenoticedastraycatcryingforattention. ________④Shefoundhimsittingontheporch，staringintothedistance. ____⑤Thedoglyinginthesunlookedcontentandrelaxed. ____時(shí)間狀語賓補(bǔ)定語[歸納用法]一、動(dòng)詞-ing的形式、意義及功能

形式意義功能動(dòng)詞-ingdoing主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語(不作目的狀語)和補(bǔ)語beingdone被動(dòng)、進(jìn)行havingdone主動(dòng)、完成havingbeendone被動(dòng)、完成Intheantcity，thequeen'sjobislayingeggs．(作表語)在蟻城，蟻后的工作是產(chǎn)卵。Thegirlwearingareddressishissister.(作定語)穿紅色連衣裙的女孩是他的妹妹。Workinginthefactory，hewasanadvancedworker.(作時(shí)間狀語)在工廠工作時(shí)，他是一名高級(jí)工人。Hedroppedtheglass，breakingitintopieces．(作結(jié)果狀語)他把杯子弄掉了，使它摔得粉碎。二、動(dòng)詞-ing

形式作定語1．說明被修飾名詞的用途和性能，必須位于被修飾詞之前，且與被修飾詞沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。如：areadingroom(＝aroomwhichisusedforreading)閱覽室asleepingcar(＝acarwhichisusedforsleeping)臥鋪車廂2．表示被修飾的人或物的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，且與被修飾詞存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，也可表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)。單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語時(shí)通常置于被修飾詞之前，動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語必須置于被修飾詞之后。動(dòng)詞-ing形式(短語)作定語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。如：developingcountries(＝countriesthataredeveloping)發(fā)展中國家asleepingchild(＝achildthatissleeping)一個(gè)正在睡覺的孩子[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練1]——單句語法填空①Hewalkedaroundstifflycarryinga_______

(walk)stick.②_______(bark)dogsseldombite.③Just

Danceisawebsite_________(belong)toalldancelovers.④Theyarevisitors_______(come)fromseveralcountries.walkingBarkingbelongingcoming三、動(dòng)詞-ing

形式作狀語動(dòng)詞-ing形式(短語)可在句中作狀語，表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、方式、讓步等，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句。1．作時(shí)間狀語。Whenhearingtheirteacher'svoice，thepupilsstoppedtalkingatonce.聽到他們老師的聲音后，學(xué)生們立即停止了講話。Havingworked

fortwodays，Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.工作兩天后，史蒂夫成功按時(shí)完成了報(bào)告。2．作原因狀語。Notknowing

howtoworkoutthedifficultphysicsproblem，heturnedtotheteacherforhelp.不知道怎樣解那道物理難題，他向老師求助。Havingbeenaskedtoworkovertimethatevening，Imissedawonderfulfilm.那天晚上我被要求加班，所以錯(cuò)過了一場(chǎng)精彩的電影。3．作條件狀語。Working

hard，you'llsucceed.努力工作，你就會(huì)成功。Turningtotheleft，you'llfindthepathleadingtothevillage.左拐，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)通往村子的小路。4．作結(jié)果狀語。通常位于句末，前面有逗號(hào)。有時(shí)為了加強(qiáng)語氣，前面加thus.Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam，thuscausingthedelay．他們的車陷入了交通擁堵，因而延誤了。Thecoolwindsweptthroughourbedroomwindows，makingtheairconditioningunnecessary．涼爽的風(fēng)透過我們臥室的窗戶吹進(jìn)來，讓空調(diào)變得毫無必要。5．作方式狀語或伴隨狀語，說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情況。Janemovedaimlesslydownthestreet，notknowing

whereshewasheading．簡在街上漫無目的地走著，不知道要往哪里去。Likeancientsailors，birdscanfindtheirwayusingthesunandthestars.像古代的水手一樣，鳥類可以利用太陽和星星找到它們的路。6．作讓步狀語。有時(shí)其前可以帶有連接詞although，though等。

Thoughlacking

moneyandsupportfromhisfamily，hemanagedtocompletethetaskbyhimself.盡管缺少資金和家人的支持，他還是設(shè)法靠自己完成了任務(wù)。Althoughimpressingtheexaminers，heneverthelessfailed.盡管給考官留下了深刻的好印象，他還是沒通過考試。[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練2]——完成句子①我站在那兒等她。Istoodthere，_____________．②他傳播了總統(tǒng)將會(huì)辭職的謠言，導(dǎo)致那個(gè)國家的極大的混亂。Hespreadarumourthatthepresidentwasgoingtoresign，____________________________________．waitingforherleadingtoagreatconfusioninthatcountry③取得成功之后，菲奧納希望通過其他新媒體形式吸引更多的用戶。_______________________，F(xiàn)ionahopestoattractmoreusersthroughotherformsofnewmedia.④因?yàn)橐郧霸谀羌易灾蛷d吃過飯，他建議我們?nèi)ツ抢?。______________________________，hesuggestedthatwegothere.HavingachievedsuccessHavingeatenatthatcafeteriabefore四、動(dòng)詞-ing

形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語1．動(dòng)詞-ing形式(短語)作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，置于賓語后面；

與賓語存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，賓語是其邏輯主語，表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作，或強(qiáng)調(diào)一種狀態(tài)。Iheardhimplayingthepiano．我聽見他在彈鋼琴。Ifthespeakersaregood，youwillfindyourselfagreeingwithbothofthem．如果(雙方)發(fā)言者都很棒，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你對(duì)雙方的觀點(diǎn)都贊同。注意：當(dāng)句子轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，原來作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞-ing形式(短語)便作主語補(bǔ)足語。Hewasheardplayingthepiano．有人聽見他在彈鋼琴。2．以下兩類動(dòng)詞(短語)能跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式(短語)作賓語補(bǔ)足語(1)表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的感官動(dòng)詞(短語)，常見的有see，hear，feel，smell，find，notice，observe，lookat，listento等。Listeningtomusicathomeisonething；goingtohearitbeingperformedliveisquiteanother.在家聽音樂是一回事，去現(xiàn)場(chǎng)聽被演奏的音樂完全是另一回事。

注意：see，hear，feel，watch等感官動(dòng)詞之后可跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式(短語)和動(dòng)詞不定式(通常省略to)作賓語補(bǔ)足語。前者表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，后者表示(或強(qiáng)調(diào))動(dòng)作的全過程。(2)表示“致使”意義的使役動(dòng)詞，常見的有have，get，keep，leave等。Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting．不好意思讓你久等了。Iwon'thaveyourunning

aboutintheroom.我不允許你在房間里跑來跑去。[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練3]——補(bǔ)全句子①Thewomanhadtheideaaftershe_____________________________(看女兒跳舞)twoyearsago.②Shealways__________________(覺得跳舞能令人放松)afteralongdayatschool.③Hisremarks_______________(讓我想知道)abouthisrealpurpose.watchedherdaughterdancingfounddancerelaxingleftmewondering短文語境填空AsmydaughterandIparkedinfrontofourlocalgrocerystore，undertheeaves(屋檐)infrontofuswereahomelessgentlemanandhisdog.1．_______(enter)thestore，IdecidedthattheleastIcoulddowastobuylunchforthegentlemanandfoodandwaterforhisdog.2．_________(stand)atthecheckout(付款臺(tái))Inoticedthemaninthestore3．_________(try)tocalculatewhathecouldgetwiththeEnteringStandingtry/tryingchange4．_____(give)tohimbysomeonewhileIwasinside.MyfirstthoughtwasthatIknewwhowaswatchinghisdog.AsIexited，myveryshydaughterwasthere，5．_______(keep)aneyeonandplayingwithhisdog.Thegentlemancameoutshortlyafterme，6．_________(surprise)toseethathehadlunch7．_______(wait).Certainlyhefoundhisdog8．___(feed)byus.Hethankedbothofus.I

nodded，9．______(say)thatinsuchtimesweallneedsomehelpandthathopefullytherewillalwaysbesomeonethere10．_____(do)sowhenweeachneedit.givenkeepingsurprisedwaitingfedsayingtodo課下預(yù)習(xí)第二篇課文(Extendedreading)①begluedtosth.全神貫注看著某物，離某物很近gluev.黏合，粘貼②reachfor伸手去拿(也可以表示為reachoutfor)③adeadbattery沒電的電池deadadj.用完了的④takeup占據(jù)，占用⑤couldhavedone本來能夠做某事⑥slideintothehabit陷入這種習(xí)慣slidev．逐漸陷入⑦knocksb.offone'sfeet撞倒某人，使某人雙腳離地⑧makeupone'smind某人下定決心⑨beusedto習(xí)慣于(后跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式)⑩ofvalue有價(jià)值的(此處作后置定語)?stretchout伸展；延深?disconnectedadj.斷開的；無關(guān)聯(lián)的?keepajournalof記日記journaln．日記；報(bào)紙，雜志?revealvt.展示，顯出；揭示，透露?earthyadj.人間的，塵世的，世俗的?wide-rangingconversation話題廣泛的交談rangen．范圍，方面?brieftexts簡短信息文本?enjoyeachother'scompany享受彼此的陪伴companyn．陪伴?givemeagreatappreciationfor讓我好好享受……?takeadvantageof利用Smartphone：asmartchoice?Iwasasmartphoneaddict.Myeyesweregluedto①thelittlescreenwheneverIwalkeddownthestreet，haddinnerwithfriendsorlayinbedatnight[1].ThefirstthingIdidwhenIwokeupinthemorningwasreachfor②myphone.

[2]IalwaysaskedforWi-FiconnectionswhenIwenttoanewrestaurantorcoffeeshop.Adeadbattery③inmysmartphonewouldmakemefeelstressed.SometimesIhadtheuncomfortablefeelingthatthislittlemachinehadtakenup④toomuchofmytime，andthatIcouldhavedone⑤somethingmoremeaningfulthanjustlookingatatinyscreenallday.Slidingintothehabit⑥waseasy，butitwasdifficulttoquitthehabit.[1]whenever引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。[2]was后的reach省略不定式符號(hào)to，因?yàn)榍懊嬷髡Z部分有did。ThenthedaycamewhenIfinallyrealizedIhadtomakeachange[3].Headdown，eyesonmysmartphone[4]，Isteppedintotheroadandacarshotpast，nearlyknockingmeoffmyfeet⑦！Atthatverymoment，Imadeupmymind⑧tospendawholeweekwithoutmysmartphone.[3]when引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾theday，被謂語動(dòng)詞came隔開。[4]此處為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語。Thefirstdaywasthehardest.Iwasusedto⑨checkingthenewsandmyfriends'socialmediaupdateseveryfewminutes，butnowIdidnotknowwhattodowithmyself.Ikeptreachingformypocket，formysmartphonethatwasnotthere[5].Ifeltlostandanxious，asifIhadmissedsomethingofvalue⑩.Verysoon，timesloweddown.Theemptyhoursstretchedout?infrontofme，andIfeltdisconnected?fromeveryoneandeverything.[5]that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾smartphone。Itwasscaryatfirst.ThensomehowIbegantofeelfree.ThethingsthatIhadtimefor！[6]IfinallypickeduptheclassicnovelIhadalwayswantedtoreadandwassoonlostinthebeautifullanguage.Ikeptajournalof?myfeelings，thoughtsanddailyactivitiestoseehowmuchprogressIwasmaking[7].IwentoutforarunandfeltmorealivethanIhadindays[8].Thedetailsofthescenewererevealed?infrontofme：thesoftsunlight，abirdsingingfromahightreebranch，therichandearthy?smellofthesoilaftertherain.Bestofall，Ibegantoappreciatethebeautyinlifewithmyowneyes，insteadofthroughmysmartphonecamera.[6]此處是省略句，句子主干僅保留了Thethings，用以強(qiáng)調(diào)。that引導(dǎo)定語從句。[7]此處是定語從句，修飾progress，省略了引導(dǎo)詞that/which，包含的詞組為makeprogress。[8]Ihad...為定語從句省略形式，完整形式為Ihadfelt。Myofflinerelationshipsbenefitedaswell.Iwentforalongwalkwithanoldfriend.Ourwide-rangingconversation?wentsomuchdeeperthanbrieftexts?evercould.Witheyesnolongerfixedonourphones，wehadachancetoreallyenjoyeachother'scompany?.Ialsomadesuretospendmoretimewithmyparents.Wewenttotheopera，playedbadminton，andvisitedmuseums.Onenight，mymothertookoutsomefamilyphotosandwelaughedaboutoldtimes.Ibroughtthemuptodatewithwhatwasgoingoninmylife.Wehadneverfeltclosertoeachother.Bytheendoftheweek，Ialmostdidnotwanttoturnmyphonebackon.Thosesevendayshavegivenmeagreatappreciationfor?lifebe