經(jīng)絡(luò)MeridiansandCollaterals

經(jīng)絡(luò)是人體氣血運(yùn)行的通路，它是中醫(yī)學(xué)理論體系的重要組成部分，同針灸學(xué)的關(guān)系密切。它是針灸學(xué)的理論核心。Meridiansandcollateralsarethepathwaysinthehumanbody,inwhichqiandbloodarecirculated.TheyaretheimportantcomponentofthetheoreticalsystemoftraditionalChinesemedicine,intimatelyrelatedwithacupunctureandmoxibustion.Theyarethetheoreticalcoreofacupunctureandmoxibustion.第一節(jié)：經(jīng)絡(luò)的基本概念SectionI:thebasicconceptofmeridiansandcollaterals(Jingluo)

經(jīng)絡(luò)是經(jīng)脈和絡(luò)脈的總稱。JingLuointraditionalChinesemedicineisthegeneraltermformeridiansandcollaterals.

“絡(luò)”指絡(luò)脈，猶如網(wǎng)絡(luò)，它是經(jīng)脈別出的細(xì)小分支，縱橫交錯(cuò)，遍布全身?！癓uo”standsforcollateralswhichappearlikeanetwork,i.e.thefinebranchesdivergingfrommeridians,runningbothlongitudinallyandtransversely,distributedovertheentirebody.InthefirstancientChinesemedicalbookHuangDiNeiJing(TheInternalClassicofYellowEmperor)meridiansandcollateralsarealreadyexpoundedinsomedetails,whicharecontinuouslysupplementedandgraduallycompletedbyphysiciansinthelaterdynasties.

在中國(guó)古代第一本醫(yī)書——《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》里，已對(duì)經(jīng)絡(luò)有了較系統(tǒng)的描述，經(jīng)后世醫(yī)家不斷地充實(shí)而逐步趨于完整。Theformationofthemeridianandcollateraltheorymayundergofollowingways:1.Basedonthesummaryoftransmittingsensationsalongcertainlineofthelimborbodyfeltbytheindividualswhilehavingacupunctureormessagetreatment.2.Basedonthesummaryofthetherapeuticpropertiesofacupuncturepoints.經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)說的形成，可能是通過以下途徑：1、

是針刺、按摩時(shí)感傳線路的總結(jié)；2、

是腧穴主治功能的總結(jié)；

1、

針刺、按摩時(shí)感傳線路的總結(jié)；

Basedonthesummaryoftransmittingsensationsalongcertainlineofthelimborbodyfeltbytheindividualswhilehavingacupunctureormessagetreatment.

2、

腧穴主治功能的總結(jié)；Basedonthesummaryofthetherapeuticproperties(indications)ofacupuncturepoints.經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)說的形成，可能是通過以下途徑：Theformationofthemeridianandcollateraltheorymaybethroughfollowingways:

3、人體體表反應(yīng)點(diǎn)的總結(jié)；Thesummaryofthereactivespotstothepathologicalchangesatthehumanbodysurface.4、古人解剖、生理學(xué)知識(shí)的總結(jié)。Thecollectionoftheknowledgeonanatomyandphysiologyobtainedbytheancientpeople.

“Whenthelungandheartareinvolvedinapathogenicinvasion,thepathogenicqilingersinbothelbows;whentheliverisinvolved,itlingersinbothaxilla;whenthespleenisinvolved,itstaysinbothgroins;whenthekidneyisinvolved,itstaysinbothpoplitealfossa.”------Chapter71inMiraculousPivot

《靈樞·邪客》：“肺心有邪，其氣留于兩肘；肝有邪，其氣留于兩腋；脾有邪，其氣留于兩髀；腎有邪，其氣留于兩腘。”2、

抗御病邪、反映證候Resistingpathogensandreflectingsymptoms

3、

傳導(dǎo)感應(yīng)、調(diào)整虛實(shí)Transmittingsensationsandregulatingdeficiencyandexcessconditions.1)《靈樞·根結(jié)》說：“用針之要，在于知調(diào)陰與陽?！?/p>

“Thekeyinacupuncturetreatmentistoknowhowtoregulateyinandyang.”-----Chapter5inMiraculousPivot2)《靈樞·九針十二原》說：“刺之要，氣至而有效”。

“Inacupuncture,thearrivalofqiisessentialtoobtainingtherapeuticeffects.”-----Chapter1inMiraculousPivot

1、

說明人體的病理變化

Toexplainthepathologicalchangesofthehumanbody.二、經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)說的臨床應(yīng)用：II.Clinicalapplicationofmeridianandcollateraltheory

3、

指導(dǎo)針灸臨床治療Todirecttheclinicaltreatment.2、

指導(dǎo)臨床診斷辨證歸經(jīng)Toguideclinicaldiagnosisanddeterminationoftheaffectedmeridiansintheillness.經(jīng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)中，根據(jù)其分布特點(diǎn)和功能的不同，而分為經(jīng)脈和絡(luò)脈兩大部分。Inaccordancewiththeirdistributionandfunctions,twopartsarecomposedinthemeridianandcollateralsystem,namely,meridiansandcollaterals.第四節(jié)：經(jīng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)的主要內(nèi)容Section4:Theprincipalcontentofmeridiansandcollaterals以下是經(jīng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)組成表：Thecomponentsofthemeridianandcollateralsystem經(jīng)脈十二經(jīng)脈（正經(jīng)）奇經(jīng)八脈絡(luò)脈手太陰少陰厥陰陽明太陽少陽足太陰少陰厥陰陽明太陽少陽任脈、督脈沖脈、帶脈、陰蹺脈、陽蹺脈、陰維脈、陽維脈十二經(jīng)別十五絡(luò)脈浮絡(luò)、孫絡(luò)十二經(jīng)筋十二皮部經(jīng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)ThecomponentsofthemeridianandcollateralsystemmeridianTwelveregularmeridiansEightextrameridianscollateralhandTaiyinshaoyinjueyinYangmingtaiyangshaoyangfootTaiyinshaoyinjueyinYangmingtaiyangshaoyangDu,RenChong,DaiYinqiao,Yangqiao,Yinwei,YangweiTwelvedivergentmeridiansFifteencollateralsTwelvemuscleregionsTwelvecutaneousregions1、概念Concept:

十二經(jīng)脈即手三陰經(jīng)（肺、心包、心）、手三陽經(jīng)（大腸、三焦、小腸）、足三陽經(jīng)（胃、膽、膀胱）、足三陰經(jīng)（脾、肝、腎）的總稱。

TheTwelveRegularMeridians

refertothethreeyin

meridiansofhand(lung,pericardium,andheart),threeyangmeridiansofhand

(largeintestine,TripleEnergizer(Sanjiao)andsmallintestine),threeyangmeridiansoffoot(stomach,gallbladder,bladder),andthreeyinmeridiansoffoot(spleen,liverandkidney).一、十二經(jīng)脈

TheTwelveRegularMeridians

The12regularmeridiansarethemajorpartofthemeridianandcollateralsystem,communicatingrespectivelywiththesixZangorgansandsixFuorgans.Zangorganspertaintoyinlinkingwithyinmeridian,whereas,Fuorgansattributetoyanglinkingwithyangmeridians.IntheZang-FutheoryaZangorgan,theinteriorandyinorganismatchedwithaFuorgan,theexteriorandyangorgan,thus,formingayin-yangandinterior-exteriorrelationshipthroughtheconnectionoftheirmeridians.12經(jīng)脈是經(jīng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)的主體。它們分別與六臟六腑相聯(lián)系。臟屬陰與陰經(jīng)聯(lián)系；腑屬陽與陽經(jīng)聯(lián)系。在臟腑學(xué)說中一腑一臟表里，陽陰相配，故與之相聯(lián)系的經(jīng)脈亦形成陰陽表里關(guān)系。Forexample,thelargeintestinemeridianismatchedwiththelungmeridian,beingapairoftheexterior-interiorandyin-yangmeridians,sotherestofthefivepairsofmeridiansarematchedinthesameway.如大腸經(jīng)與肺經(jīng)構(gòu)成表里陽陰相配的一對(duì)，余此類推，共有六對(duì)表里相配的經(jīng)脈。1）根據(jù)其起點(diǎn)或止點(diǎn)在手或在足，而被分別叫做手經(jīng)或足經(jīng)。Themeridiansarenamedaccordingtothelocationoftheirbeginningpointortheterminalpointathandorfoot,therefore,knownrespectivelyashandmeridianorfootmeridian.2、十二經(jīng)脈的命名：Nomenclatureofthe12RegularMeridiansMoreover,the12meridiansarenamedaccordingtotheirconnectingorgans,sohandorfoot(atwheretheirpointbeginsorterminates),yinoryang,ZangorFuarethethreecomponentsinthenomenclatureofthemeridiannames.Forexample,thelungmeridianofhandTaiyin,thelargeintestinemeridianofhandYangming,thespleenmeridianoffootTaiyin,thestomachmeridianoffootYangming,etc.3）根據(jù)其經(jīng)脈所直接連屬的臟或腑的名字而命名，故十二經(jīng)的命名應(yīng)由手、足、陰、陽、臟、腑三部分組成。如手太陰肺經(jīng)、手陽明大腸經(jīng)、足太陰脾經(jīng)、足陽明胃經(jīng)等。手太陰肺經(jīng)LungMeridianofHandTaiyin手陽明大腸經(jīng)LargeIntestineMeridianofHandYangming

足陽明胃經(jīng)StomachMeridianofFootYangming足太陰脾經(jīng)SpleenMeridianofFootTaiyin手少陰心經(jīng)

HeartMeridianofHandShaoyin

手太陽小腸經(jīng)SmallIntestineMeridianofHandTaiyang足太陽膀胱經(jīng)BladderMeridianofFootTaiyang足少陰腎經(jīng)KidneyMeridianofFootShaoyin

手厥陰心包經(jīng)PericardiumMeridianofHandJueyin手少陽三焦經(jīng)TripleEnergizerMeridianofHandShaoyang

足少陽膽經(jīng)GallbladderMeridianofFootShaoyang足厥陰肝經(jīng)LiverMeridianofFootJueyin

十二經(jīng)脈TheTwelveMeridians手太陰肺經(jīng)TheLUmeridianofhandTaiyin

手陽明大腸經(jīng)TheLImeridianofhandYangming

足陽明胃經(jīng)TheSTmeridianoffootYangming足太陰脾經(jīng)TheSPmeridianoffootTaiyin手少陰心經(jīng)TheHTmeridianofHandShaoyin

手太陽小腸經(jīng)TheSImeridianofhandTaiyang

足太陽膀胱經(jīng)TheBLmeridianoffootTaiyang足少陰腎經(jīng)TheKImeridianoffootShaoyin手厥陰心包經(jīng)ThePCmeridianofhandJueyin

手少陽三焦經(jīng)TheTEmeridianofhandShaoyang

足少陽膽經(jīng)TheGBmeridianoffootShaoyang足厥陰肝經(jīng)TheLRmeridianoffootJueyin手太陰肺經(jīng)循行示意圖ThelungmeridianofhandTaiyinPointsofyangmeridian

Pointsofyinmeridian陽經(jīng)輸穴陰經(jīng)輸穴足陽明胃經(jīng)循行示意圖ThestomachmeridianoffootYangming手少陰心經(jīng)循行示意圖TheheartmeridianofhandShaoyin手太陽小腸經(jīng)循行示意圖ThesmallintestinemeridianofhandTaiyang足太陽膀胱經(jīng)循行示意圖ThebladdermeridianoffootTaiyang足少陰腎經(jīng)循行示意圖ThekidneymeridianoffootShaoyin手厥陰心包經(jīng)循行示意圖ThepericardiummeridianofhandJueyin手少陽三焦經(jīng)循行示意圖TheTE(Sanjiao)meridianofhandShaoyang足少陽膽經(jīng)循行示意圖ThegallbladdermeridianoffootShaoyang足厥陰肝經(jīng)循行示意圖ThelivermeridianoffootJueyin二、奇經(jīng)八脈奇經(jīng)八脈，是指與十二經(jīng)脈不同的八條經(jīng)脈，簡(jiǎn)稱“奇經(jīng)”。八脈名稱分別說明如下：Theeightextrameridians,differentfromthetwelveregularmeridians,arecalledtheextrameridiansinshort.Theirnomenclatureisexplainedasfollows.奇經(jīng)八脈EightExtraMeridians督脈GovernorVessel(Du)任脈ConceptionVessel(Ren)沖脈ThoroughfareVessel(Chong)帶脈BeltVessel(Dai)陽蹺脈YangHeelVessel(Yangqiao)陰蹺脈YinHeelVessel(Yinqiao)陽維脈YangLinkVessel(Yangwei)陰維脈YinLinkVessel(Yinwei)1、督脈Du（GovernorVessel）Meridian“督”，有督率的意思，因這條經(jīng)脈循行于背部正中，督率諸陽經(jīng)。Dumeansgoverning.Runningalongthemidlineoftheback,theDu（GovernorVessel）Meridiangovernsalltheyangmeridians.督脈-陽脈之海GovernorVessel(DuMeridian)------theSeaoftheyangmeridians2、任脈RenMeridian（ConceptionVessel）“任”，有妊養(yǎng)、擔(dān)任的意義，因這條經(jīng)脈循行于腹部正中，有總?cè)稳黻幗?jīng)的作用。Renmeansfosteringandresponsibility.Goingalongthemidlineoftheabdomen,theRen（ConceptionVessel）Meridianisresponsibleforalltheyinmeridians.

任脈-陰脈之海ConceptionVessel(RenMeridian)–---theSeaoftheyinmeridians3、沖脈

ChongMeridian(ThoroughfareVessel)“沖”，意指要沖(交通要道)，因這條經(jīng)脈主通行十二經(jīng)之氣血，稱為“十二經(jīng)脈之?！薄hongmeansavitalpass.Atitregulatestheflowofqiandbloodinthetwelveregularmeridians,theChongMeridianiscalled“theseaofthetwelveprimarymeridians.”

4、帶脈DaiMeridian

（BeltVessle）“帶”，意指腰帶，因這條經(jīng)脈橫于腰腹，主約束諸經(jīng)。Daimeansagirdle.TheDaiMeridiangoesaroundthewaist,bindingupallthemeridians.

5、陽蹺脈YangqiaoMeridian

6、陰蹺脈YinqiaoMeridian“蹺”，是足跟的意思，其起于外踝下者稱陽蹺，起于內(nèi)踝下者稱陰蹺。Qiaomeanstheheel.YangqiaoMeridianstartsfrombelowtheexternalmalleolus;YinqiaoMeridianstartsfrombelowtheinternalmalleolus.7、陽維脈YangweiMeridian

8、陰維脈YinweiMeridian

“維”，是網(wǎng)維和維系的意思，陽維主網(wǎng)維、聯(lián)絡(luò)一身在表之陽；陰維主維系、聯(lián)絡(luò)一身在里之陰。Weidenotesconnectionandnetwork.TheYangweiMeridianconnectsandnetworkstheexterioryangofthewholebody；theYinweiMeridianconnectsandnetworkstheinterioryinofthewholebody.三、十二經(jīng)別ThetwelvedivergentmerdiainsBranchoutfromthetwelveregularmeridians.Mainlydistributedonthechest,abdomenandhead.Function:connectinternally-exterallyrelatedmeridiansstrengthentheirrelationwiththezang-fuorgansserveastheextensionofregularmeridiansDistrivution:Derivefromtheregularmeridiansattheregionsoffourlimbs;Enterthethoracicandabdominalcavities;TheYinandYangdivergentmeridiansrunparallellyinsidethebodyand

emerge

fromtheneck;Intheheadregion,theYindivergentmeridiansconnect

theYangdivergentmeridiansandthenjointheregularYangmeridians.Key:Thetwelvedivergentmeridianscanbepairedintosixconfluencesaccordingtotheirinternalandexternalrelationship.Mainlyrundeeperinthebody,supplementthepathwaythattheregularmeridiansdonotreach.Therearenopointslocatedonthem.四、十五絡(luò)脈

ThefifteencollateralsThefifteencollateralsinclude:thetwelvecollateralsseparatingfromthetwelveregularmeridiansthecollateralsoftheRenthecollateralsoftheDuthemajorcollateralofthespleenFunction:Theirfunctionistoconnecttheexternally-internallyrelatedmeridiansandtransportthelocalqiandbloodsoastopromotethefreecirculationofqiandbloodofthemeridians.Distribution:Thefifteencollateralsdistributedsuperficiallyoverthefourlimbsandintheanterior,posteriorandlateralaspectsofthebody.EachofthecollateralshasaLuo-Connectingpoint,pertainingtothemeridianwhereitderives.Thecollateralsonthefourlimbsnotonlyruntotheexternally-internallyrelatedmeridiansbutalsopossessothertributaries.collateralsonthetrunkcollateraloftheRenmeridiancollateraloftheDumeridianthemajorcollateralofthespleendisperseintheabdominalregiondispersesintheheadandjointswiththeBladdermeridianonthebackdispersesinthechestandhypochondriumMinuteCollateralsand（浮絡(luò)）

SuperficialCollaterals（孫絡(luò)）Besidesthefifteencollaterals,therearemanysmallerbranchesandsubbrancheswhicharecalledMinuteCollateralsandSuperficialCollateralsrespectively.Theyaredistributedalloverthebody,possessingthefunctionoftransportingqiandbloodtothebodysurface.五、十二經(jīng)筋ThetwelvemuscleregionsThemuscleregionsarethesiteswheretheqiandbloodofthemeridiansnourishthemusclesandtendons.Similartothetwelveregularmeridians,theyarealsodividedintothreehandyinandthreehandyang,threefootyinandthreefootyang.Theypossessthefunctionofconnectingallthebonesandjointsofthebodyandmaintainingthenormalrangeofmotion.Distributionof

themuscleregions:Originatingfromtheextremitiesofthelimbs.Ascendingtotheheadandtrunk.Donotreachzangandfuorgans.Indications(經(jīng)筋主病):Inthetreatmentofdiseases,theMuscleRegionsaremainlyindicatedinmuscularproblems,suchastheBisyndrome,contracture,stiffness,spasmandmuscularatrophy.InChapter13ofMiraculousPivot,itsays,“Wherethereispain,thereisanacupoint.”Thatmeansmuscleproblemscanbetreatedbyneedlingthelocalpoints.經(jīng)筋主病主要有痹痛、拘攣、強(qiáng)急、轉(zhuǎn)筋、痿軟等?！鹅`樞》“以痛為輸”，即筋病的治療是以就近取穴為主。六、十二皮部

TheTwelveCutaneousRegionsThetwelvecutaneousregionsrefertothesitesthroughwhichtheqiandbloodofthemeridiansaretransferredtothebodysurface.InChapter56ofPlainQuestions,itsays,”TheCutaneou