10SmartPortTrends2030-2050

BASEDON6YEARSOFSMARTPORTRESEARCHINCOOPERATIONWITHVARIOUSKNOWLEDGE

smartport.nl

INSTITUTESANDUNIVERSITIESANDMORETHAN400COMPANIES.

SmartPortisapartnershipbetweenthePortof

Thetransitiontothebestandsmartestportcan

RotterdamAuthority,Deltalinqs,theMunicipality

onlysucceedifallpartiesinvolvedjointlyput

ofRotterdam,TNO,Marin,Deltares,Erasmus

forwardsolutionsforchangesinthefuture.We

UniversityRotterdamandDelftUniversityof

areconvincedthatthegreatestimpactin

Technology.Byinspiring,initiatingandentering

knowledgedevelopmentisbasedonspecific

intoalliances,SmartPortstimulatesandfinances

demandsfromthemarketandthatthebest

scientificresearchforandbythecompaniesin

resultsareachievedbymakingthemostofthe

thePortofRotterdam,incollaborationwith

cooperationbetweentradeandindustry,

knowledgeinstitutions.

governmentsandscience.

Itisaboutdeveloping,sharingandusingknowledgebasedononecollectiveambition.

www.smartport.nl|LinkedIn:smartportrdam|Twitter:SmartPortRdam|Instagram:smartportrdam

SMARTPORTPARTNERS

WITHCONTRIBUTION

10SMARTPORTTRENDS2030-2050

Authors:

DirkKoppenolPhD,AniqueKuijpersMSc,MelValiesMScandWiebedeBoerMSc(SmartPort)

5

FOREWORD

‘thesmartestport’

ThePortofRotterdamAuthorityfoundedSmartPortinApril2015togetherwiththeErasmusUniversityRotterdam,DelftUniversityofTechnology,MunicipalityofRotterdamandDeltalinqs.TNO,DeltaresandMarinlaterjoinedaspartnerstostrengthentheexpertisewithinSmartPort.AsaknowledgehubforthePortofRotterdam,SmartPorthasonemainobjective:knowledgedevelopmentfortheportofthefuture(2030-2050)basedonquestionsfromwithintheRotterdambusinesscommunityandtoaccelerateinnovation.Sixyearsafteritsfoundation,wecanlookbackonasuccessfulcollaboration,inwhichaddedvaluewascreatedforallpartiesinthetriplehelix(government,businessandscience).

Morethan100studieshavebeenconductedincollaborationwithover400companies.Jointscenariosoftheporthavebeenmappedout,includingthesteppingstonesneededtogetthere.Inaddition,SmartPorthasdevelopedscenariosforacceleratingtheenergytransition,developedtoolstobettervisualisetheinfrastructurereinforcementoptionsanddemonstratedwhereopportunitiesexistfornewclusterdevelopmentintheport.SmartPorthasalsoformedthebasisforanintegratedvisionofchallengesintheport,fromwhichcompanieshaveparticularlybenefited.Forexample,SmartPorttookanimportantfirststepinthedevelopmentofanintegratedhydrogenvision(CEODinner-HydrogenHubRotterdam;2018).SmartPortalsosignalledtheurgencyforanintegratedviewofportdevelopmentbasedonvariousstudies.Thishasensuredthatresearchisbeingconductedwithaconsortiumintothespatialchallengeoftheportandtheusefulnessandnecessityofportinfilland/orexpansion.

Thetrendsdescribedinthisreportare–lookingattheobjectiveofSmartPort–actuallyanaddedbonus!Basedonthe100surveys,itispossibletodeterminethe10mostimportanttrendsfortheport.Bythismeans,RotterdamistakinganextrasteptowardsbecomingtheSmartestPort:aportwherecooperation,knowledgeexchangeandinnovationarecentral.

Ihopethatonthebasisofthesetrends,thediscussionaboutthefutureoftheportwillbestrengthenedandthattheportbusinesscommunitywillencouragemoreintensivecooperationwitheachother,thegovernmentandacademia.

ViviennedeLeeuw

CFO,PortofRotterdamAuthoritySmartPortboardchairperson

6

INTRODUCTION

AsthebusiestportinEuropeandthesecond-largestpetrochemicalcluster,thePortofRotterdamisaworld-classplayer.Morethan3,500companiesareactiveinRotterdam‘cityandport’.Theseaccountformorethan384,500jobsand6.2%oftheaddedvalueintheNetherlands.1However,thedevelopmentsthattheportwillencounterrequirearadicalchangeofcourse.Inordertobenefitandnotsufferfromtherapiddigitisationandautomation,theenergytransitionandclimatechange,adifferentmindsetisneeded.The10trendsinthisreportshowthelatestknowledgeofthefutureofthePortofRotterdambasedonSmartPortresearchandaimtoaccelerateinnovationandsharpentheknowledgeagenda!

Theportisonthemoveinallitsaspects.Theincreaseinscaleinlogisticsandtheemergenceof(booking)platformsareputtingcurrentrevenuemodelsandthemarketunderpressure.Furthermore,theCO2reductiontargets(ParisClimateAgreement)andphasingouttheuseofpetrochemicalproductshavefar-reachingconsequencesfortherefineries,petrochemicalindustryandstorageinRotterdam.Inaddition,climatechangecausesextremeperiodsofhighandlowwaterontheRhine–theaortaofthePortofRotterdam–whichputspressureoninlandshippingtraffic.

Rotterdamcannotwait,butmustbeproactiveinordertobenefitfromthetrendsthattheportwillbefacing.Forexample,therearegreatopportunitiesforRotterdamtobecomeavirtualdirectorofworldwidethroughput.Theproduction,storageandtranshipmentofcleanfuels,suchashydrogenandgreensyntheticfuels,alsooffersopportunitiestotransformRotterdamintoagreenfuelcluster.Rotterdamcanalsotakealeadingroleindealingwithclimatechange,forexamplethroughdigitisationandgreening.

TheindependentknowledgehubSmartPortwasestablishedin2015togaininsightintotheissuesfacingtheportbusinesscommunityinRotterdam.Thefactsandfiguresoftheensuingstudieshaveprovidedawealthofdemand-drivenknowledgeabouttheopportunitiesforRotterdam.Inthisreport,themorethan100studieshavebeenscaledbacktorevealthe10mostimportanttrendsoftoday*thatwillaffectthePortofRotterdamandoffermajoropportunitiesforportbusinessuntil2050.ThesetrendsdescribedevelopmentsthatareoccurringnowandwhereRotterdammustmakespecificchoicesinorderto(continueto)benefitfromthis.Wehopethatyouwillfindthisinspiringandpleasanttoread!

*SmartPortresearchmustmeetfiveconditions:itmustbeprecompetitive,meetscientificstandards,besupportedbyatleasttwocompaniesactiveinthePortofRotterdam,fitinwiththepredefinedRoadmapsandhaveafocuson2030-2050.Thetrendsbasedonthisareasnapshotandmay,ofcourse,changeovertimeinstrengthandform.FlexibilityisparamountfortheSmartPortknowledgeagenda,andwearealwaysopentoaddingnewpromisingtrends.

7

EXTERNALDEVELOPMENTS2030-2050

Digitisation,AutomationEnergyTransitionClimateChange

PortofRotterdam

SMARTPORTTRENDS:

opportunitiesforthePortofRotterdam2030-2050

Figure1

Companiesallovertheworldareconfrontedwithdigitisation,automation,theenergytransitionandclimatechange.Thesearedevelopmentsthatcanthreatencurrentbusinessmodelsbutalsooffergreatopportunities.SmartPort'sresearchfocusesspecificallyontheportbusinesscommunitythatisactiveinandaroundthePortofRotterdam.Withonegoal:toidentifynewbusinessopportunitiesandtherebyaccelerateinnovation.Basedonmorethanhundredstudiesinthepast6years,wehaveidentifiedthe10mostimportanttrends.EachofthesearedevelopmentsthatofferopportunitiesspecificallyfortheRotterdamportbusinesscommunity.

8

9

CONTENTS

Trend1

Growthinonlineplatformtechnologieswithinthelogistics

10

Growthoftransportviaalternativeroutes

12

Increasingspatialchallenge

13

Self-organisinggoods

15

Self-organising(sea-goingvessel)hub(s)

16

Intelligentinlandcorridor

17

(DigitalTwin)

17

Riseandgrowthofsustainablefuels

18

Large-scaleindustrialelectrificationandhydrogenintegration

20

Emergenceoflifecyclemanagement

22

WhatwillRotterdam’ssourceofincomebein2050?

25

Acknowledg

ements

26

Endnotes27

10

TREND1

Growthinonlineplatform

technologieswithinthe

logistics

Theonlineplatformmodelasanincentivefordata-drivenlogisticswherevaluepropositionsfrom(traditional)logisticsplayersarevariable.

Platformtechnologiesturnexistingmarketsupsidedownbyusingnewbusinessandrevenuemodels.Take,forexample,thelargesthotelbookingplatform(B)ortaxicompany(Uber).Whattheseplatformshaveincommonisthattheyenteramarketbuthavenoassets.Thelargesttaxicompanyintheworlddoesnothaveitsowntaxis,thehotelbookingplatformdoesnothaveitsownhotels.

Inthelogisticsworld,bookingplatformsarealsogainingground2,forexampleCogoportandFlexport.Whatdoestheemergenceoftheseplatformsmeanforthelogisticsworld?Platformsareontherise,butthedisruptiveeffectofplatformmodelsonthelogisticssectorisstillunclear.

Tounderstandthedisruptiveeffectofplatforms,SmartPort,togetherwithTNO,ErasmusUniversityRotterdamandFenex,initiatedasurveyoftheimpactofbookingplatformsonthefreightforwardingmarket3.Digitallytransformedtraditionalfreightforwardersandthedigitalfreightforwardersbringawidevarietyintransportcapacity,end-to-endvisibilityandcoordinationoflogisticsschedules.Thissurveycanserveasabasisforinitiatingadiscussionoftherolesandpositionsofcompaniesinfuturechainsandwhatyouasacompanyneedforthis.Italsoraisesthequestionaboutsharingdatawithplatforms.Whichdatadoyoudaretoshareandwhichnot?

Theadvanceofonlineplatformsinthelogisticssectorisunstoppable.Parties’activitiesmaybroadenwithinthechain.Willalogisticscompanystillhavelogisticsassetsinthefuture?Inthatcase,whoisinchargeoftheassets?Willthelargemaritimecompaniesstillhavevesselsinthefuture?Thesedigitalplatformshaveanimpactoncurrentlogisticschainsandcompanies.Companiesorcertainactivitieschangedrasticallyorevendisappear.

11

12

TREND2

Growthoftransportviaalternativeroutes

Newcompetitioninfreighttransportisgrowingrapidly,andalternativeroutestothehinterlandofRotterdamareemerging.WhatdoesthismeanforRotterdam'spositionasagatewaytoEurope?

ThePortofRotterdamhadarecordyearincontainerthroughputin2018and2019duetothecapacityatthedeep-seaterminals,excellenthinterlandconnectionsandinvestmentsin(digital)infrastructure4.Theporthasaleadingpositionandwantstofurtherstrengthenthisbybeingabetter,fasterandsmarterport5.ButwhatimpactdodevelopmentsinotherEuropeanportshaveontheactivitiesandstrengthofthePortofRotterdam?SeveralalternativeroutestoinlandEuropearestartingtobecomeeconomicallyattractive.Forexample,ChinaisinvestingheavilyintheBeltandRoadinitiative6(BRI),whereinvestmentsarenotonlymadeinthesouthernEuropeanports,butalsoinarailconnectiontoEuropeaninlandports.TheinlandportscanserveasgatewaystoEuropeviatheserailways.Inaddition,thepolarroutealsoseemstohavegreatpotential.Itwasrecentlyannouncedthatthisrouteisbecomingincreasinglymorenavigable.7WhatdoesthisdevelopmentmeanforRotterdamasagatewaytoEurope?

Recently,Duisburg,thelargestEuropeaninlandterminal,hasdevelopedasanimportantcontainermainport.About30percentoftradebetweenEuropeandChinaistransportedbyfreighttrainviaDuisburg.ToexplorethedevelopmentsofthisBeltandRoadconnection,SmartPortinitiatedastudyincollaborationwithErasmusUniversityRotterdam.8ThestudyshowswhichdevelopmentsinDuisburginfluencetheuniquepointsofsaleofRotterdamasaMainport.WhileDuisburgisstronglycommittedasalogisticshubbyfacilitatinginfrastructureandgoods,Rotterdamisequallycommittedasaninnovativeandlogisticsknowledgecentre.Inthisrespect,itisimportantthatRotterdamcloselymonitorsthedevelopmentsofDuisburgatitsuniquepointsofsale.BecausenotonlydevelopmentsinDuisburgaffectthePortofRotterdam,butalsodevelopmentsinsouthernEuropeanportsoralternativeroutedevelopments(polarroute,Trans-Siberianrailway).9TheEuropeanportplayingfieldissubjecttochange,andthisraisesquestionssuchas:WhatagreementsaretherewithothermajorEuropeanseaports,suchasPortofAntwerp-Bruges,PortofHamburgandNorthSeaPort?WhichaspectscanRotterdamapplytodistinguishitself?

TheBRIresearchprovidesinsightintothedevelopments,challengesand,perhapsmoreimportantly,theopportunitiesofthePortofRotterdam.WhatwillchangeforthePortofRotterdamandthecompanies?WhatopportunitiescannewcollaborationsbetweenEuropeanportsoffer?Howcancurrentassetsbeusedforapossiblynewbusinessmodel?Becausethetrainisrunning;thequestioniswhatknowledgeandstrategicprovisionsthePortofRotterdamshouldtakeonboard.

13

TREND3

Increasingspatialchallenge

ToenabletheenergytransitioninthePortofRotterdam,companiesneedmorephysical,socialandenvironmentalspace.Thisspaceisbecomingincreasinglyscarce.

WhenMaasvlakte2wasofficiallyputintousein2013,onethingwascleartoeveryone:forthetimebeing,noportexpansionwasneededanytimesoon.10Withtheincreaseintheportareaby20%(1000hectaresnet),thePortofRotterdamwasonceagainwellwithinitslimits.Anditstillis.Butforhowlong?Theenergytransitionisacceleratingtheneedforstrategicphysicalspace.Tomeetthegovernment'sCO2reductiontargets,companiesareworkinghardonplanstomakeprocessesmoresustainableandthereareopportunitiesforthedevelopmentofanewsustainableindustrialcluster.Thisrequiresextraspaceforboth(energy)infrastructureandindustry.

Spaceisneededfortheconstructionofinfrastructure.Newrawmaterialsflowthroughtheportandexistingonesincrease(hydrogenandCO2).11Thecurrenttransportofelectricity,forexample,isalsoincreasing,withanindustryfocusingonCO2reductionandthereforehavingtoelectrifyprocesses.Thiscreatesanenormousincreaseinbothelectricitydemandandconsumption.Someexpertsassumeanincreaseofafactorof10,othersevenof20.Thisrequiresagreatdealofextra‘copperwire’intheportofRotterdam.InNovember2020,SmartPort,companies,relevantgridoperators,governmentsandknowledgeinstitutesTUDelftandTNOjoinedforces(GridmasterHICresearchproject).12TheaimistodevelopadynamicscenarioplannerthatcanhelpinthediscussionwiththerelevantRotterdampartiestojointlyachieveawell-functioningnetwork(Gridmaster).

Inadditiontospaceforenergyinfrastructure,spaceisalsoneededtodevelopasustainableindustrialcluster.Thequestionis,howmuch?TheE-Fuelsstudy(2020),conductedbyTNO,calculatedthisforafuelclusterthatfocusesentirelyone-methanol(producedwithgreenelectricity,hydrogenandCO2).13Conclusion:uptoapproximately600hectaresofextraspaceisneededby2050.Togiveanideaofhowmuchspacethatis,600hectaresisanareaalmostaslargeastheBotlekor2/3ofMaasvlakte2.BeforeitisclearwhichvolumesandcompositionswillpredominateintheRotterdamPortIndustrialComplex(HIC)inthelongerterm,muchdependsonvariablesandthechoicesthataremade.Inaddition,theavailablesocialandenvironmentalspace(forexample,thenitrogenandPFASissues)and,inthelongterm,the(climate)adaptationspacealsoplayanimportantroleinthechoicesthatcanbemade.

Developingspaceforcompaniesisoneofthemaintasksofaport.Theenergytransitionnowpresentsanextrachallenge.Itrequiresrelevantbuildingupofnewactivitieswhileatthesametimeotheractivitieshavetobemodifiedandphasedout.Thismakesforatrickypuzzleundertheinfluenceoftime.ItispreciselythispuzzlethatSmartPortwillinvestigatetogetherwiththePortofRotterdamAuthority,Deltalinqsandrefineries.14Theaimistoexplorewiththeport’sbusinesssector,andbasedonpossiblescenarios,whatthehectaredevelopmentwilllooklikeintheperiodupto2050.Thisjointfact-findingcreatesajointpictureoftheimpactofcompanies'wishesandchoicesontheuseofspaceintheport.ThisresearchisthefirststepingaininginsightintothespatialissueofthePortofRotterdamandshouldhelptoanswerquestionssuchas‘isaMaasvlakte3needed?’

15

TREND4

Self-organisinggoods

Withthedevelopmentssurroundingdigitisationandautomation,therouteisnolongerdeterminedbythemodalitybutbythecargothatwillorganiseitselfthroughthechain.

Inrecentyears,therehasbeenashiftinmanagementwithinlogisticschains.Wherethefocususedtobeonthechainlevel,suchassynchromodaltransport15,16(offeringanintegratedtransportsolutionbyutilisingthevariousmodalities),andthemodality17,itisnowshiftingtomanagementatcontainerlevel.In2019,thePortofRotterdamAuthoritypresented‘Container42’18.Thissmartcontainerisequippedwithsensorsandotherequipmenttofillincustomsforms,measurecargoexperienceandcommunicatewithotherportoperations(e.g.acrane).Ontheonehand,thedatafromthecontainersenablemoreefficientmanagementandadditionalservices,andontheother,logisticschainsasawholeareoptimisedthroughtheefficientuseofsmartcontainers19.

Withthefurtherscalingupofthemodalitiesandthecontainers,afirststepisbeingtakentowardscontrolatcargolevel.ProjectssuchasIoT4Agri20showhowaddedvalueisofferedtocompaniesandauthorities.Sensorsoncontainersofferthepossibilitytointerveneinthelogisticsprocessorchainbasedonreal-timedata(qualityofproductsovertime21,processcompletion,anotherroute).Digitisationandautomationofferopportunitiesinwhichcargosareorganisedthroughoutthenetworkandarriveattherightplaceviathemostoptimalroute.22Itisnottheplannerorthecarrierbutthecargoitselfthatdetermineswherethecargoshouldgo.HowthecargoarrivesattherightplaceandattherighttimeisdiscussedinthePhysicalInternetproject.Thisprojectprovidesanexampleofhowcargoscanbetransportedmoreefficientlyandhowinfrastructuralnetworkscanbebetterused.Tocontrolcargo,partiesinthechainhavetobeabletorespondtochangesinthechain.HowthepartiesinvolvedcanrespondmoreefficientlytochangesinthechainisbeinginvestigatedintheSwarmPort23,forexample.Byplanningatgoodslevel,alotofinformationisavailableatlocallevel,whichcreateslocalintelligence.Controlatcargoleveloffersaddedvalue,ascompaniesthatshipgoodsinternationallyarelookingforreliability,speedandcertainty.

Inthemovetowardsalogisticssystemwheregoodsorganisethemselvesthroughthechain,fourfollow-upstepscanbeformulated.(1)Demonstratingtheaddedvalueofcontrolatcargolevel,companylevelandsystemlevel.(2)Determiningthetransitionroutehowdifferentcompaniesdeviseascheduleatgoodslevel.(3)Settingupmanagementstrategiesforgoodsatchainleveland(4)gaininginsightintotheavailability,reliabilityandsecurityofdatasharing.Controllingcargoisnotonlydependentontheavailabilityofdata.Itcanalsobesubjecttothemarketandwhatthecustomerdemandis.Take,forexample,e-commerce.Thesedevelopmentsarecrucialwhenitcomestocargomanagement,butisthatnotthedrivingforcebehindthelogisticstrendabove?

16

TREND5

Self-organising(sea-goingvessel)

hub(s)

Seamlesslyconnectingwater,roadandrailbymakinglocalinformationavailableandtherebymakinglogisticsprocessesmoreefficientandsustainable(SeamlessPort).

ThestrongdevelopmentofdigitisationandautomationofthePortofRotterdamoffersopportunitiestomakelogisticschainsmoresustainable,reliableandcompetitive.Forexample,theAPMTerminalsandRotterdamWorldGateway(RWG)locatedinRotterdamarealreadythemostautomatedcontainerterminalsintheworld.AnotherexampleistheContainerExchangeRoute24onMaasvlakte2,wherelogisticsfacilitiesareconnectedviaaspecialinfrastructurebymeansofautonomousvehicles.Localinformationenableslogisticsprocesseswithinthefencestorunautonomously.Thiscanevenbeenhancedbyapplyingsmartalgorithmsinthelogisticschain.Artificialintelligence(hereinafterAI)can,forexample,helptocoordinatethecoordinationoftheactivitiesofaterminalwithinlandvessels,takingwaterwaywaterlevelsintoaccount.Fromasystemsperspective,AIoffersopportunitiesforfurtherdevelopingaself-organisinglogisticssystem.Localinformationisusedtomakepredictionsthatmakethenetworkmorerobust.

Twoprojectsthatfocusonself-organisationareSOLport25andReimaginingLogisticswithAutonomousTrucking26.TheSOLportprojectinvestigatedwhataself-organisingsystemmeansforlogisticspartiesandwhatthepossibleadvantagesanddisadvantagesare.The‘ReimaginingLogisticswithAutonomousTrucking’projectexaminesthesocialimpactaswellasthetechnicalimpactofsmartalgorithms.Inshort,whattheimpactisofAIonbusinessmodelsandhumans.Soinsteadoftraditionalplanningoftruckjourneys,thereisanewapproachwithdynamicplanningbasedonreal-timeinformationandalgorithms,wheretrucksschedulethemselves.Whatwillbetheplanner'sresponsibility?Andwhoisliableifthingsgowrong;thealgorithmorthehuman?

Aself-organising(maritime)hubofferscompaniesopportunitiestoincreasethereliabilityandrobustnessofthelogisticsprocess,createaseamlessport(predictETA)andchoosesustainabletransportoptions.

Inlogistics,manyorganisationsworktogethertoensurethatgoodsaredeliveredundertherightconditions,attherighttimeandattherightlocation.Anumberoffollow-upstepsarerequiredtoarriveataself-organisingsysteminwhichlogisticsprocessesareautonomouslycontrolled.(1)Collaborationbetweenthecompanies,(2)furtherrefiningessentialandreliabledataand(3)settinguppilotswithvariouschainpartiestoinvestigatetheimpactoftechnologiesonbusinessmodels,organisationalandsociallevel.

17

TREND6

Intelligentinlandcorridor

(DigitalTwin)

TheRotterdaminlandshippingcorridorisbecomingsmarterbyusingsmartalgorithmstoconnectknowledgeaboutwatermovement,infrastructureandshippinglogistics.

ThesmarterinlandshippingcorridorisbecomingincreasinglyimportantduetoincreasingcompetitionfromportslikeHamburgandAntwerp,andtheexpansionoflandtransportandtransportviathesouthernEuropeanports(i.e.theBeltandRoadInitiative).Since2015,SmartPorthasbeendevelopingstudiesonoptimisinghinterlandconnections,withtheaimoffindinganswerstothequestion:Whatdoesittaketobecomeaseamlessport?Forexample,researchprojectssuchasSynchrogamingchallengedplannersofchainpartnerstomakesmarterchoicesbetweenroad,waterandrail.Theaimwastoreducedelaysandloweremissions.27Effortswerealsomadetoimprovedatacollectionofthedepthofrivers.Forexample,togetherwithCoVadem,weworkedonoptimisinginlandvesseldatastreams,sothatintheorythedepthofthewaterwayscanbemeasured24/7,withoutadditionaluseofmeasuringvessels.28Findingoptimalroutesforinlandvesselsrequiresbothlogisticsandenvironmentaldata(e.g.futurewaterlevel,waterdepth,etc).

TheresearchprojectClimateChangeandInlandNavigation(2017-2021)showshowhistoricaldatafromboththeenvironment(depth,currents,bridges,locks,etc)andlogistics(locationofvessels,sailingtimes,etc)giveenormousaddedvaluetocompaniesandgovernments.29Bypredictingwhatclimatechangewilldotowaterlevels(duringbothdroughtandheavyprecipitation),strategicadvicecanbegivenaboutinterventionsintheriver,fleetcompositionandloadingfactor.Thisprojectgaverisetoadigitaltwinofthewaterways–adigitalreplicaofreality–thatcanbeusedforstrategicissues.Thefirstapplicationforthiswasplanningthe‘best’routeforDanserandNPRCinlandvessels.30

Thenextstepistoarriveatastrategicandoperationalapplicationwithwhichcompaniescanworkinpracticebasedonreal-timedata,modelsimulationsandself-learningalgorithms.SmartPortwillworkon3goalswithintheFlagshipproject‘ArtificialIntelligenceanddatasharing’:(1)improvingthedigitaltwinbyfocusingondatapurity,(2)establishingshowcases&simulationswithcompaniesinthechainand(3)strengtheningcooperationbetweengovernmentandbusinesstoincreasesupportforasmartcorridor.31

18

TREND7

Riseandgrowthofsustainablefuels

Theimportanceofreductionofemissionsfromheavytransportwithtrucksandinlandshippingandfromindustrialprocesseswithhightemperaturesisbecomingmoreandmorearequirement,andtheimportanceofthedevelopmentofnewsustainablefuelsisincreasing.

Intheperiod2008-2019,stepshavealreadybeentakentomakeinlandshipping(-12%CO2emissions)androadtransport(-10%CO2emissions)moreefficientandsustainable.32However,theclimatetargets(55%reductionin2030,98%in2050)willnotbeachievedbyimprovingefficiencyalone.33GreenDealshavethereforebeenconcludedsince2011toacceleratethestepstowards2030and2050.34Thefirststeptoreduceemissionsinthetransportsectorisinmanycasesdriving/sailingelectrically(incombinationwithhydrogen).Forexample,ahydrogentractorhasbeeninoperationinthePortofRotterdamsince2020andstepsarebeingtakentomakehydrogeninlandvesselspossible.35Inaddition,DAFandotherOEMs(truckbuilders)haveagreednottobuildtrucksthatrunonfossilenergyfrom2040.36Althoughthecostsofhydrogenandfuelcelltechnologyarestilltoohigh(approx300%toohighcomparedtocurrenttechniques)andlacksagoodtankinfrastructure,itoffersalotofpotentialforthefuture.However,theseoptionsdonotprovidetherequiredpowerforalltransport.37Forexample,long-distancetransportbyroad(from1000km)orsea-goingandinlandvesselsthathavetosailupstreamforalongtime.Oneo