學(xué)年度下學(xué)期高二2月收心考試高二英語(yǔ)試卷試卷滿(mǎn)分：分注意事項(xiàng)：答題前，先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在試卷和答題卡上，并將準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無(wú)效。非選擇題的作答：用黑色簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫(xiě)在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無(wú)效。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題分，滿(mǎn)分分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)，每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的、、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)僅讀一遍。1.Wherearethespeakersmostprobablynow?A.Nearatheater.B.Atabusstation.C.Inarestaurant.2.Whyisthemanspeakingtothewoman?A.expressthanks.B.confirminformation.C.aninvitation.3.Howdoesthewomansound?A.Confused.B.Disappointed.C.Excited.4.Whenwillthemanexerciseinthegymprobably?A.At7pm.B.At9pm.C.At9am.5.Whatisthewomandoingprobably?A.anexam.B.AttendinganC.agame.第二節(jié)（共小題；每小題分，滿(mǎn)分分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的、、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，第1頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第、7題。6.Whatdoesthemansuggestdoingthisweekend?A.Doingsomesports.B.Seeingamovie.C.Enjoyinglivemusic.7.WhywillthewomancontactJames?Aaskforadvice.B.setupagroup.C.booktickets.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第、9題。8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Acar.B.Amotorbike.C.Acase.9.Whodesignedtheinvention?A.Adriver.B.Afarmer.C.Ascientist.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第至題。10.Whatisthemangoingtodo?A.PutonaB.Gotoaconcert.C.Giveamusicclass.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutAlex?A.He’shonest.B.He’sanxious.C.He’sconfident.12.Whowillsingasongtonight?A.Zoe.B.Steve.C.Alex.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第至題。13.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Colleagues.C.Strangers.14.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.He’sathome.B.He’sawriter.C.He’soptimistic.15.Whatistheprobableproblemwiththeman’sputer?A.It’sinfectedwithavirus.B.It’srunoutofmemory.C.It’stoo16.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Clickonthe“W”.B.theputerC.Readthewordsonthescreen.第2頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)聽(tīng)第段材料，回答第至題。17.HowlongdidthespeakervolunteerinBristol?A.Sixweeks.B.Fourweeks.C.weeks.18.WheredidthespeakerandKevinstaywhilevolunteering?A.Inahotel.B.Inalocalhome.C.Onacampsite.19.WhatdidKevindoinBristol?A.Heredecoratedoldpeople’shomes.B.Hecookedmealsforvolunteers.C.Hehelpedatafoodstore.20.Whatdidthespeakerenjoydoingduringtheexperience?A.Makingnewfriends.B.asachef.C.Learningnewlanguages.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分分）第一節(jié)（共小題；每小題分，滿(mǎn)分分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的、、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ASpendaSaturdaybeautifyingtheZoo.·(除雜草)andcleanuptoreducetheuseofharmfulpesticides.·MeetingnewpeoplefromdiversebackgroundswhoshareyourmitmenttoconservingtheEarth’splantandanimalspecies.·Sharingyourexpertiseanddevelopingnewskillsandinterests.·BeingpartofSanFranciscoZoo’shistory.·Gettingreally,reallydirty.Adultsandchildren.Adult:childratio(比例)mustbeatleast1adultper5children.Somethingwarmandfortablethatyoudon’tmindgettingdirty.TheZooprovidestoolsandworkgloves,butifyouhaveworkgloves,bringthemjustincase.Pleasewearstrongworkshoes.第3頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)aGroupsofallsizescansponsoraprivateRenewtheZoodayfortheirpanies.AtaCorporateRenewtheZooday,yourgroupworksasateamtopleteZooprojectsthatultimatelybenefitourBayAreamunity.Inadditiontohavingfunandbuildingteamspirit,yourgroupreceivesadmissiontotheZoo,lightmealsanddrinks,andfreeridecoupons(優(yōu)惠券).ZoohelpwitheacheventtomakesurethatyourgroupenjoysitsdayattheZoo.Pleasebeprompt(準(zhǔn)時(shí)的).willbeclosingthegatesat8:15.Nolateentriesareallowed.·Saturday,March9th,8am.·Saturday,June8th,8am.·Saturday,September14th,8am.·Saturday,November9th,8am.1.Whatarethevolunteersforthezooexpectedtodo?A.Conductanimalresearch.B.Organizefundraisingevents.C.Keepthezootidyandbeautiful.D.Sharethezoo’shistorywithtourists.2.Whatisaneedforchildvolunteersforthezoo?A.Theymustregisterinadvance.B.Theymustwearwarmgloves.C.Theymusttaketheirowntools.D.Theymustbeacpaniedbyadults.3.Whatwillthevolunteersfromsponsoringgroupsget?A.AvisittotheBayArea.B.Afunshowinthezoo.C.Somefreedrinksandfood.D.Discountedadmissiontickets.【答案】1.C2.D3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了舊金山動(dòng)物園招募周六志愿者的相關(guān)事宜?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“SpendaSaturdaybeautifyingtheZoo.(花一個(gè)星期六來(lái)美化動(dòng)物園。)”以及Participationmeans:中“(除雜草)andcleanuptoreducetheuseofharmfulpesticides(除草和清理，以減少有害農(nóng)藥的使用)”可知，志愿者在動(dòng)物園需要做的是除草和清理工作，也就是讓動(dòng)物園保持整潔和美麗。故選C項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】第4頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)Whocanvolunteer?中“Adultsandchildren.Adult:childratio(比例)mustbeatleast1adultper5children.(成人和兒童。成人與兒童的比例至少為1：5)”可知，可知，兒童志愿者必須有成人陪同。故選D項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SponsoringaCorporateRenewtheZooEvent部分的“Inadditiontohavingfunandbuildingteamspirit,yourgroupreceivesadmissiontotheZoo,lightmealsanddrinks,andfreeridecoupons(優(yōu)惠券).(除)”可知，贊助團(tuán)體的志愿者會(huì)得到進(jìn)入動(dòng)物園的機(jī)會(huì)、便餐和飲料以及免費(fèi)乘車(chē)優(yōu)惠券。故選C項(xiàng)。Bweredesigningawheelchairforacollegeengineeringcourseandmyclassmatesfeltonlysteelwouldbestrongenoughforthehandheldlevers(操作桿).Ibelievedaluminum(鋁)wouldbeabetteroption.Butthestudentwhomoststronglyadvocatedforsteelworkedatabikeshop;surelyIdidn’tknowbetter,havingusedmetalonlyforcrafts.Afewdayslater,whentheheavysteelarmkeptfalling,Ifeltvalidated.IhadbeenrightandIwishedIhadshownmoresteelyresolveindefendingmyposition.Iwasacraftykid.MyparentsalwayscamehomepreparedforwhatevercreativechaosIhadmadethatday—painting,claysculpting,sewinganimals,andmore.ButwhenIenrolledinengineeringincollege,Iputthesepursuitsaside.Ididn’tthinktheywererelevanttomyacademicworkandIhesitatedtohighlightmy“feminine”craftinginterestsinthemaledominatedengineeringenvironmentwhereIalreadyfeltlikeanoutsider.Itoldmyselfthatengineeringsufficientlyfedmycreativeside.Thewheelchairprojectsuggestedmycraftingmightbeimportant,butforthenextfewyearsIcontinuedtoavoidbringingitupinprofessionalspaces.WhenIwasbeinginterviewedforengineeringjobslaterandwasaskedwhetherImadethingsinmysparetime,Iwassuretheinterviewerswouldn’tcareaboutmyhomemadeholidaycards.Instead,Iexpressedmyinterestindoingmore3Dprinting.Thepanymethejob,soIfeltmyassumptionwasconfirmed.Myattitudedidn’tchangeuntilonedayIwasmakingasetofdice(骰子)asagiftforafriend.Whilepouringtheliquidresin(樹(shù)脂)intothemould,Isuddenlyrealizedthatresinartsharesthesamespiritandsomeoftheskillsofengineering.MaybemycraftingwassomethingIshouldwele.Sincethen,I’vebuiltcraftingbackintomyfreetime.I’vealsostoppedhidingitfrommycolleagues.ImentionedmydicemakingadventuresataroboticsconferenceandintroducedhowwecouldgaininspirationfromanartexperienceIhadrecentlyhadinameeting.Theresponseswereconsistentlypositiveandconstructive—not第5頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)dismissive(鄙視的),asIusedtofear.I’vegrownintoanengineerwithvaluableskillsgainedfrommyfirstpassion.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“validated”inparagraph1mean?A.Inspired.B.Confirmed.C.Disappointed.D.Acknowledged.5.Whatdoestheauthorintendtosayinparagraph2?A.Thereasonshechosetohideherhobby.B.Thechallengessheencounteredincollege.C.Herparents’impactonhercreativedevelopment.D.Herstrategyforbalancingcraftingandengineering.6.Whatmadetheauthorrealizethesignificanceofcraftingtoengineering?A.Herdicemaking.B.HerjobC.Thewheelchairproject.D.Theroboticsconference.7.Howdidtheauthor’scoworkersreactwhenshesharedhercraftingexperiences?ATheywereinterestedandjoinedher.B.Theywerecriticalandreactednegatively.C.Theywereconfusedanddidnotunderstandher.D.Theyweresupportiveandprovidedhelpfuladvice.【答案】4.B5.A6.A7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述作者在工程學(xué)習(xí)和工作中起初隱藏自己的手工愛(ài)好，后來(lái)意識(shí)到手工對(duì)工程有重要意義，分享手工經(jīng)歷也得到積極回應(yīng)?！?題詳解】weredesigningawheelchairforacollegeengineeringcourseandmyclassmatesfeltonlysteelwouldbestrongenoughforthehandheldlevers(操作桿).Ibelievedaluminum(鋁)wouldbeabetteroption.(我們當(dāng)時(shí)正在為大學(xué)工程課程設(shè)計(jì)一種輪椅，我的同學(xué)們覺(jué)得只有鋼的強(qiáng)度才夠做手持杠桿。我認(rèn)為鋁將是一個(gè)更好的選擇)”可知，對(duì)于選擇什么材料來(lái)做操作桿，作者和其他同學(xué)觀點(diǎn)不一致，結(jié)合劃線(xiàn)詞所在句“Afewdayslater,whentheheavysteelarmkeptfalling,Ifeltvalidated.IhadbeenrightandIwishedIhadshownmoresteelyresolveindefendingmyposition.(感到validated)”中“whentheheavy第6頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)steelarmkeptfalling”和“Ihadbeenrightvalidated”與“confirmed證實(shí)”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“ButwhenIenrolledinengineeringincollege,Iputthesepursuitsaside.Ididn’tthinktheywererelevanttomyacademicworkandIhesitatedtohighlightmy“feminine”craftinginterestsinthemaledominatedengineeringenvironmentwhereIalreadyfeltlikeanoutsider.(把這些愛(ài)好放在了一邊。我認(rèn)為它們與我的學(xué)業(yè)無(wú)關(guān)，而且在男性主導(dǎo)的工程環(huán)境中，我已經(jīng)覺(jué)得自己是個(gè)局外人，所以我猶豫是否要突出我‘女性化’的手工愛(ài)好)”可知，作者在第二段中解釋了她選擇隱藏自己手工愛(ài)好的原因。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Myattitudedidn’tchangeuntilonedayIwasmakingasetofdice(骰子)asagiftforafriend.Whilepouringtheliquidresin(樹(shù)脂)intothemould,Isuddenlyrealizedthatresinartsharesthesamespiritandsomeoftheskillsofengineering.(生了改變。當(dāng)我把液態(tài)樹(shù)脂倒入模具時(shí)，我突然意識(shí)到樹(shù)脂藝術(shù)與工程學(xué)有著相同的精神和一些技能)”可知，是做骰子這件事讓作者意識(shí)到手工對(duì)工程的重要性。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】Theresponseswereconsistentlypositiveandconstructive—notdismissive(鄙視的),asIusedtofear.(回應(yīng)一直是積極且有建設(shè)性的——不像我過(guò)去擔(dān)心的那樣遭到鄙視)”可知，作者的同事們對(duì)她分享手工經(jīng)歷是支持的，并給出了有用的建議。故選D項(xiàng)。CArelativenewerparedtoandInstagram,waslaunchedin2016andhassincegrowntoanaudienceofoveronebillionmonthlyactiveusers.Itsformat—short,shareablevideos—andaddictivealgorithm(算法)haveprovedparticularlypopularamongyoungerpeople.Accordingtoowndatainsights,theapphasseena410%increaseintravelcontentviewssince2021.contentcreatorEmmaCookethinksit’sthehonestyofvideosthatmakesthemperformwell.“Ifapictureisworth1000words,avideoisworth10,000,”shesays.“It’sveryhardtoedittheminthewayyoucouldimagine.travellersarelookingforauthenticity(真實(shí)性).”Morethan70%ofEuropeanaudiencesaythey’relikelytobookaholidaybasedon第7頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)remendationsthey’veseenontheplatform(平臺(tái)).Indeed,researchbyAdobefoundthatmorethan60%ofGenZAmericanshaveusedasasearchengine.Enteringasearchtermsuchas“topthingstodoinParis”willbringupendlessvideos,rankedbypopularityandthealgorithmwilladapttotheseinterestsnexttimeyousearch.attractsmanycontentcreators,whoseinsightscanbeinvaluablefortravellers.Buttheyalsohavethepotentialtocauseharm,attimesdirectingthousandsofvisitorstoplacesthatdon’thavetheinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)tosupport.Manydestinationshavefallenvictimtotheirownsuccess.Astudypublishedinajournalfoundthat,“Whilethetouristshelpedimprovetheeconomicsituation,theyalsobroughtandcrowding,puttingpressureoninfrastructure.”There’salsotheissueofthepromotionofunethical(不道德的)tourism.Responsibletravelisofkeeninteresttousers.ButwhenDrNataraLoose,anAmericanveterinarian,visitedMauritiusthisyear,shesaysshewas“shockedbythenumberofboatssellingtourstoswimwithdolphins,apracticeillegalinMauritiusbutspreadalloverForbetterorworse,it’scleartheplatform’sinfluenceontravelisenormous,particularlyamongyoungergenerationsanditisn’tgoinganywhereanytimesoon.8.WhatmakespopularaccordingtoEmmaCooke?A.Itslongervideos.B.Itsolderaudience.C.Itsfocusoneditedcontent.D.Itsvideocontent’sauthenticity.9.WhatdomostGenZAmericansuseasaccordingtothetext?A.Abookingplatformfortravelacmodations.B.Aplatformforsharingtravelphotosandvideos.C.Asearchenginefortravelremendations.D.Atoolforconnectingwithlocaltouroperators.10.Whatisapotentialnegativeconsequenceoftouristpromotions?A.Theymayovermercializetourism.B.Theymayovercrowdlocalinfrastructure.C.Theymaypreventsustainabletravelmodes.D.Theymayincreasetheriskofculturalsimilarity.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?A.HowbooststheeconomyB.WhymakesresponsibletravellersC.HowischangingthefaceoftravelD.Whatlearnsfromotherplatforms第8頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)【答案】8.D9.C10.BC【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了在旅游領(lǐng)域的巨大影響力，它因視頻內(nèi)容真實(shí)性受年輕人歡迎，但也可能帶來(lái)過(guò)度擁擠和不道德旅游推廣等問(wèn)題。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“contentcreatorEmmaCookethinksit’sthehonestyofvideosthatmakesthemperform)”以及她所說(shuō)的話(huà)“travellersarelookingforauthenticity(真實(shí)性上的旅行者在尋找真實(shí)性。)”可知，艾瑪·庫(kù)克認(rèn)為是視頻內(nèi)容的真實(shí)性讓它受歡迎。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Indeed,researchbyAdobefoundthatmorethan60%ofGenZAmericanshaveusedasasearchengine.Enteringasearchtermsuchas‘topthingstodoinParis’willbringupendlessvideos,rankedbypopularityandthealgorithmwilladapttotheseinterestsnexttimeyousearch.(事實(shí)上，Adobe60%的美國(guó)Z世代將用作搜索引擎。輸入諸如‘巴黎必做的頂級(jí)事情’這樣的搜索詞，將會(huì)出現(xiàn)無(wú)數(shù)視頻，按人氣排名，下次你搜索時(shí)，算法會(huì)根據(jù)這些興趣進(jìn)行調(diào)整)”可知，大多數(shù)美國(guó)Z世代將用作旅游推薦的搜索引擎。故選C項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Buttheyalsohavethepotentialtocauseharm,attimesdirectingthousandsofvisitorstoplacesthatdon’thavetheinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)tosupport.(但它們也有可能造成危害，有時(shí)會(huì)將數(shù)千名游客引向沒(méi)有相應(yīng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施支持的地方)”和第五段中“Whilethetouristshelpedimprovetheeconomicsituation,theyalsobroughtandcrowding,puttingpressureoninfrastructure.(雖然游客有助于改善經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況，但他們也帶來(lái)了交通擁堵問(wèn)題，給基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施帶來(lái)了壓力)旅游推廣的一個(gè)潛在負(fù)面后果是可能使當(dāng)?shù)鼗A(chǔ)設(shè)施過(guò)于擁擠。故選B項(xiàng)?！绢}詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“ArelativenewerparedtoandInstagram,waslaunchedin2016andhassincegrowntoanaudienceofoveronebillionmonthlyactiveusers.Itsformat—short,shareablevideos—andaddictivealgorithm(算法)haveprovedparticularlypopularamongyoungerpeople.Accordingtoowndatainsights,theapphasseena410%increaseintravelcontentviewssince2021.(與和Instagram相比，算是一個(gè)相對(duì)較新的平臺(tái)，它于2016年推出，此后每月活躍用戶(hù)已增長(zhǎng)到超過(guò)1億。它的形式——簡(jiǎn)短、可分享的視頻——以及讓人上癮的算法，在年輕人中尤其受歡迎。根據(jù)自第9頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)己的數(shù)據(jù)洞察，自2021年以來(lái)，該應(yīng)用上的旅游內(nèi)容瀏覽量增長(zhǎng)了410%)”以及最后一段“Forbetterorworse,it’scleartheplatform’sinfluenceontravelisenormous,particularlyamongyoungergenerationsanditisn’tgoinganywhereanytimesoon.(不管是好是壞，很明顯這個(gè)平臺(tái)對(duì)旅游的影響是巨大的，尤其是在年輕一代)也帶來(lái)一些問(wèn)題，正在改變旅游的面貌。C項(xiàng)“Howischangingthefaceoftravel(抖音如何改變旅游面貌)”能概括文章內(nèi)容，最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。DOverthepast40years,neuroscience(神經(jīng)科學(xué))researchershavebeguntobuildaremarkablyaccuratepictureofwhatexactlyhappensinthebrainduringadolescence(青春期).Oneareaofresearchhasbeenneuroplasticity—thatis,thebrain’sabilitytoreorganiseitselfbyformingnewneuralconnections.Duringchildhood,thebrain’s86billionneuronscreatenumerousconnectionpatterns.Eachtimewelearntodosomething,neuralpathwaysarecreatedthatallowustorepeatandimproveupontheaction.Byadulthood,neuralpathwaysthathavebeenusedfrequentlybee“fixed”,whereasthelessusedorunusedpathwaysdisappear.Thesestronger“fixed”connectionsenableadultstohavemoreplexthoughtsandtocarryoutregularactionsmoreeffectively.However,thedisappearanceofotherlessusedconnectionsreducesthebrain’s“flexibility”.Asaresult,adultsfindithardertomasternewskillsorrememberunfamiliarinformation.Itusedtobethoughtthatteenagers’brainsweresimilartoadultsinthisrespect,butresearchhasrevealedthattheteenagebrainstillhastremendous“plasticity”—lessthaninchildhood,butmorethanadults—andsoteenagersarebetteratlearningandmemorisingthingsthanadults.Thismeansthisisagreatagetodevelopnewskillssuchasplayinganinstrument,learningtodriveorspeakinganewlanguage.Recentresearchhasevenshownthataperson’sIQ,whichwaspreviouslythoughttobeunchanging,canimproveintheteenyears!Researchhasalsoshownafurtherdifferenceintheprefrontalcortex(PFC)ofteenagersandadults.ThePFCistheareaofthebrainthat’sresponsibleforabstractthinking.Itsfunctionsincludeplanning.predictingtheresultsofactionsaswellasregulationofemotions,andfocusingongoals.Unlikeinadults,theteenagePFCisstilldeveloping,whichexplainswhyteenagerscanbeimpulsive(沖動(dòng)的)andtakerisksandwhytheyfindithardtoconcentrateandmakegoodchoices.PsychiatristDrDanielSiegelthinkstheteenageyearsareveryexcitingones.Hebelievesthatlearningabouthowtheirbrainsworkhelpsteenagersdeveloptheiremotionalintelligenceandthoughtprocesses,allowingthemtobetheverybestpersontheycanbe.Itseemsthen,thattheteenageyearsaretheidealtimetolearnproblemsolvingandcriticalthinkingskills.第10頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)12.Whathappenstoneuralpathwaysasindividualsgrowfromchildrentoadults?A.Somedisappearbecausenewconnectionsareformed.B.Somebeestrengthenedthroughfrequentuse.C.Theyincreaseinnumberbutdecreaseinstrength.D.Theyremainhighlyflexiblethroughoutadulthood.13.Whatdoeshigherbrainplasticitymeantoteenagers?A.Theyhavemoreintelligencethanadults.B.Theyhavearemarkableabilitytolearn.C.Theycanplayaninstrumentbetterthanadults.D.Theyhaveanintenseinterestinlearning.14.HowareteenagersinfluencedbythePFC?A.Theyactwithoutmuchconsideration.B.Theycanmemorisethingsveryquickly.C.Theyexperiencepowerfulemotions.D.Theyadapttonewenvironmentseasily.15.WhatisDrDanielSiegel’sopinion?A.Adolescenceisthemostdifficultperiodoflife.B.braindevelopmentisalreadyplete.C.shouldbegivenmorefreedomandindependence.D.Studyingthedevelopmentofteenagers’brainsbenefitsthem.【答案】12.B13.B14.A15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了神經(jīng)科學(xué)對(duì)青少年大腦的研究，包括神經(jīng)可塑性和前額葉皮層的發(fā)育特點(diǎn)及其影響?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Byadulthood,neuralpathwaysthathavebeenusedfrequentlybee“fixed”,whereasthelessusedorunusedpathwaysdisappear.Thesestronger“fixed”connectionsenableadultstohavemoreplexthoughtsandtocarryoutregularactionsmoreeffectively.(到成年后，經(jīng)常使用的神經(jīng)通路變得“固定”，而較少使用或未使用的神經(jīng)通路則消失。這些更強(qiáng)的“固定”連接使成年人有更復(fù)雜的想法，并更有效地執(zhí)行常規(guī)行動(dòng))”可知，隨著個(gè)體從兒童成長(zhǎng)為成年人，經(jīng)常被使用的神經(jīng)通路會(huì)變得“固定”，也就是得到了加強(qiáng)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】Itusedtobethoughtthatteenagers’brainsweresimilartoadultsinthisrespect,butresearchhasrevealedthattheteenagebrainstillhastremendous“plasticity”—lessthaninchildhood,butmore第11頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)thanadults—andsoteenagersarebetteratlearningandmemorisingthingsthanadults.Thismeansthisisagreatagetodevelopnewskillssuchasplayinganinstrument,learningtodriveorspeakinganewlanguage.(過(guò)去人們認(rèn)為，青少年的大腦在這方面與成年人相似，但研究表明，青少年的大腦仍然具有巨大的“可塑性”——比兒童時(shí)期少，但比成年人多——因此，青少年在學(xué)習(xí)和記憶方面比成年人更好。這意味著這是一個(gè)培養(yǎng)新技能的好年齡，比如演奏樂(lè)器、學(xué)習(xí)開(kāi)車(chē)或說(shuō)一門(mén)新語(yǔ)言)”可知，青少年大腦具有更高的可塑性，這意味著他們比成年人更擅長(zhǎng)學(xué)習(xí)和記憶東西，也就是他們有很強(qiáng)的學(xué)習(xí)能力。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Unlikeinadults,theteenagePFCisstilldeveloping,whichexplainswhyteenagerscanbeimpulsive(沖動(dòng)的)andtakerisksandwhytheyfindithardtoconcentrateandmakegoodchoices.(與成年人不同，青少年的PFC仍在發(fā)育中，這就解釋了為什么青少年會(huì)沖動(dòng)、冒險(xiǎn)，以及為什么他們很難集中注意力、做出正確的選擇)”可知，青少年的前額葉皮層（PFC）仍在發(fā)育，這解釋了為什么青少年會(huì)沖動(dòng)、冒險(xiǎn)，也就是他們做事不經(jīng)過(guò)太多考慮。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“PsychiatristDrDanielSiegelthinkstheteenageyearsareveryexcitingones.Hebelievesthatlearningabouthowtheirbrainsworkhelpsteenagersdeveloptheiremotionalintelligenceandthoughtprocesses,allowingthemtobetheverybestpersontheycanbe.Itseemsthen,thattheteenageyearsaretheidealtimetolearnproblemsolvingandcriticalthinkingskills.(精神病學(xué)家丹尼爾·西格爾博士認(rèn)為青少年時(shí)期是非常令人興奮的時(shí)期。他認(rèn)為，了解大腦是如何工作的有助于青少年發(fā)展他們的情商和思維過(guò)程，使他們成)”爾博士認(rèn)為青少年時(shí)期很令人興奮，了解他們的大腦如何工作有助于青少年發(fā)展他們的情商和思維過(guò)程，讓他們成為最好的自己，也就是研究青少年大腦的發(fā)展對(duì)他們有益。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題分，滿(mǎn)分分）.Solitude(獨(dú)處)getsabadnamebecauseit’softenequatedwithloneliness.Lonelinessinvolvesbeingisolated(孤立的)despitewantingsocialconnections,whereasbeingalonemeanstakingtimeforyourselfbetweenregularsocialinteractions._____16_____.canalsobealonewithouthavingfeelingsofloneliness.Whiletherearedownsidestoloneliness,researchhasfoundrealbenefitsofdoingthingsalone.Hereareseveraltoconsider.Whenyouareworkinginagroup,youmightuselesstomemorizeinformation.____17____.第12頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)onthingsalonecanhelpyoufocusyourattention,whichcanimproveyourmemory.Inonestudy,researchersfoundthatgroupsworkingcollaboratively(合作地)torecallinformationperformedworsethanindividualsrecallingthingsontheirown.____18____Spendingtimealonegivesyoutimetofocusonyourinterests.Whenyouaresurroundedbyothers,youmightsetyourownideasandpassionsasidetosatisfytheneedsofyourfriendsandfamily.timeonyourowngivesyoutheopportunitytomakecreativechoicesandfocusyourattentionwithoutworryingaboutwhatotherpeoplearethinking.Collaborativebrainstormingisoftenseenasoneofthebestwaystogeneratenewideas.____19____.Whilegroupareoftenaboutachievingconsensus(共識(shí))andfittinginwiththecrowd,workingaloneencouragesinnovationwithoutaddedsocialpressure.Acertainamountofalonetimecanhelpyouhavegreatersympathyforthepeoplearoundyou.However,trulyspendingtimealoneisn’talwayseasy,especiallywithtechtransformingalonetime.Ifyouarenotabletobepletelybyyourself,cuttingbackondigitalmunicationforabrieftimemightbehelpful.____20____.A.PutyourinterestsfirstB.ImproveyourrelationshipsC.assumethatothersinthegroupwillfillinthegapsD.AlittleabsencemightreallymaketheheartgrowfonderE.canbelonelyevenwhenyouareinthepresenceofothersF.Astudyfoundteens’emotioninterpretationimprovedafter5devicefreedaysG.However,researchshowsindividualssolvetoughproblemsequallywellwhenworkingalone【答案】16.E17.C18.A19.G20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了獨(dú)處的好處，如能提高注意力和記憶力、讓人優(yōu)先關(guān)注自身興趣、激發(fā)創(chuàng)造力、使人更具同情心等?！?6題詳解】上文“Lonelinessinvolvesbeingisolated(孤立的)despitewantingsocialconnections,whereasbeingalonemeanstakingtimeforyourselfbetweenregularsocialinteractions.(孤獨(dú)是指盡管渴望社交聯(lián)系卻仍處于孤立狀態(tài)，而第13頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)獨(dú)處則意味著在日常社交互動(dòng)之間給自己留出時(shí)間)”對(duì)孤獨(dú)和獨(dú)處進(jìn)行了定義。E選項(xiàng)“canbelonelyevenwhenyouareinthepresenceofothers.(即使你和別人在一起，你也可能會(huì)感到孤獨(dú))”與后文“canalsobealonewithouthavingfeelingsofloneliness.(你也可以獨(dú)自一人而不感到孤獨(dú))”構(gòu)成并列結(jié)構(gòu)，進(jìn)行一步對(duì)孤獨(dú)和獨(dú)處兩種狀態(tài)進(jìn)行舉例說(shuō)明，上下文語(yǔ)意一致。故選E項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】上文“Whenyouareworkinginagroup,youmightuselesstomemorizeinformation.(當(dāng)你在一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)中工作時(shí)，你可能會(huì)花更少的精力去記憶信息)”指出在小組中工作時(shí)，人們可能會(huì)減少記憶信息的努力。C選項(xiàng)“assumethatothersinthegroupwillfillinthegaps(你會(huì)認(rèn)為小組里的其他人會(huì)填補(bǔ)這些空白)”說(shuō)明人們會(huì)認(rèn)為小組中的其他人會(huì)填補(bǔ)這些空缺，解釋了在小組中為何會(huì)減少記憶信息努力的原因，與上文邏輯緊密。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Spendingtimealonegivesyoutimetofocusonyourinterests.(獨(dú)處能讓你有時(shí)間專(zhuān)注于自己的興趣愛(ài)好)A選項(xiàng)“Putyourinterestsfirst(把你的興趣放在首位)”與下文內(nèi)容相契合，說(shuō)明獨(dú)處能讓自己專(zhuān)注于自己的興趣，是該段落的主題句。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】上文“Collaborativebrainstormingisoftenseenasoneofthebestwaystogeneratenewideas.(合作式頭腦風(fēng)暴通常被視為產(chǎn)生新想法的最佳方式之一)”提到合作頭腦風(fēng)暴常被視為產(chǎn)生新想法的最佳方式之一。G選項(xiàng)“However,researchshowsindividualssolvetoughproblemsequallywellwhenworkingalone(然而，研究表明，個(gè)人獨(dú)自工作時(shí)也能同樣出色地解決難題)”通過(guò)“However”構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，指出研究表明個(gè)人獨(dú)自工作時(shí)也Boostcreativity(提高創(chuàng)造力)”。故選G項(xiàng)。【20題詳解】上文“Ifyouarenotabletobepletelybyyourself,cuttingbackondigitalmunicationforabrieftimemightbehelpful.(如果你不能完全獨(dú)處，暫時(shí)減少數(shù)字通信可能會(huì)有幫助)少數(shù)字通訊可能會(huì)有幫助。F選項(xiàng)“Astudyfoundteens’emotioninterpretationimprovedafter5devicefreedays()”舉例說(shuō)明一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)青少年在無(wú)設(shè)備的五天后情緒解讀能力有所提高，這是減少數(shù)字通訊帶來(lái)積極效果的例子，與上文邏輯一致。故選F項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分分）第一節(jié)（共小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分分）第14頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的、、、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Afewyearsago,IceasedmakingdetailedNewresolutions(決心).Isettled____21____ona“wordoftheyear.”AsIbegan2024,I____22____theword“gift”wouldshapemynewyear.Iplannedtogiveagiftaday.Iwantedtobe____23____withmygiving,sosomegiftswouldtaketimetoprepareandpresent.SomeothergiftsIgave,likehelpingamanreadastorelabel,camenaturally.Eitherway,Ialwaystriedtolookfora(n)____24____toserve.Oneofmymost____25____giftsinvolvedlettingothercustomersgoaheadofmeinlineatthegrocerystore.WhenInoticedapersonstandinginlinebehindmewithonlya(n)____26____,Ispottedachancetoputanother’s____27____beforemyown.____28____theyear,Ispokewithmychildrenaboutmygiftgiving,andthey____29____hearingmystories.Sometimesmyboyswouldaskme,“Whatwasyourgifttoday?”O(jiān)nedayatthestore,Iheardmyoldersonwhisperingaboutamanwithjusttwoitemsbehindusinline.Ilookedbehindusto_____30_____,andsureenough,amanstoodtherewithonlytwoitems.Ifelt____31____asIrealizedthatmyboyhadjoinedinonthejoyof____32____.I____33____thecustomerbehindustotakeourplaceinline.Thefewextraminutesof____34____timewereminutes____35____invested.Givingwasmyfavoritegiftof2024becauseIsawmychoicetogivebecamepartofmychildren’slives.21.A.indeedB.insteadC.againD.also22.A.testedB.recalledC.fearedD.expected23.A.handyB.associatedC.intentionalD.familiar24A.exposureB.opportunityC.assistanceD.inspiration25.A.repeatedB.reportedC.simplifiedD.approved26.A.listB.reminderC.problemD.item27.A.instructionsB.C.needsD.habits28.A.BeyondB.DespiteC.ExceptD.Throughout29.A.missedB.consideredC.enjoyedD.imagined30.A.checkB.focusC.escapeD.interrupt31.A.relaxedB.proudC.embarrassedD.nervous32.A.greetingB.trackingC.shoppingD.giving33.A.signaledtoB.agreedwithC.referredtoD.dealtwith第15頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)34.A.visitB.storyC.waitD.leisure35.A.frequentlyB.wiselyC.immediatelyD.extremely【答案】21.B22.D23.C24.B25.A26.D27.C28.D29.C30.A31.B32.D33.A34.C35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在新的一年決定每天贈(zèng)送一份禮物，并且這個(gè)習(xí)慣也影響了孩子，孩子開(kāi)始加入這個(gè)贈(zèng)送的快樂(lè)中?！?1題詳解】A.indeed確實(shí)；B.insteadC.againD.alsoIceasedmakingdetailedNewresolutions年計(jì)劃，反而選擇了一年的“關(guān)鍵詞”。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著2024年的到來(lái)，我預(yù)期“禮物”這個(gè)詞將塑造我的新的一年。A.tested測(cè)試；B.recalled回憶；C.feared害怕；D.expected預(yù)期。根據(jù)后文“Iplannedtogiveagiftaday.”可知，作者在做新一年的計(jì)劃，所以是預(yù)期“禮物”這個(gè)詞將塑造自己的新的一年。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我想要有意為之，所以有些禮物需要時(shí)間來(lái)準(zhǔn)備和贈(zèng)送。A.handy方便的；B.associatedC.intentionalD.familiarsosomegiftswouldtaketimetoprepareandpresentC?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：不管怎樣，我總是尋找服務(wù)的機(jī)會(huì)。A.exposure暴露；B.opportunity機(jī)會(huì)；C.assistanceD.inspirationIplannedtogiveagiftaday”及后文“serve劃每天贈(zèng)送一份禮物，所以是要尋找服務(wù)的機(jī)會(huì)。故選B。【25題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我一年中重復(fù)最多的禮物之一就是在雜貨店排隊(duì)時(shí)讓其他顧客排在我前面。A.repeated重復(fù)；B.reported報(bào)道；C.simplified簡(jiǎn)化；D.approved贊同，滿(mǎn)意。根據(jù)后文“WhenInoticedapersonstandinginlinebehindmewithonlya(n)____6____,Ispottedachancetoputanother’s____7____beforemyown.”可知，作者重復(fù)最多的一件禮物就是讓排在他后面的顧客到前面來(lái)。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我注意到一個(gè)只拿了一件商品的人排在我后面時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)把別人的需第16頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)求放在自己前面的機(jī)會(huì)。A.list清單；B.reminder提醒；C.problem問(wèn)題；D.item商品。根據(jù)前文“l(fā)ettingothercustomersgoaheadofmeinli