PAGEPAGE4新概念英語第一冊語法總結(jié)——時態(tài)時態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在進行時，一般將來時，一般過去時/現(xiàn)在完成時，過去進行時，過去完成時，過去將來時1.一般現(xiàn)在時：表示一般性，常常性的動作或一般性事實。*含有be動詞的句子(Heisateacher.;Thegirlisverybeautiful.;TimandJackarestudents.)★變疑問句將be動詞移到句首(Isheateacher?;Isthegirlverybeautiful?;AreTimandJackstudents?)★變否定句在be動詞后面加not(Heisnotateacher.;Thegirlisnotverythin.;TimandJackarenotstudents.)★肯定回答及否定回答(Yesheis.Noheisnot.Yessheis.Nosheisnot.Yestheyare.Notheyarenot.)*不含be有動詞的句子，即含有一般動詞的句子第三人稱單數(shù)及單數(shù)名詞(Helikesbooks.;Shelikeshim.;Thedoglikesbones.)★變疑問句在句首加does動詞變?yōu)樵?Doeshelikebooks?Doesshelikehim?Doesthedoglikebones?)★變否定句在主語及動詞之間加doesn’t動詞變?yōu)樵?Hedoesn’tlikebooks.Shedoesn’tlikehim.Thedogdoesn’tlikebones.)★肯定回答及否定回答Yeshedoes.Nohedoesn’t.Yesshedoes.Noshedoesn’t.Yesitdoes.Noitdoesn’t.（注意：第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在動詞后面加S，不要和名詞復(fù)數(shù)混淆）其他人稱及復(fù)數(shù)茗詞Iwanttohaveabath.Wehavesomemeat.Thestudentslikesmartteachers.★變疑問句在句首加doDoyouwanttohaveabath?Dowehaveanymeat?Dothestudentslikesmartteachers?★變否定句在主語和動詞之間加don’t.Youdon’twanttohaveabath.Wedon’thaveanymeat.Thestudentsdon’tlikesmartteachers.★肯定回答及否定回答YesIdo.NoIdon’t.Yeswedo.Nowedon’t.Yestheydo.Notheydon’t.2.現(xiàn)在進行時，表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作。構(gòu)成：主語＋be動詞＋動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞＋其它成分（現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成見附錄）Wearehavinglunch.Heisreadingabook.Thedogisrunningafteracat.Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.★變疑問句將be動詞移到句首Arewehavinglunch?Ishereadingabook?Isthedogrunningafteracat?Aretheboysswimmingacrosstheriver?★變否定句在be動詞后面加notWearenothavinglunch.Heisnotreadingabook.Thedogisnotrunningafteracat.Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.*特別疑問句：what/which/how/where/who疑問詞＋動詞＋主語＋現(xiàn)在分詞Whatareyoudoing?Whatisshedoing?Whatisthedogdoing?*沒有進行時的動詞表示狀態(tài)，思想，感情和感覺的動詞不能表示正在進行的動作表示感覺、感官的詞see、hear、like、love、wanthave/has當”擁有”講時，沒有進行時3.一般將來時表示將來將要發(fā)生的動作，常常和tomorrow、nextyear、thedayaftertomorrow、theyearafterthenext、infivehours’timeetc.表示將來的詞聯(lián)用*結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+助動詞will+動詞原形*特別疑問句：Whatdidyoudo?不含有be動詞的句子，將動詞變?yōu)檫^去式，動詞過去式構(gòu)成見附錄Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.Theboywenttoarestaurant.TheSawyerslivedatKingStreetayearago.★變疑問句在句首加did，動詞變?yōu)樵虳idyoufinishyourhomeworkyesterday?Didtheboygotoarestaurant?DidtheSawyersliveatKingStreetayearago?★變否定句在主語和動詞之間加didnotIdidnotfinishmyhomeworkyesterday.Theboydidnotgotoarestaurant.TheSawyersdidnotliveatKingStreetayearago.★肯定回答及否定回答YesIdid.NoIdidn’t./Yeshedid.Nohedidn’t./Yestheydid.Notheydidnot.5、現(xiàn)在完成時構(gòu)成主語+助動詞havehas+過去分詞*表示過去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動作，常和just、usually、already、since等時間副詞連用Ihavejusthadlunch.(飽了，不用再吃了)Hehashadacupoftea.（不渴了，不用再喝）Theyhavealreadyhadtheirholiday.（他們已經(jīng)度過假了）Theboyhasalreadyreadthebook.（已經(jīng)知道書的內(nèi)容了，不用再看了）*詢問別人是否做過某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時：Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?HaveyoubeentoBeijing?Haveheseenthefilm?*表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作IhavelivedinBeijingfortwentyyears.Ihaveworkedforthisschoolfor1year.*表示一種經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗：去過…地芳，做過…事情，經(jīng)歷過…事情Ihaveneverhadabath.Ihaveneverseenafilm.Ihaveneverbeentocinema.IhaveeverbeentoParis.★Havebeento表示去過，havegoneto表示去了IhavebeentoLondon.(人已經(jīng)回來)HehasgonetoLondon.（人還在那里）*表示一種結(jié)果，一般不和時間副詞聯(lián)用Ihavelostmypen.Ihavehurtmyself.Hehasbecomeateacher.Shehasbrokenmyheart.句型變化：★變疑問句將助動詞移到句首，變否定句在助動詞后面加not.e.g.Haveyoulostyourpen?Ihavenotlostmypen.★肯定回答及否定回答YesIhave.NoIhavenot.*特別疑問句：Whathaveyoudone?Whathashedone?一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別：凡是有明確的表示過去的時間狀語的句子為過去時（注重：有些動詞表示的動作有一個終點，不延續(xù)，因此不能和表示一段時間狀語連用。）錯：I’veleftBeijingfor3days.對：IleftBeijing3daysago.Ihavebeenawayfrombeingfor3days.6.過去完成時：用法：在過去的時間里，兩個動作中，發(fā)生在前的那個動作要用過去完成時。結(jié)構(gòu)：had+過去分詞Aftershehadfinishedherhomework，shewentshopping.TheyhadsoldthecarbeforeIaskedtheprice.ThetrainhadleftbeforeIarrivedatthestation.（After/before引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句放在句首要在句子后面加煤號，假如放在主句后則不用加。）★變疑問句將助動詞移到句首Hadshefinishedherhomework?★變否定句在助動詞后面加notShehadn’tfinishedherhomework.★肯定回答及否定回答Yesshehad.Noshehadn’t.★*特別疑問句：Whathadshedone?7.過去進行時表示過去正在進行的動作常常用在when、while、as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中。結(jié)構(gòu)：was/wer