PAGE1-限時規(guī)范訓(xùn)練(三十)閱讀板塊——練速度(滿分40分，限時35分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解(30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AYoumayhaveheardaboutthepaintingslistedbelow.Butdoyoureallyknowaboutthemwell?GuernicaPabloPicasso'scubist(立體派的)styleofpaintinghascreatedmanywonders.Guernicais,perhaps,thebestworkofartbythisgreatSpanishartist.In1937,theGermanandItalianwarplanesbombedthecityofGuernica,takingmanyinnocentlives.ThegovernmentaskedPicassotocreateapaintingaboutthebombingsandsufferingsofpeople.ThisbroughtthebestoutofPicasso.TheStarryNightIfyouaskanartlovertopicktwoofthebestworksbyVincentvanGogh,TheStarryNightwouldcertainlybeoneamongthem.Thisbrightandcolorfulpaintingwascompletedintheyear1889.TheviewoutsideVincent'swindowatnight-timeattractedhimandhewentontocreatethispainting.However,heactuallypaintedTheStarryNightduringthedaytime.SistineMadonnaAlmosteachofRaphael'sworksisknowntobesimpleandaesthetic(唯美的).TherearenobetterwordstodescribetheSistineMadonna!ThisisoneoftheMadonnaspaintedbyRaphael.PopeJuliusⅡdemandedRaphaelcreatethepaintingin1512.Accordingtohistorybooks,whenthefamousItalianartistCorreggiofirstlaideyesonthepiece,hewasmovedtotears.Whistler'sMotherJamesMcNeillWhistlerwasanAmerican-bornartist,wholivedinLondon.Whistler'sMotheristhemostfamousworkbythisAmericanartist.Themostpopularstorysurroundingthispaintingisthatamodelcouldnotmakeittothestudiooftheartistandthenhismothertooktheplaceofthatmodel.Theartistwantedtopaintthecharacterinastandingpose,buthadtochangehismindduetothebadhealthofhismother.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。本文主要介紹了四幅名畫背后的故事。1．WhatisthethemeofthepaintingGuernica?A．Thewar.B．Warplanes.C．Thecityscenery.D．Lifeofordinarypeople.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“ThegovernmentaskedPicassotocreateapaintingaboutthebombingsandsufferingsofpeople.”可知，正確答案為A。答案：A2．WhatdoweknowaboutTheStarryNight?A．Itwasbrightlycolored.B．Itwaspaintedinthenight.C．ItwasconsideredVincent'slastwork.D．Itwascreatedatthegovernment'srequest.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Thisbrightandcolorfulpaintingwascompletedintheyear1889.”可知，《星空》這幅畫多彩、明麗。答案：A3．What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Tofindthesimilaritiesbetweenthesepaintings.B．Toencourageustoappreciatethesepaintings.C．Todescribewhatthesepaintingslooklike.D．Totellsomestoriesbehindthesepaintings.解析：寫作目的題。依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講解并描述了四幅名畫背后的故事，故正確答案為D。答案：DBWhenChristaPare'sfather,Jim,diedofcancer,findingahomeforTundrabecamethefirstthingtobedone.Thefive-year-olddoghadbeenJim'sconstantcompanion.ParehadaskedtwoofJim'sgoodfriendstoadoptthedog,buttherewasaproblem:ThecouplelivedinThunderBay,a13-hourdrivefromPare'shomeinRenfrew,Ont.Itwouldcostmorethan$800toflytoThunderBay,andPare,aradiohost,wasalreadysparingextratimeintheboothtopayforfuneralcosts.ArelativewhohadheardofPare'sdilemmadirectedhertotheFacebookpageofFurryHobosNHiwayHeroes,hopingthegroupmighthelp.Thefour-year-oldorganizationisthebrainchildofMargaretFosterHyde,aretiredtruckerwhodreameduptheplanofpairingdogsinneedwithlong-distancetruckdriverswhensherealizedhowexpensiveitwouldbetogethernewlyadopteddog,Barkley,fromSudburytoThunderBay.Backthen,FosterHydecalledupafriendwhoworkedtherouteandaskedifBarkleycouldhitch(免費搭便車)aride.WhenPareheardbackfromFosterHyde,shecried.“Beyondthecost,tohavetocrate(將某物裝入大木箱)Tundraandputhimonaplanebyhimselfafterhelosthisbestfriendwouldhavebeenawful，”shesays.“ManythankstoFosterHyde.”Atherhome,FosterHydehasthreewhiteboardssetupinthelivingroom.Onetracksthedrivers'routes,oneisforthedogswhoneedridesandoneisforthedogsalreadyontheway.FosterHydeestimatesthatthey'vetransportedabout300to400dogsacrossCanadaandtheUnitedStates.AsforTundra'scomparativelyshort-distancetripfromRenfrew,itwasmadepossiblebyadrivernamedGregRumbolt.TheinstantRumboltopenedthecab'sdoor,Tundraleapedoutontothesnowtomeethisnewowners.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇記敘文。Pare的父親去世后，她確定把陪伴父親多年的狗狗Tundra送給父親的好友收養(yǎng)，可是遙遠(yuǎn)的路途讓Pare心生憂慮，最終是FosterHyde幫助了她。FosterHyde始終在幫助有同樣需求的狗狗，讓它們搭便車。4．WhatprobablymadePareworriedafterherfatherdied?A．Shefailedtohaveherfather'sdogadopted.B．Shefounditdifficultforhertomakealiving.C．ShehadtomovetoafarawaycityThunderBay.D．Shecouldn'taffordtosendTundratohisnewhome.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段的最終一句可知，把Tundra送去摯友家須要花一大筆路費，而Pare由于給父親辦葬禮已經(jīng)很拮據(jù)了，所以她支付不起送狗狗的路費。答案：D5．WhydidParecryafterhearingbackfromFosterHyde?A．Shemissedherdearfatherverymuch.B．ShewasdeeplymovedbyFosterHyde.C．Shewouldn'tsendTundratoRenfrew.D．Shecouldn'tseethedoganylonger.解析：推理推斷題。Pare正在為送狗狗的事情擔(dān)憂，聽到FosterHyde情愿幫忙，她特別感動。答案：B6．What'stheuseofthewhiteboardsinFosterHyde'slivingroom?A．Presentinginformationaboutdogowners.B．Makinganadvertisementtosellherdogs.C．Helpingmakeaplanfortransportingdogs.D．Makingarecordofthedogsshehashelped.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段中的“Atherhome,FosterHydehasthreewhiteboardssetupinthelivingroom.Onetracksthedrivers'routes,oneisforthedogswhoneedridesandoneisforthedogsalreadyontheway.”可知，F(xiàn)osterHyde用這三塊白板來把須要幫助的狗狗與各條行車線路的司機進(jìn)行匹配。答案：C7．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthistext?A．ARetiredTruckerHelpsDogsinNeedofaRideB．AdoptingaDogMakesYourLifeHappyC．ASmallKindnessChangestheWorldD．ItCoststooMuchtoHaveaDog解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要介紹了FosterHyde幫助Pare把狗狗送到新家的故事，她始終在幫助有同樣需求的狗狗，讓它們搭便車。答案：ACThemajorityofAmericanswithdogsaremorelikelytocallthemselves“petparents”than“petowners”.Therearemoreoftheseparentsthanever.InbigcitiessuchasSanFranciscoandSeattle,owneddogsoutnumberchildren.Thewaysinwhichcompaniesareprofitingfromthetrendarealsogrowing.Nottomentionthere'svariousorganicpetfoodonsale,thisyearAmericansspentmorethan$400milliononHalloweenclothesforpets.Overall,annualspendingonpetfoodandproductsinAmericahasrisenbyaround40%overthepasttenyears,to$43billion—aremarkablegrowthrateforanalreadylargeindustry.Nowapackofbusinesseshavefoundafreshopportunity.MuchasAirbnbhasofferedtravelersanalternativetostayinginhotels,twofirms,RoverandDogVacay,wanttogivepetownersanalternativetokennels(托犬所)whentheyareawayfromhome.Customerscansearchforanearbysitterandpayfortheirdogstostayinthatperson'shome.Thecostisaround$30anight,withthemajorityofthatgoingtothesitterandaroundafifthtothecompany—muchlessthanyouwouldspendincheckingyourdogintoakennels.Theotherbigsellingpointisthatpetsreceivebettertreatment.Thereareways,apparently,toevaluatedoghoststofindrealpetlovers:onlyaround15%ofthosewhoapplytoserveassittersareapproved.Companiesofferinghomestaystodogsarenowappearinginmanydifferentcountries,includingAustralia,BrazilandBritain.AndunlikeAirbnb,whichpullsincustomersthankstoitspresenceinlotsofmarketsthatpeoplewanttotravelto,thenetworkeffectforserviceslikeDogVacayislocal.Despitehavinganticipated(預(yù)料)thetrendearly,suchfirmsmayneverachievethesamescale(規(guī)模)asAirbnb.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文。一些互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司為寵物供應(yīng)全新的寄養(yǎng)方式。8．What'sthenewtrendaccordingtothetext?A．Americanscarelittleaboutthehealthofpets.B．It'snaturaltospendlessmoneyonpetproducts.C．Manynewkindsoforganicpetfoodareonsale.D．Moreandmorepeopletreatpetsasfamilymembers.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段和其次段的內(nèi)容可知，養(yǎng)狗的人越來越多，寵物狗的數(shù)量超過了小孩的數(shù)量，人們把寵物狗當(dāng)成了家庭成員，情愿為它們消費。答案：D9．HowdoRoverandDogVacaymakesurethedogsgetbettertreatment?A．Bychargingahighprice.B．Byspendingmoreonpetfood.C．Bycarefullychoosingpetsitters.D．Byprovidingprofessionaltraining.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段中的“Theotherbigsellingpointisthatpetsreceivebettertreatment.Thereareways,apparently,toevaluatedoghoststofindrealpetlovers:onlyaround15%ofthosewhoapplytoserveassittersareapproved.”可知，這兩家公司會嚴(yán)格選擇照看寵物的人以保證狗狗得到更好的照料。答案：C10．Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?A．Onedaycustomerscantravelwiththeirpets.B．Airbnbhasplannedtogetashareinpetindustry.C．It'shardforcompanieslikeAirbnbtogoglobal.D．DogVacayhasitsbranchesinAustralia,BrazilandBritain.解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段的內(nèi)容可知，像DogVacay這樣的公司服務(wù)的市場其實特別有限，寄養(yǎng)狗狗的市場只局限于當(dāng)?shù)?，因此它很難像Airbnb那樣成為全球性公司。答案：C11．Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A．TheAdvantagesofKeepingPetsB．ANewModelofRaisingYourDogsC．FindingaNewHomeforYourDogsD．TheSharingEconomy—Pets'“Airbnb”解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要講了一種全新的共享型的狗狗寄養(yǎng)模式，D項最適合作為本文標(biāo)題。答案：DDWhenyoustartworkingonsomethingbutdon'tfinishit,thoughtsoftheunfinishedworkcontinuetojumpintoyourmindevenwhenyou'vemovedontootherthings.Psychologists(心理學(xué)家)refertothispsychologicalphenomenonastheZeigarnikeffect.TheeffectwasfirstobservedbyaRussianpsychologistnamedBlumaZeigarnik.WhilesittinginabusyrestaurantinVienna,shenotedthewaitershadbettermemoriesofunpaidorders.Oncethebillwaspaid,however,thewaitershaddifficultyrememberingtheexactdetailsoftheorders.Inresearch,participantswereaskedtocompletesimpletaskssuchasputtingtogetherpuzzles,orsolvingmathproblems.Halfoftheparticipantswereinterruptedhalfwaythroughthesetasks.Afteranhour-longdelay,Zeigarnikaskedtheparticipantstogiveanaccountofwhatthey'dbeenworkingon.Shediscoveredthatthosewhohadtheirworkinterruptedweretwiceaslikelytorememberwhattheyhadbeendoingasthosewhohadactuallycompletedthetasks.Wecanusethiseffecttoouradvantage.Forexample,ifyou'restrugglingtomemorizesomethingimportant,momentaryinterruptionsmightactuallyworktoyouradvantage.Ratherthansimplyremembertheinformationoverandoveragain,reviewitseveraltimesandthentakeabreak.Whileyou'refocusingonotherthings,you'llfindyourselfmentallyreturningtotheinformationyouwerestudying.Weoftenputofftasksuntilthelastmoment,onlycompletingtheminarushatthelastpossiblemoment.Unfortunately,thistendencycanleadtoheavystressandevenpoorperformance.OnewaytoovercomethisistoputtheZeigarnikeffecttowork.Startbytakingthefirststep,nomatterhowsmall.Onceyou'vebegun—butnotfinished—yourwork,you'llfindyourselfthinkingofthetaskuntil,atlast,youfinishit.Youmightnotfinishitallatonce,buteachsmallstepyoutakeputsyouclosertoyourfinalgoal.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種常見的心理現(xiàn)象——蔡加尼克效應(yīng)，那么這種心理現(xiàn)象對我們的生活與學(xué)習(xí)有什么啟示呢？12．WhatdoestheZeigarnikeffectreferto?A．Waiterstendtohavegoodmemories.B．Onceinterrupted,onewillforgetthingseasily.C．Mostpeoplecan'tfocusononethingforalongtime.D．Peoplerememberunfinishedtasksbetterthancompletedones.解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段中Zeigarnik對服務(wù)員的視察及結(jié)論以及其次段的試驗結(jié)果可知，“蔡加尼克效應(yīng)”指人們對于尚未處理完的事情的印象比已處理完的事情的印象更加深刻。答案：D13．Whatwerealltheparticipantsrequiredtodointhestudy?A．Describetheirtasks.B．Expresstheirfeelings.C．Testtheirintelligence.D．Designsimpleactivities.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Zeigarnikaskedtheparticipantstogiveanaccountofwhatthey'dbeenworkingon”可推斷全部參加試驗的人都被賜予任務(wù)，一半的人任務(wù)被中斷，剩余的人完成了任務(wù)，之后全部人都被要求描述自己的任務(wù)。答案：A14．HowshouldwestudyaccordingtotheZeigarnikeffect?A．Repeatoverandoveragain.B．Divideupourstudysession.C．Focusonseveraltasksatatime.D．Haveenoughrestbeforestudying.解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段的“ifyou'restrugglingtomemorizesomethingimportant,momentaryinterruptionsmightactuallyworktoyouradvantage.Ratherthansimplyremembertheinformationoverandoveragain,reviewitseveraltimesandthentakeabreak”可知，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)分幾個時間段學(xué)習(xí)。答案：B15．What'sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A．Howtogetridofheavystress.B．Whyweshouldsetafinalgoal.C．Howtobreakthehabitofdelayingwork.D．Whywealwayscompletetasksinarush.解析：段落大意題。依據(jù)最終一段的內(nèi)容可知，本段主要告知我們?nèi)绾斡行Ю谩安碳幽峥诵?yīng)”來改善拖延癥。答案：CⅡ.閱讀七選五(10分)依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Inyourlife,isthereanythingthatyou'retryingtorunfrom?Maybethey'resomeresponsibilities,someneed-to-mendrelationshipsorsomethingfromyourpast.Thefactisthateveryonefeelsthedesiretoescapeatsomepointortheother.16It'sjustthatthedegreetowhichweescapediffers.Whenyouwanttoescape,youstartlookingoutforwaysthatwouldmakeyouforgetthereality.Alcohol,keepingbusyonlineandsleepingtoomucharecommonwaystoavoidreality.Forthetimebeing,theydoupliftyou,makingyouforgetthepain.