歷年考情說明文閱讀理解一般作為全國卷閱談理解中的CD實驗研究和介紹說明型明文是對事物的形狀，性質(zhì)，特征，成果或公用等進行介紹，解釋或闡述的文章，把我所說明事物的特征圖標法，引用法和距離法等。說明文的特點是客觀、簡潔、準確、清晰，文章很少表達作者的情感傾向。閱讀說明文的重點在于讀懂它說明的事物或事理，了解事物的性質(zhì)、結(jié)構(gòu)、形成原因、功能；了解事物的意義和特征等。命題規(guī)律說明文所選材料題材豐富多樣，涉及社會、科技、文化、生活、人物、教育、生態(tài)、安全等方面。在把握語篇整體結(jié)構(gòu)，還要求學(xué)生有大量的閱讀積淀和知識儲備，熟悉不同的話題和不同的題目考查方式。即便是細節(jié)理解題，大多數(shù)情況下考生也無法從文章中直接找到與選項表述完全一致的信息，而是需要在理解文章細節(jié)信息后作出歸納和判斷。通常一套卷中主旨大意、詞義猜測、寫作意圖/觀點態(tài)度類高難度試題的考查數(shù)量為2道左右，說明文考查此類題目的頻率較高，且命題點呈多樣化?？枷蝾A(yù)測預(yù)測2025年高考說明文閱讀理解試題難度會保持相對穩(wěn)定，主要考查題型仍然為細節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題為主，主旨大意題和詞義猜測題為輔。1/【全國甲卷】Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance,almostallanimalshavedistinctvocals(聲音)thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp,scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookforshelter.Butcatsarespecialcreatureswhopossessamazingvocalizationskills.Theyareabletohaveentireconversationswithhumansusingmeowsandyou'reabletointerpretit.Ifapetcatishungry,itwillkeepmeowingtoattractattentionandfindfood.However,whenacatislookingforaffection,theytendtoproducestretchedandsoftmeows.Meowingstartsassoonasababycatisbroughttolifeandusesittogetthemother'sattentionandbefed.Catshavemanyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.Theyusetheirnosestoassesstheirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.Theywilloutspecificareasbeforetheychooseaplacetorelax.However,anotherwaythecatsareabletodistinguishbetweensituationsisbylookingforfamiliarsmells.catwilllikelysmellyourfaceandstorethesmellinitsmemoryanduseittorecognizeyouinthefuture.That'swhymostpetcatsareabletotellimmediatelyiftheirownerswerearoundanyothercats,whichtheydon'tusuallylike.Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat'sbeenpresentinallkindsofpredators(食肉動物).Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersarejustdoingsomethingthatit'sbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!4.Whatcanbelearnedaboutcats'meowingfromthefirstparagraph?A.It'sasurvivalskill.B.It'staughtbymothercats.C.It'shardtointerpret.D.It'sgettinglouderwithage.5.Howdoesapetcatassessdifferentsituations?A.Bylisteningforsounds.B.Bytouchingfamiliarobjects.C.Bycheckingonsmells.D.Bymunicatingwithothercats.6.Whichbestexplainsthephrase"take...upnotch"inparagraph3?2/A.Performappropriately.B.Movefaster.C.Actstrangely.D.Dobetter.7.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.onFindingaSmartCatB.UnderstandingCat'sBehaviorC.HaveFunwithCatD.HowtoKeepCatHealthy說明文閱讀量大，生僻詞匯多，句式結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，這就需要考生有方法有技巧地去閱讀。一般我們采用的方法有三個：細讀、略讀和跳讀。（1）細讀重點。重點，就原文而言，就是文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容和態(tài)度；就答題而言，就是問題所對應(yīng)的題源句。以這個標準來衡量，需要重點閱讀的原文詞句就不會很多。宏觀方面：文章結(jié)構(gòu)；文章主題句；各段首末句；體現(xiàn)作者觀點態(tài)度的詞句。微觀方面：有轉(zhuǎn)折處；重要標點；句子主干。（2）有選擇地略讀或跳讀。在快速瀏覽了題干，初步把握了文章大意及結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上，可大膽進行略讀或跳讀，這樣不但可以加快閱讀速度，還更容易總體把握全文。在閱讀中可略讀或跳讀的內(nèi)容包括：①繁瑣的例證。為了說明問題，作者可能會借用形象的例子，有時候會比較繁瑣，雖能說明問題，但需要讀者花很多時間去閱讀。如果例子所說明的問題不明了，可通過略讀來理解；若例子所說明的問題比較明了，則例子部分可一帶而過。②并列多項列舉。有時許多功能相同的項目并列列舉，那么只讀其中一兩項即可，無需全讀。③無關(guān)大局的生僻詞匯。閱讀中經(jīng)常會遇到一些生詞，如果這些生詞對理解全文沒有影響或影響不大就可略過。④較長的人名、地名。有許多較長的表示人名、地名等的專有名詞，閱讀時可一掃而過或干脆用其首字母代替，不必試圖把整個專有名詞讀出來。在略讀過程中，要特別注意對解題有重要意義的詞、句、段等，并將其儲存在大腦里，以免回頭再查看費時費力?！?025Envisionafuturisticrooftopgardensoastutethatitiscapableofdiscerningtheoptimalmomentstohoardwaterinanticipationofaridconditions,andwhentoexpelwatertoavertinundation.Now,suchintelligentroofsaretransitioningfromtherealmoffantasytorealityintheNetherlands.asubstantialportionofthenationsituatedbelowsealevel,theNetherlandshaslongbeenacquaintedwiththeperilsofflooding.Theadventofclimatechangehasusheredinaneraofmoreextrememeteorological3/phenomena,includingtorrentialdownpoursandperiodsofdrought,pellingthecityofAmsterdamtocontemplatenovelstrategiesforselfpreservation,anditiswithinthiscontextthatResilioemergesasapivotalplayer.Aspertheassertionsontheirwebsite,ResilioisengagedintheconstructionofbluegreenroofsacrosstheexpanseofAmsterdam.Inconjunctionwiththelocalgovernmentalauthorities,fromtheyears2018throughto2022,theyhaveinstalledspecializedroofingsystemsintheneighborhoodsofAmsterdamthataremostvulnerabletotheravagesofflooddamage.Theseroofsareposedofamultitudeofstrata.Paramountamongtheselayersisthewaterretentionlayer.Duringepisodesofcopiousrainfall,thislayerservestoaccumulatetherainwaterthatwouldotherwiseinundatethestreets,andintimesofdrought,itchannelsitsstoredwatertonourishthegardensituatedontheuppermostlayer.Itisthisparticularlayerthatdistinguishesthebluegreenroofsfromtheirconventionalgreencounterparts.Researchindicatesthatbluegreenroofspossessthecapacitytocaptureasmuchas97%ofextremerainfall,instarkcontrasttothemere12%thatregulargreenroofscanretain.However,whattrulysetsResilioroofsapartistheirsophisticatedsystems.Anarrayofbluegreenroofsareinterconnectedviaadigitalmunicationnetwork,therebyenablingeachrooftobemanipulatedindependently,respondingtothevolumeofwateramassedonthatspecificroofasthesituationdemands.EachroofisalsoequippedwithavalvethatislinkedtoaputerizedsystemknownastheDecisionSupportSystem(DSS).TheDSSinterfaceswithlocalweatherprognosticationstodeterminewhetherthevalveonaparticularroofshouldbeopened,allowingwatertobedischargedinacontrolledandgradualmannerintotheseweragesystem,orwhetheritshouldremainsealedtocollecttheimpendingrain.TheseinnovationsarethehallmarksthatrenderResiliotrulyrevolutionary.Bluegreenroofsexemplifythattheremediestothehazardsposedbyclimatechangenecessitateablendofcreativityandamultifacetedapproach,operatingonvariouslevelstomitigatetheadverseofourchangingenvironment.8．WhatmaydirectlyleadtothebuildingofResilioroofsinAmsterdam?A．Theincreasingdisasters.B．Thecity’sfinancialsuffering.C．Theeverrisingsealevel.D．Thecity’sgeographicadvantage.9．WhatdoweknowaboutthewaterretentionlayerofResilioroofs?A．Theyareslowtodrought.B．Theyareabsolutelyperfect.C．Theyserveadoublepurpose.D．Theycantrapsolarenergy.4/10．WhatisthemainfunctionoftheDSSaccordingtothetext?A．collectweatherinformation.B．controltheuseofthevalve.C．helpthesewersystemwork.D．connectthedigitalnetwork.．Whatmightbethebesttitleofthispassage?A．SmartroofsystemsbeingarealityinAucklandB．ResiliobluegreenroofsystemspreventingdisastersC．TheworkingprincipleofthebluegreenroofsystemsD．ThedifferencesbetweenResilioroofsandregulargreenroofsPassage（1）【屆河南省鄭州市中原區(qū)鄭州中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期月模擬預(yù)測】Sadfishing,whichresearchersdefinedintheJournalofAmericanCollegeHealthin2021,referstothetrendofexaggeratingpersonalstrugglesonlinetogeneratesympathy.Itcouldbeintheformofasadphoto,anominousquote,orapostwithafoggymeaning.allmaybeguiltyofpostingsomethingweakandemotionalonsocialmediafromtimetotime,whichisn’tabadthing.Butpostingrepeatedlycouldbeasignofalargermentalhealthissueinteensoracryforhelp.JournalistRebeccaReidcoinedthetermin2019afteraquestionableInstagrampostbyKendallJenner.Inthepost,Jennerdescribeda“painfulstruggle”withacneandreceivedalargeamountofsympatheticresponsesfromherfollowers.However,itwaslaterrevealedthatherpostwasjustaplicatedmarketingplotforherskincarepartnershipwithProactiv,andReidlabeledherbehaviorassadfishing.ExpertssaysadfishingislikelyduetothefactthatachildorteenisstrugglingwithsomethingandwantstoletothersInthesecases,theyoftendon’tfeeltheyhaveapersontheyfeelfortablewithtosharetheirstruggleswithsotheyturntothesocialmediaworld.A2023studyfoundthatteenswhoparticipatedinsadfishingexhibitedsignsofanxietyanddepression,whilelowsocialsupportwasalargecontributingfactor.Researchersalsofoundthatboysreported“highersadfishingtendencies”thangirlsatage12,butthetrenddecreasedastheygotolder.Forgirls,thetrendincreasedwithage.5/Researchersfoundthat,inmostcases,responsestosadfishingpostswerepositiveandhelpful.Butinsomecases,therewerenegativeresponseswhichcouldleadtoincreasedstressoranxiety.“Whenasocialmediapostisunsuccessfulinseekingsympatheticresponses,itcanalsocausethepersonpostingittobemocked,”Dr.NissimMatheiswarns.“Especiallyifthepostisauthentic.”Andwhileanyresponseissupportiveforachild/teenwhofeelsunseenandunheard,itmayopenthemuptoprivacyviolationsandviolentbehavior.28．What’stheintentionofasocialmediauser’ssadfishing?A．shareanopinion.B．demonstrateonlineskills.C．makeaplaint.D．satisfyanemotionalneed.29．WhatcanweinferaboutJenner’sInstagramfollowers?A．Theyhadlittleknowledgeofacne.B．TheyhadtrustinProactiv’sproducts.C．TheywereprobablymisledbyJenner’sstory.D．Theywereencouragedbyonlineinformation.30．Whatdoweknowaboutteenagers’sadfishingtrends?A．Theypeakatage12forboys.B．Theydeclineafterage12forgirls.C．Theygenerallydecreaseasoneages.D．Theydisappearbeforeone’sadulthood.31．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mocked”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Calledon.B．Laughedat.C．Promoted.D．Supported.Passage（2）【屆黑龍江省六校聯(lián)盟高三上學(xué)期聯(lián)合適應(yīng)性考試】EngineersatPrincetonUniversityhavemeasuredthecoolingbenefitsofasimplesolutionforbeatingurbanheat:reflectingsunlightbackfromwhereitcamebyequippingbuildingwallsandroadwaysinurbancenterswithretroreflective(反光的)materials.climatechangeandtheincreasingfrequencyandpersistenceofextremeheatevents,morepeopleintheU.S.diefromextremeheatthanfromanyotherweatherrelateddisasterheatkillsmorethantornadoes,tsunamis,andhurricanesbined,”saidElieBouZeid,professorofcivilandenvironmentalengineering.Severaltechnologieshavebeenraisedtofightagainsttheissueofurbanoverheating,includingcoolpavementsandroofcoatings.However,whensunlighthitsthesecoolingtechnologies,itcanbekickedbackinanynumberofdirectionsinsteadofinonefocuseddirection,whichmeansthathighlyreflectivematerialscouldhaveanoppositeresultifappliedbecausesunlightcouldbereflectedontotheground,walls,andeventhepassersby.6/“Actually,retroreflectivematerialsarealreadyusedintransportation,wheretheyaremonlyfoundinroadsignsandpainttoimprovenighttimevisibility,butanimportantquestionishowefficientwecanmakethemandwhetherwecanengineerthemtohavetheperformanceswewant,”saidJyotirmoyMandal,assistantprofessorofcivilandenvironmentalengineering.Unlikemonhighlyreflectivematerials,retroreflectorscanreflectiningsunlightwithlimitedscattering(散射).Consequently,mostsunlighthittingaretroreflectoronabuildingwallorcitystreetwouldbedirectedbackinthesamedirectionitcamefromandoutoftheurbancanyon.Inthisway,theretroreflectorscanreleasethesunlightthatwouldotherwisebestuckintheurbancanyonandexacerbatetheurbanoverheatingproblem.Ultimately,theywanttocreateasetofguidelinesforpolicymakers,planners,andmaterialsengineers.Ifyou’reanurbanplanner,forexample,andyouknowthelatitudeofyourcity,thewidthheightratioandthedirectionofyourstreets,youcaneasilyusetheirresultstopickthesuitablesurfacesforapplyingtheseretroreflectivematerialsandestimatethecoolingbenefitsyoumightreceiveindoingso.8．WhatmayElieBouZeidwarnpeopleofinparagraph2?A．Thefrequencyofnaturaldisasters.B．Thieurgencyofkeepingpeoplecool.C．Theunpredictabilityofclimatechange.D．Thenecessityoftemperaturemonitoring.9．Whatisthelimitationofcurrentcoolingtechnologies?A．Influenceuponthecity’sappearance.B．Disturbanceoftheviewofpassesby.C．Productionofsomethingpoisonoustohumans.D．Inabilitytocontrolthedirectionofreflectedlight.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exacerbate”inparagraph5probablymean?A．Relieve.B．Cause.C．Intensify.D．Address.．Whatisprobablythefinalgoaloftheengineers?A．increaseurbangreenspaces.B．personalizereflectivematerials.C．simplifyexistingbuildingdesigns.D．reducecostsofconstructionmaterials.Passage（3）【屆山東省日照市高三下學(xué)期一?！縀verytimewemakeanewvideoorsendanemail,orpostaphotoofourlatestmeal,it’sliketurningonasmalllightbulb(燈泡)that’llneverbeturnedThispointstoanunfortableandextremelymodernquestion:helpsavetheplanet,shouldwebeusinglessdata?Givenhowmuchofmodernlifedependsondigitaldata,theanswercouldbeakeyaspecttolivingnoblyintheAIage.7/Whydopostsproducecarbonatall?WhenyousendapostonMoments,itgoesalongachainofenergyburningelectronics.routersendsthesignalalongwirestothelocalexchange—theboxonthestreetcorner—andfromtheretoatelespany,andfromtheretohugedatacentersoperatedbythetechgiants.Eachofthoserunsonelectricity,anditalladdsup.about400millionhomesworldwidehaveatleastone“smart”device—curtains,electriccookers,refrigerators,andpads.By2028,thatfigureisexpectedtonearlydouble.are,inotherwords,beingtakenintoaworldwhereit’shardertodoanythingwithoutturningonadigitallightbulb.Thisputsecoconsciousconsumersinabind.Afterall,whowouldliketobesomeonethatcan’tgettheirinformationproperlybecausethey’retoobusykeepingthecarbonfootprintoftheirsearchesdown?Intheabsenceofsystemicchange,worryingoverourindividualdatausagedecisionsis“l(fā)iketryingtoholdbackafloodwithabucketandspade(鐵鏟).”Still,there’ssomethingwecando.Whenwefaceadigitaldecision,thelessdatathirstyoptionwilloftenbethesmarterone.Blockingthirdpartytrackingwhenwe’reontheweb,forexample,notonlyreducesthepowerconsumptionofinternetbrowsing;it’salsogoodforyourprivacy.Morefundamentally,maybewedon’tneedtoturneverythingintodata.IfIputdownmyphonethenexttimeI’monatrain,itwon’tsavetheplanet.ButI’llbelookingoutthewindowwithmyowneyes,creatingamemorythatreleasesnocarbonatall.8．Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutdatausage?A．Itisenergyconsuming.B．Itiseasyandconvenient.C．Itsnegativeareignored.D．Itsbenefitsareunderestimated.9．Whatisthefunctionofparagraph2?A．entertain.B．inform.C．persuade.D．inspire.10．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“inabind”meaninparagraph3?A．Atrisk.B．Ataloss.C．Atease.D．Atadisadvantage.．Whatdoestheauthoremphasizeconcerningcarbonreductioninthelastparagraph?A．Theremovalofdigitaldata.8/B．Thepromotionofecotourism.C．Thevalueofpersonalcontribution.D．Thesignificanceofsystemicchange.Passage（4）【屆山東省日照市高三下學(xué)期一?！縀verytimewemakeanewvideoorsendanemail,orpostaphotoofourlatestmeal,it’sliketurningonasmalllightbulb(燈泡)that’llneverbeturnedThispointstoanunfortableandextremelymodernquestion:helpsavetheplanet,shouldwebeusinglessdata?Givenhowmuchofmodernlifedependsondigitaldata,theanswercouldbeakeyaspecttolivingnoblyintheAIage.Whydopostsproducecarbonatall?WhenyousendapostonMoments,itgoesalongachainofenergyburningelectronics.routersendsthesignalalongwirestothelocalexchange—theboxonthestreetcorner—andfromtheretoatelespany,andfromtheretohugedatacentersoperatedbythetechgiants.Eachofthoserunsonelectricity,anditalladdsup.about400millionhomesworldwidehaveatleastone“smart”device—curtains,electriccookers,refrigerators,andpads.By2028,thatfigureisexpectedtonearlydouble.are,inotherwords,beingtakenintoaworldwhereit’shardertodoanythingwithoutturningonadigitallightbulb.Thisputsecoconsciousconsumersinabind.Afterall,whowouldliketobesomeonethatcan’tgettheirinformationproperlybecausethey’retoobusykeepingthecarbonfootprintoftheirsearchesdown?Intheabsenceofsystemicchange,worryingoverourindividualdatausagedecisionsis“l(fā)iketryingtoholdbackafloodwithabucketandspade(鐵鏟).”Still,there’ssomethingwecando.Whenwefaceadigitaldecision,thelessdatathirstyoptionwilloftenbethesmarterone.Blockingthirdpartytrackingwhenwe’reontheweb,forexample,notonlyreducesthepowerconsumptionofinternetbrowsing;it’salsogoodforyourprivacy.Morefundamentally,maybewedon’tneedtoturneverythingintodata.IfIputdownmyphonethenexttimeI’monatrain,itwon’tsavetheplanet.ButI’llbelookingoutthewindowwithmyowneyes,creatingamemorythatreleasesnocarbonatall.8．Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutdatausage?A．Itisenergyconsuming.B．Itiseasyandconvenient.C．Itsnegativeareignored.D．Itsbenefitsareunderestimated.9/9．Whatisthefunctionofparagraph2?A．entertain.B．inform.C．persuade.D．inspire.10．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“inabind”meaninparagraph3?A．Atrisk.B．Ataloss.C．Atease.D．Atadisadvantage.．Whatdoestheauthoremphasizeconcerningcarbonreductioninthelastparagraph?A．Theremovalofdigitaldata.B．Thepromotionofecotourism.C．Thevalueofpersonalcontribution.D．Thesignificanceofsystemicchange.Passage（5）【湖北省武漢市第一中學(xué)學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期月聯(lián)考】Whensciencefictionandthescienceoftimemeet,theyinviteusintoadeepexplorationofthenatureoftime.Despiteitspresenceeverywhereindailylife,timeremainsamystery,withnodefinitivedefinition.Ourconceptoftimemaybeamentalshortcut,atoolforourlimitedbrainstoprehendchange.TheEnglishlanguagefrequentlyemploysthenoun“time,”yetwelackasatisfactoryexplanationforit.Concerningtime,quantum(量子)mechanicsanddailyexperiencesoftencontradicteachother,suggestingtime’splexityandambiguousnature.Ourmentalconceptionoftimemaynevercorrespondwithitsrealityintheuniverse,butthisshouldn’tstopusfromexploringit.Manysciencefictionquotestouchontime.RayCummings’1919novel,TheGirlintheGoldenAtom,amemorablequote:iswhatkeepseverythingfromhappeningatonce,”implyingtime’sstructuralroleintheuniverse.BlakeCrouch’sRecursionpresentsacontrastingview:isafalseimage,aconceptmadeoutofhumanmemory.”RobertCharlesSpinexploresvariousformsoftime,frompersonalmeasurementtocosmicscales,emphasizingourchallengingrelationshipwithit.S.D．Unwin’sOneSecondPerSecondsuggeststimeaschaoswithinacosmicplan,withpeopleandcivilizationsasitsplaythings.RobertV.S.Redick’sPointdescribestimeasatrickduetoourprehensionoftime’sCaptainJeanLucPicardfromStarsays,isapanionwhoremindsustocherishevery/moment,”emphasizingitsvalue.DavidBrin’sBrightnessReefdescribestimeasacrueljudge,punishingeventhesuccessfulandbrilliant.StephenBaxter’sTheShipscatchestime’sfrighteningnature,darkeninghumanachievementsinthevastnessoftime.travel,amajortopicofsciencefiction,isoftendiscussed.H.G.1895novelTheMachineposestheenduringquestionofwhethermovingbackwardandforwardintimeispossible.Thesequotesfromsciencefictionhighlightourtroubledrelationshipwithtimeandencourageustothinkmoredeeplyaboutitsreality.8．Whatistheoveralltoneofthetext?A．Inquiring.B．Pessimistic.C．Persuasive.D．Definitive.9．Whatcanbelearnedabouttimefromparagraph2?A．iseasytounderstandbuthasaplexnatureinscience.B．isamonconceptindailylifewellcorrespondingwithscientificreality.C．Dailyexperiencesoftengoagainstscientificunderstandingsoftime.D．Quantumphysicshasnoimpactonourunderstandingoftime.10．WhatdoesStephenBaxter’sTheShipsemphasize?A．a(chǎn)sapanionwhoremindsustocherisheverymoment.B．Theinsignificanceofhumansuccessesinthelonghistoryoftime.C．Thepossibilitytomovebackwardandforwardintimeatwill.D．Afalsebeliefduetoourprehensionoftime’s．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．Thehistoryoftimeandfamousquotesinsciencefiction.B．Thedefinitionoftimeinscientifictermsandtimetravel.C．Therelationshipbetweentimeanddailylife.D．Thescienceoftimeanditsexplorationinsciencefiction.Passage（6）【華中師范大學(xué)第一附屬中學(xué)學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期開學(xué)】Awaveofstartupssayseaweedisasolutiontoclimatechangeabletoabsorbatmosphericcarbon,providerawmaterialsforbiofuels,andfeedtheworldnofertilizers(化肥),freshwater,orevenlandrequired.RunningaMainebasedpany,isworkingonasystemthatwilleventuallysinkthebuoys(浮標),attachedwithlonglocksofseaweed,tothedeepoceanfloor,wherethecarbontheycontainwillremainstoredfor800yearsormore./RunningwasfoundedbyMartyOdlin,anengineerandfourthgenerationmercialfisherman.TheGulfofMaineiswarmingfasterthannearlyeveryotheroceanicregion,andOdlinhasseenthechangesfirsthand.About15yearsago,OdlinheardatalkfromKlausLacknerthephysicistwhopopularisedtheideaofremovingcarbonfromtheatmosphere.Itclicked.“Itwaslike,oh,thisisrightbecausethere’snowaywe’regoingtogetfossil(化石的)fuelsinthenext50years,”herecallsthinking.regoingtohavetopullitdown.”Usingseaweedtodrawdowncarbonwouldbeanelegantsolutionifitworks.SeaweedforestscollectivelycoveranestimatedtwomillionsquarekilometersandabsorbasmuchcarbonastheAmazonrainforest.Butmuchofthatstorageisshortlived.Whentheseaweedisharvested,eatenbyanimals,orwashesashore,itsstoredcarbonisreleasedbackintotheatmosphere.Runningmodel,intheoryatleast,wouldtakethatstoredcarbonandsinkittotheoceanfloorwhereitwouldremainforcenturies,breakingdownslowly.Somescientistsarecarefulaboutrushingaheadbeforefundamentalscientific,environmental,andregulatoryquestionsareanswered.“Climatechangeisintensifying,andpeoplearepanicking,”saysKristenDavis,aprofessorofUniversityofCaliforniaIrvine,“butthescienceisnotthereyettoactuallyconfirmthatit’sagoodidea.”8．WhatcanwelearnaboutRunningsystem?A．Itremovescarbonfromseaweed.B．Itturnsseaweedintofertilizers.C．Itsinksseaweedintotheoceanfloor.D．Itstoresseaweedasfoodsources.9．WhatdidLackner'sspeechleadOdlintodo?A．Monitorchangesinoceanicregions.B．Reducemercialfishingindustry.C．Setrestrictionsontheuseoffossilfuels.D．Removecarbonfromtheatmosphere.10．Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．Stepsofacarbonreplacementmethod.B．Theunderlyinglogicofsinkingseaweeds.C．Examplesofmassiveseaweedforests.D．Thecarbonabsorbingabilityofseaweeds.．WhydoestheauthorquoteKristenDavis?A．proveOdlin'sopinion.B．emphasisetheclimatecrisis.C．a(chǎn)dvocatescientists'cooperation.D．presenttheissueobjectively.Passage（7）學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期2月聯(lián)考】/paralyzedpatientshavebeenabletowalkshortdistancesandevenclimbstairsafterbeingimplantedwithelectrodes(電極)intheirbrains.Inaworldfirst,surgeonsusedatechniquecalleddeepbrainstimulationto“reawaken”inactivenervefibersinthespinalcordandreestablishcontrolofthelegmuscles.ThebreakthroughcameafterneuroscientistsattheSwissFederalInstituteinLausanne(EPFL)usedAItomapalltheneuronsinthebraininvolvedinhelpingratsandmicewalk.theirsurprise,aregioncalledthelateralhypothalamus—knowntobeinvolvedinarousalandmotivation—wasfoundtohavearoleinwalking.ItwassounexpectedthatthefindingwasinitiallyquestionedbyotherscientistswhopeerreviewedthepaperforthejournalNatureMedicine.Aftersuccessfultestsinratsandmice,theSwissteamthenimplantedelectrodesinthelateralhypothalamusofthehumanpatients.Thetechniqueiscarriedoutwhilepatientsarewideawake.Onlythencansurgeonsbesuretheyhavereachedtherightareainthebrain,withtherightstrengthofstimulation.ProfessorJocelyneBloch,whocarriedouttheoperationsatLausanneUniversityHospital,said:“Oncetheelectrodewasinplaceandweperformedthestimulation,thefirstpatientimmediatelysaid,‘Ifeelmylegs’.Whenweincreasedthestimulationshesaid,‘Ifeeltheurgetowalk!’”Scientistsbelievethelateralhypothalamussendssignalsdownnervefibresthatremainundamagedafterthespinalinjury,whichhelpsengagetheremainingnerveconnectionsandimproveneurologicalrecovery.”Thetwopatientsdidnotmakeapleterecoveryfromtheirinjury,andwereonlyabletowalkslowlyovershortdistanceswithastickor“walker”.ButtheLausanneteamhasalreadyshownitispossibletorestoremovementbyusingimplantsinthespinalcord.Theyhopethatstimulatingboththespineandthebraininfuturewillenhancerecoveryandhelppatientswalkfurtherandfaster.8．Whatprocedureallowedthepatientstoregainsomemobility?A．Deepbrainstimulation.B．Spinalcordrecovery.C．Legmusclesimprovement.D．Artificialintelligencemapping.9．Whatwasthefirstreactionofotherscientiststothediscovery?A．Excitement.B．Skepticism.C．Acceptance.D．Indifference.10．Whyisthetechniqueperformedwhilethepatientisawake?A．minimizesuigicalrisks.B．speeduptheimplantationprocess.C．confirmthecorrectspotandstimulationlevel./D．ensurethepatientexperiencesminimaldisfort.．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．ArtificiallimbsareusedforrecoveryB．BrainparthasnewrolesinmovementC．RegainingtheabilitytowalkrequireshitechD．ParalyzedpatientswalkwithbrainelectrodesPassage（8）【廣東省紅嶺中學(xué)學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期第五次統(tǒng)一考試】Fancylettingamachinemediate(調(diào)解)yourargument?ItcouldbethelatestapplicationforAIasresearchersrevealitsmysteriousrecipeforfindingmongroundinculturewarconflicts.ScientistsatGoogle’sDeepMindprojectdesignedwhattheycalltheHabermasMachine,alargelanguageAIinspiredbyGermanphilosopherJürgenHabermas’theoryofmunicativeaction—theideathatmonunderstandingfosterscooperation.Itworksbytakingdifferingwrittenviewsonacontentious(爭議的)topicandingupwithasetofstatementsdesignedtokeepeveryonehappy.Researchersfoundthatthemachine’smusings(想法)werepreferred56%ofthetimeparedtostatementsproducedbyhumanmediators.ParticipantsalsofoundtheAIresponsetobemorelogicalandinformative.StudycoauthorProfChrisSummerfield,fromtheUni