主題群四科學與技術

話題25科技發(fā)展與信息技術創(chuàng)新，信息安全

Ⅰ.閱讀理解

TheBigThinkersSeriesfromNewScientisteventsfeaturesfouronlinetalks，

coveringawiderangeoftopicsbyworld－classscientistspeakersandexperts.Ifyou

arecuriousaboutyourplanetoryouruniverse，thenthisseriesisyourplacetohearthe

latestresearch.

Save￡20offthestandardticketpricebypurchasingaseriestickettoallfour

talksintheBigThinkersSeries(availableondemand)orpurchasesingleticketsfor

just￡13perlecture(availablebyearlybooking).

Reality＋：FromtheMatrixtotheMetaversewithDavidChalmers

Inthistalk，philosopherDavidChalmersarguesthatMetaverse－stylevirtual

worldsexperiencedthroughheadsetsarealsogenuineandmeaningfulrealitiesandwe

canliveameaningfullifeinVR.

WhatWedon’tKnowAboutGravitywithClaudiadeRham

Weareallfamiliarwiththeconceptofgravity.Inthistalk，ProfessorClaudiade

Rhamwillexplorehowmuchweactuallyknowaboutgravityandhowmuchmore

thereislefttouncover.

ABriefHistoryofTimekeepingwithChadOrzel

FromStonehengetoatomicclocks，hereisthe5，000－yearhistoryofhow

scienceisusedtomarktime.ChadOrzel，theinternationallybestsellingauthorofHow

toTeachQuantumPhysicstoYourDog，offersusawittyjourneythroughscientific

theoryandquirky(離奇的)historicaldetail.

PhysicsattheEndoftheUniversewithKatieMack

TheBigBangtheorytellsthestoryofthebeginningoftheuniverseforthelast

13.8billionyears.Buthowdoesthestoryend?JoinastronomerKatieMackasshe

shareswhatmodernastrophysics(天體物理學)tellsusaboutthefinalfateofthe

universe.

【語篇解讀】本文是應用文。文章是一則廣告，介紹《新科學家》舉辦的大思

想家系列活動的四場在線講座。

1.Howmuchdoesaseriesticketcost?

A.￡13.B.￡20.

C.￡30.D.￡32.

答案D[數(shù)字計算題。根據(jù)第二段“Save￡20offthestandardticketpriceby

purchasingaseriestickettoallfourtalks...orpurchasesingleticketsforjust￡13per

lecture”可知，單場的票價是13英鎊，購買一個系列可以節(jié)約20英鎊，因此買

一個系列的票價為：4×13－20＝32(英鎊)。]

2.WhatwillChadOrzellecturein?

A.Thegenuinereality.

B.Thesecretsofgravity.

C.Thehistoryoftimemarking.

D.Thefinalfateoftheuniverse.

答案C[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ABriefHistoryofTimekeepingwithChadOrzel部分

的“FromStonehengetoatomicclocks，hereisthe5，000－yearhistoryofhow

scienceisusedtomarktime...throughscientifictheoryandquirkyhistoricaldetail.”

可知，ChadOrzel的講座是關于時間標記的歷史。]

3.Whatdothefourtalkshaveincommon?

A.Theyareallaimedatsciencelovers.

B.Theyareallconcernedwithgravity.

C.Theywillallbegivenbybestsellingauthors.

D.Theywillallbegivenbyexcellentphysicians.

答案A[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Ifyouarecuriousaboutyourplanetor

youruniverse，thenthisseriesisyourplacetohearthelatestresearch.”可知，這四個

講座的共同之處是它們都是針對科學愛好者的。]

(2024·湖北沙市中學模擬預測)

Mostofusspendourlivessurroundedbyscreens，whichofferusconvenienceas

wellasconnectionandanoceanofinformation.Butsinceit’seasytofeelpressuredto

keepupwitheverynotification，technologymayfeelmorelikeaburdenthana

blessing.Thus，theideaof“digitaldetox”isbecomingincreasinglyinviting.

Thephrase“digitaldetox”describesgettingridofTV，phones，computersand

otherformsoftechnologythatcontrolourlivesforaperiodoftime.Someexperts

advocatecompletelyavoidingunnecessaryscreentimefor30years.Otherssuggest

usinganappthatwilllimittheamountoftimeonecanspendoncertainwebsites.A

thirdoptionisloggingoutineveningsoronweekends.Otherssimplyturntheirphones

offatscheduledtimes.Someevenpayhighpricestotakevacationsinplaceswhere

theycanunplugfromtheirdigitalroutine.

Whymightyouwanttotakeadigitaldetox?Perhapsyoufindthatyouare

spendinglongerthanyouintendoncertainappsorthattheydistractyoufrommore

importantthings.Perhapssocialmediaisdepressingbecauseyoucompareyourselfto

othersoryoufearmissingoutonthingsthatotherpeopleareenjoying.Constant

negativenewscanalsogiverisetoalotofstress.

Technologycanalsohavephysicaleffects.Manypeopleexperiencebackorneck

painasaresultofbendingoverscreens.Thebluelightcomingfrommostscreenscan

alsoaffectpeople’ssleepbypreventingproductionofmelatonin(褪黑激素).

Givingupallscreensmaynotberealistic，butstrategicbreaksfromtechnology

maybegoodforyourbody，mind，emotionsandrelationships.Itishightimethatyou

pickedatimetoturnoffyourdevicesandfocusonreallyimportantthings.

【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了“數(shù)字脫癮”，以及數(shù)字產(chǎn)品給

我們帶來的影響。

4.Whydoestheauthorsay“technologymayfeelmorelikeaburdenthanablessing”in

paragraph1?

A.Toconfirmaconcept.B.Topresentaproblem.

C.Toexplainarule.D.Tomakeaprediction.

答案B[寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第一段中“Mostofusspendourlivessurroundedby

screens...tokeepupwitheverynotification”可知，科技帶來了便利，但人們也會容

易感到有壓力，所以作者說“技術可能更像是一種負擔，而不是一種祝?！笔菫?/p>

了呈現(xiàn)問題，引出話題“數(shù)字脫癮”。]

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unplug”inparagraph2mean?

A.Recover.B.Benefit.

C.Escape.D.Suffer.

答案C[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thephrase‘digitaldetox’describes

gettingridofTV...controlourlivesforaperiodoftime.”可知，“數(shù)字脫癮”是指擺

脫電視、電話等數(shù)字生活，所以此處unplugfromtheirdigitalroutine是指擺脫數(shù)字

生活，unplug是“擺脫，脫離”的意思。]

6.Whichcouldbethereasonforonetostart“digitaldetox”？

A.Appsselectiondifficulty.

B.Fearofmissingimportantthings.

C.Exposuretofalsenews.

D.Pressurefromsocialcomparison.

答案D[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Perhapssocialmediaisdepressing...that

otherpeopleareenjoying.”可知，一個人可能開始“數(shù)字脫癮”的原因是把自己和

別人比較，也就是來自社會比較的壓力。]

7.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?

A.Torecommendhealthylifestyles.

B.Tocallforreducingtheuseofdigitaldevices.

C.Togiveinstructionsonstartingdigitaldetox.

D.Topresentdifferentattitudestodigitalproducts.

答案B[寫作意圖題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Givingupallscreensmaynotbe

realistic...toturnoffyourdevicesandfocusonreallyimportantthings.”可知，作者認

為是關掉你的設備專注于重要的事情的時候了，可以推測出文章的目的是呼吁減

少使用數(shù)碼設備。]

Ⅱ.完形填空

Itwasjustatypicalmorningofanordinaryworkday.Iwasatthe1，onmywayto

thelabwhereIwasapostdoctoralfellow.Butsomethingbeganto2insideme

asIwatchedthepeoplearoundme—headphoneshangingfromtheirears，3cast

down，unsmilingfaces.Theylookedunhappy.AndIrealizedthatIwasoneof

them.Suddenly，Icouldnolonger4withmyworklifeandbookedaone－way

tickettoflyhome.

Overtheyears，Ihadgrownmore5duetothepressureoffinishingmy

Ph.D.ThosewhocouldhavebeenpartnersbecamecompetitorsIdislikedandtheeffect

ofthiscompetitionwasexactlythe6ofwhatIhadhopedfor.Ibegantofeel

lonelyand7.Ibecamelessandlessproductiveinmyscientificwork.I8

mybreakingpointthatdayatthebusstop.Ihadtoendthis.Iemailedmyprofessors，

explainingthatIhadputthe9firstandmyselfsecondfortoolong.

ShortlyafterIgotbackhome，Istartedtoreceivesomeemailsfrommyworkmates—I

guessedtheyexpectedmetojointhemagainsoon.Afterafew10askinghowI

was，intheemailsmanyexpressedtheirstressofacademiclife.Vulnerableresearchers

were11theirheadsoutoftheirshells(殼)，seekinghelp.Itoccurredtomethat

weall12sometimes，andourvulnerability(脆弱)seemedsomuchalikethatI

13myselffromallthathadbotheredmefordays.Actuallyitcanbea14

game，insteadofonewhereonesidegainswhiletheothersideloses.Workingwith

othersandaskingforhelpdoesn’tmakemycontributions15：itmeanswecanall

succeed.

【語篇解讀】本文是夾敘夾議文。文章講述了作者在等公交車去實驗室的時候，

發(fā)現(xiàn)周圍的人行色匆匆，并不快樂，意識到自己太長時間把自己的職業(yè)放在了第

一位，而忽視了自身的快樂。作者認為：與他人合作并尋求幫助并不會讓自己的

貢獻變得不重要；這意味著我們都可以成功。

1.A.cafeshopB.bookstore

C.supermarketD.busstop

答案D[A.cafeshop咖啡店；B.bookstore書店；C.supermarket超市；D.busstop

公交車站。根據(jù)下文“onmywaytothelab”可知，作者要去實驗室，在公交站等公

交車。]

2.A.awakenB.tackle

C.settleD.disappear

答案A[A.awaken覺醒；B.tackle處理；解決；C.settle安排；D.disappear消失。

根據(jù)下文“IrealizedthatIwasoneofthem”可知，當作者看到別人戴著耳機眼睛低

垂不茍言笑的時候，覺醒到自己也是其中之一。]

3.A.noseB.eyes

C.neckD.arms

答案B[A.nose鼻子；B.eyes眼睛；C.neck脖子；D.arms胳膊。根據(jù)下文“They

lookedunhappy”可知，作者在說面部表情，所以應該是眼睛低垂。]

4.A.goB.continue

C.combineD.exchange

答案B[A.go去；B.continue繼續(xù)；C.combine聯(lián)合；D.exchange交換。根據(jù)下

文“bookedaone－waytickettoflyhome.”可知，作者產(chǎn)生了厭倦之心，不愿意

再繼續(xù)工作生活。]

5.A.matureB.academic

C.competitiveD.positive

答案C[A.mature成熟的；B.academic學術的；C.competitive有競爭力的；

D.positive積極的。根據(jù)下文“duetothepressureoffinishingmyPh.D”可知，作者有

完成博士學位的壓力，所以變得更加愛競爭。]

6.A.outputB.alternative

C.caseD.opposite

答案D[A.output產(chǎn)量；B.alternative可供選擇的事物；C.case情況；例子；

D.opposite相反的東西。根據(jù)上文“Thosewhocouldhavebeenpartnersbecame

competitorsIdisliked”可知，競爭的結(jié)果不是作者希望的，是與作者的希望相反的。]

7.A.inspiredB.lost

C.pureD.guilty

答案B[A.inspired受啟發(fā)的；B.lost迷失的；C.pure純潔的；D.guilty內(nèi)疚的。

根據(jù)上文“ThosewhocouldhavebeenpartnersbecamecompetitorsIdisliked”以及“I

begantofeellonely”可知，作者因失去了不想失去的東西而感到孤獨，分析四個選

項，B項“l(fā)ost(迷失的)”含義與句子表達的含義一致。]

8.A.spottedB.marked

C.hitD.set

答案C[A.spotted看見；B.marked標記；C.hit擊打；碰觸；D.set放置。根據(jù)

下文“mybreakingpoint”可知，在公交車站，作者的壞情緒達到了極限，分析四個

選項，hitthebreakingpoint為固定短語，含義為：達到了崩潰的極限。]

9.A.evaluationB.adaptation

C.comprehensionD.occupation

答案D[A.evaluation評估；B.adaptation適應；C.comprehension理解；

D.occupation職業(yè)。根據(jù)上文“Ihadtoendthis”以及下文“myselfsecondfortoolong”

可知，作者向教授解釋自己把職業(yè)放在第一位的時間太長了。]

10.A.jokesB.lines

C.callsD.accounts

答案B[A.jokes笑話；B.lines行；C.calls電話；D.accounts賬戶。根據(jù)上文

“ShortlyafterIgotbackhome，Istartedtoreceivesomeemailsfrommyworkmates”

可知，作者在看別人寫給他的信。]

11.A.stickingB.standing

C.bringingD.figuring

答案A[A.sticking伸出；B.standing站；C.bringing帶來；D.figuring弄明白。

根據(jù)下文“theirheadsoutoftheirshells”可知，此處作者使用比喻的手法，把脆弱的

研究人員比喻成烏龜，從殼子里面伸出頭尋求幫助。]

12.A.chokeB.urge

C.sufferD.hesitate

答案C[A.choke噎??；B.urge敦促；C.suffer遭受痛苦；D.hesitate猶豫；根據(jù)

下文“ourvulnerabilityseemedsomuch”可知，作者感受到了每個人都有遭受痛苦的

時候。]

13.A.discouragedB.banned

C.freedD.prevented

答案C[A.discouraged使……灰心；B.banned禁止；C.freed解脫；D.prevented

預防。根據(jù)下文“fromallthathadbotheredme”可知，作者把自己從幾天來困擾自

己的一切中解脫出來。]

14.A.brand－newB.non－controversial

C.so－calledD.win－win

答案D[A.brand－new嶄新的；B.non－controversial不會引起爭議的；C.so－

called所謂的；D.win－win雙贏的。根據(jù)下文“insteadofonewhereonesidegains

whiletheothersideloses”可推理出，這是一場雙贏的游戲。]

15.A.unimportantB.improper

C.irregularD.illogical

答案A[A.unimportant不重要的；B.improper不合適的；C.irregular不規(guī)則的；

D.illogical不合邏輯的。根據(jù)下文“itmeanswecanallsucceed”可知，作者認為與他

人合作并尋求幫助意味著我們都可以成功，并不會讓我的貢獻變得不重要。]

Ⅲ.語法填空

(2024·山東省濰坊市高三二模)

DoctorsintheJohnsHopkinsUniversitySchoolofMedicinehavefollowedthe

meal－timehabitsofmorethan500peopleforsixyears，1.(find)

weightchangeismostaffectedbythesizeand2.(frequent)ofmeals

ratherthantheinterval(間隔)fromfirsttolastmeal.Itchallengesthepopulartrendof

intermittentfasting(禁食)3.ausefulweightlossstrategy.

Intermittentfasting，alsoreferredtoastime－restrictedfeeding，isadietary

strategywhereallmeals4.(consume)duringashortwindowoftime

eachday.Thesewindowscanextendfrom6to10hours，resultinginaperson

essentiallyfastingforupto18hourseachday.

Theideareveals5.isnolinkbetweenthetimeofaperson’seating

windoweachdayandweightchanges.“Basedonotherstudiesthathavecomeout，

including6.(we)，wearestartingtothinktimingofmealsmostlikely

doesn’tproduce7.instantimpactonweightloss，”saiddoctor

Bennett.“Whatdoesmatter，however，isthetotalnumberofmediumandlargemeals

apersoneatsovertheday.”Itsuggestssimplyeatingsmallermeals，lessfrequently，

is8.ultimatelyleadstoweightloss.

Allofthisdoesn’tmeanintermittentfastingstrategieswon’thelp.Butwhatdoes

seemincreasinglyclearisthattheweightlossbenefitsoccasionally9.

(see)withtheseeatingstrategiesmaybeprimarilydrivenbyareducedcaloricintake.It

doesn’tmeanyoucansimplyeatallyouwantinashortwindoweachdayandstill

expect10.(lose)weight.

【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章介紹了一項新的研究。研究表明，影響體