最新人教版版八年級下冊英語一至三單元知識點(diǎn)Unit1What’sthematter?1.What’sthematterwithyou?=What’sthetroublewithyou?=What’swrongwithyou?你怎么了,matter和trouble為名詞，其前可加the或形容詞性物主代詞，wrong是adj.不能加the用于詢問某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻煩、問題其后跟詢問對象時(shí)，與介詞with連用。即:What’sthematterwithsb.?=What’syourtrouble?=What’sup?=Whathappenstosb.?2.Ihadacold.我感冒了。haveacold=catchacold=havetheflu感冒haveafever發(fā)燒haveacough咳嗽haveastomachache胃疼，肚子疼haveatoothache牙疼haveaheadache頭疼3.身體部位+ache(疼痛)構(gòu)成新的復(fù)合詞stomach+ache=stomachachehead+ache=headachetooth+ache=toothacheback+ache=backache后背痛4.muchtoo+形容詞，意為太......，toomuch+名詞，意為很多，大量。5.enough【形容、副詞】足夠的/地，enough放在名前后，形副后。goodenough足夠好，enoughmoney=muchmoney6.liedown躺下，lie躺，躺著，過去式lay;lie說謊，過去式liedtknowthetruth.Itsoundslikea7.soundlike+名詞代詞和從句:Itsoundslikeyoudon’goodidea.sound+形容詞，“聽起來，好像”，Themusicsoundsnice.8.need需要，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞need+名詞，需要某物;needtodosth.需要做某事，主語通常是人，表示人主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作:Youneedtolistencarefullyduringclass.needdoingsth.主語通常是物，表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作:Yourdirtyclothesneedwashing.9.getoff(thebus)下(公交車)geton上車10.agree同意，贊同;agreewithsth.同意某事agreetosb.同意某人的意見12.beintrouble遇到麻煩，maketrouble制造麻煩，havetrouble(in)doingsth.=havedifficulties(in)doingsth做......有麻煩。13.rightaway=rightnow=atonce，意為馬上。14.【復(fù)習(xí)】advice[不可數(shù)名詞]勸告，建議，向?征求意見，givesb.adviceonsth.就某事給某人建議;advise[動(dòng)詞]advisesb.todosth.建議某人做某事advisesb.doingsth.15.hurt及物動(dòng)詞，使??疼痛，??受傷，Hehurthislegwhileexercising.不及物動(dòng)詞，??(部位)疼。Hisleghurtbadly.16.hit(用手或器具)打;擊打Theboyhitthedogwithastone.hitsb.onthehead/nose/back打某人的頭、鼻子、后背，on用在所打較硬的部位;hitsb.intheface/eye/stomach打某人的臉、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打較軟的部位。17.beusedtosth./doingsth.習(xí)慣于、適應(yīng)了??、做某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài);Hisgrandpawasusedtocountrylife.Maryisnotusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.get/becomeusedtosth./doingsth.“變得習(xí)慣，逐漸適應(yīng)??”強(qiáng)調(diào)過程、動(dòng)作:It’sdifficultforonetogetusedtoanothercountry’shabit.18.Whenhiswaterrunout,heknewthathewouldhavetodosomethingtosavehisownlife.物:sth.runout.某物用盡了。人:sb.runoutofsth.人用盡了某物。Herunoutofallhismoneylastnight.19.risk(sb.)todosth.冒險(xiǎn)去做某事takearisk=takerisks冒險(xiǎn)20.theimportanceof(doing)sth.(做)某事的重要性Westudentsshouldknowtheimportanceof(learning)English.importancen.重要(性)，importantadj.重要的，unimportantadj.不重要的21.decision【名詞】決定;抉擇;makeadecision做決定;makeadecisiontodosth.=decidetodosth.。22.beinthecontrolof?掌管，管理Theheadmasterisinthecontrolofthisnewschool.beoutofcontrol無法控制，無法管理beundercontrol被控制住，在控制之中23.mind意為介意，minddoingsth.介意做某事,Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?24.giveup(doi年g)sth.放棄(做)某事，giveup(playing)computergames;二、重點(diǎn)語法【用法】1.可用作賓語，指的是賓語和主語表示同一個(gè)或同一些的人或事物。如:Mariaboughtherselfascarf.Wemustlookafterourselvesverywell.2.可用作表語，指的是表語和主語表示同一個(gè)或同一些人或事物。如:Sheisn’tquiteherselftoday.3.可用作主語或賓語的同位語，常用來加強(qiáng)語氣。如:SheherselfwillflytoLondontomorrow.Imetthewriterhimselflastweek.4.用在某些固定短語當(dāng)中。如:lookafteroneself/takecareofoneself照顧自己teachoneselfsth./learnsth.byoneself自學(xué)enjoyoneself玩得高興，過得愉快helponeselftosth請自用??(隨便吃/喝些??).hurtoneself摔傷自己saytooneself自言自語leavesb.byoneself把某人單獨(dú)留下buyoneselfsth.給自己買??東西introduceoneself介紹??自己提醒1.反身代詞不能單獨(dú)做主語，但可以做主語的同位語，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。如:我自己能完成作業(yè)。(誤)Myselfcanfinishmyhomework.(正)Imyselfcanfinishmyhomework./Icanfinishmyhomeworkmyself.2.反身代詞表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的東西”，因?yàn)樗鼪]有所有格的形式。表達(dá)“某人自己的(東西)”時(shí)，須要用one’sown.如:我用我自己的蠟筆畫畫。(誤)I’mdrawingwithmyselfcrayons.(正)I’mdrawingwithmyowncrayons.Unit2I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks一、基本知識點(diǎn)1.sick生病的，有病的;可在句中作表語Marycouldnotcomebecausesheissick.也可作定語asickchild【區(qū)別ill】ill與sick同義;但是只在句中做表語，不做定語。Marycouldnotcomebecausesheisill.2.cheer(sb.)up(讓某人)變得高興;振奮起來Thegoodnewscheeredupeveryoneinourclass.3.giveout分發(fā);散發(fā)=handout.Theteacherisgivingout/handingoutthetestpapers.givesth.outtosb.意為把某物分發(fā)給某人4.volunteer【名詞】志愿者【動(dòng)詞】義務(wù)做，自愿做(某事)volunteertodosth.\自愿做某事，Thegirlscouldvolunteerinanafter-schoolstudyprogram.5.usedtodosth.過去/曾經(jīng)(常)做某事，表示過去的習(xí)慣、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，并強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再存在或發(fā)生。Thereusedtobeacinemahere.這里曾有一個(gè)照相機(jī)。Theytoldmestoriesaboutthepastandhowthingsusedtobe.他們告訴我關(guān)于這里過去的故事。6.alone【形容詞】獨(dú)自一人的，無感情色彩:Themusicianenjoyedlivingaloneandwritingsongshimself.lonely(感到)孤獨(dú)寂寞的，帶有很強(qiáng)的感情色彩，可做表語或定語。Thelonelyboyisnotlonelynow.7.careforsb./sth.照顧;照料……care【名詞】小心，關(guān)心takecareof=lookafter?【動(dòng)詞】careaboutsb./sth.關(guān)心，在意某人/事?【形容詞】careful仔細(xì)的/careless粗心的?【副詞】carefully仔細(xì)地8.such“這樣的，這種，如此”，用于修飾名詞such+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞:suchagoodday多么美好的一天/suchanexcitingmatch多么精彩的比賽such+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞:suchimportantdecisions多么重要的建議suchdeliciousfood多么美味的食物如果名詞前被many,much,few,little修飾時(shí)，只能用so，而不用such:somanysickchildren/solittletime9.tryoutfor…參加選拔，爭取成為…ThirtyfootballplayerstriedoutfortheBestPlayeroftheyear.tryout試用，試驗(yàn)10.journey(尤指長途)旅行行程;trip多指短途旅行;traveltravelaroundtheworld?【名詞】traveler旅行者11.【復(fù)習(xí)】bebusywithsth.忙于(做)什么事情bebusydoingsth.忙于(做)什么事情12.trydoingsth.試著去做某事trytodosth.盡力去做某事tryone’sbest(todosth.)盡某人最大的努力去做某事13.【復(fù)習(xí)】beworriedaboutsb./sth.=worryaboutsb./sth.擔(dān)心某人、某事14.raisemoney集資，籌錢;raisemoneyfor…為……籌錢raise【動(dòng)詞】舉起;提高;募集15.keep【動(dòng)詞】keep+名詞，保留(某物);keep+形容詞，保持16.【形容詞】broken破損的，出毛病的;blind瞎的，失明的;deaf聾的;disabled有殘疾的，喪失能力的;在句中做定語和表語。17.makeitpossible(forsb.)todosth.使(某人)做某事成為可能，makeit+形容詞(+forsb.)todosth.使(某人)做某事成為…;think/findit+形容詞todosth.18.makeadifferenceto…對……有影響;對……有作用，difference前可以用no,any,some,much等修飾，如Therainmadenodifferencetothegame.Hard-workingmakesmuchdifferencetostudy.19.difficulty【可數(shù)/不可數(shù)】表示抽象意義的“困難”時(shí)為不可數(shù);表示具體的“難題、難事”時(shí)為可數(shù);havedifficulty(in)doingsth.=havetrouble(in)doingsth.做某事有困難20.train【動(dòng)詞】訓(xùn)練，trained為過去分詞，可做定語，意為“受過訓(xùn)練的”atraineddog21.beexcitedaboutsth.對某事感到興奮，Everyoneisexcitedaboutthegoodnews.22.order【名詞】命令，指示;順序，次序【動(dòng)詞】訂購;點(diǎn)(菜)followtheorder。23.change【動(dòng)詞】變化，改變It’shardforapersontochangehislife(style).【名詞】變化;零changeAforB用A換成B:WhenyoutravelinChina,remembertochangeUSdollarsforRMB.24.repair【動(dòng)詞】修理，修補(bǔ);fix【動(dòng)詞】安裝;使固定【fixup修理=repair】Unit3Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?1.Peter,couldyoupleasetakeoutthetrash?彼得，你能把垃圾倒了嗎,Couldyoupleasedosth?請你(做)......好嗎,用于提出請求，希望得到對方的肯定回答，說話的語氣比較客氣委婉。Could不是can的過去式，是委婉、禮貌的說法。回答用can.【常用答語】肯定回答:Sure./Ofcourse./Certainly./Noproblem.否定回答:Sorry,Ican’t2、takeout取出(v+adv)【注】:跟代詞做賓語，代詞放中間;跟名詞做賓語，可放在中間，也可放在后邊takeoutthetrash倒垃圾takeawalk散步takeaway拿走takeback收回takeplace發(fā)生takeoff脫下;起飛3.Canyoudothedishes.,那你可以洗盤子嗎,dothedishes洗碗1.dothe+名詞:dothedishes/laundry洗餐具/衣服2.dothe+動(dòng)詞-ingdothecleaning打掃衛(wèi)生結(jié)構(gòu)3.doone’s+名詞doone’shomework做家庭作業(yè)4.dosome+動(dòng)詞-ingdosomereading/shopping讀寫書/購物4、CouldIatleastfinishwatchingthisshow?至少讓我看完這個(gè)節(jié)目可以嗎,1】CouldIdosth?我可以做......嗎,用于表達(dá)請求，語氣比較委婉。CouldIgooutwithmyclassmatethisweekend?2】atleast至少，。(反)atmost至少，不超過Nowallofusexerciseatleastanhouradayandoutsideschool.3】finishv結(jié)束;完成finishdoingsth做完某事—Canyoufinish__reading__thesebooksbefore10o’clock?5、IthinktwohoursofTVisenoughforyou!我覺得你看兩個(gè)小時(shí)的電視已經(jīng)足夠了。1】twohoursofTV表示時(shí)間、距離、金額、度量等詞語作主語時(shí)，通常被視作整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Howtimeisflies!Threeyears__is_____(be)reallyashorttime.【注意】enough修飾名詞時(shí)，置于名詞前;修飾形容詞時(shí)，置于形容詞之后。Mr.Smithhasenoughmoney,butheisn’tkindenoughtohelpothers.6、Couldyoutakeouttherubbish,foldtheclothesanddothedishes?你能把垃圾倒了。把衣服疊好，再把碗洗了嗎,take的用法:1.拿取Pleasetakesomebookstotheclassroom.2.吃，喝服用Takethismedicinethreetimesaday.3.乘Theyusuallytakethebustowork.4.花費(fèi)時(shí)間/金錢Ittakesmetwohourstodomyhomeworkeveryday.takeawalk去散步takearest休息takecareof照顧takeoff脫下;起飛takeup占據(jù)takedown拿下takeone’stime不急;慢慢來takeone’stemperature量體溫7.TheminuteIsatdowninfrontoftheTV,mymomcameover.我剛坐在電視機(jī)前面，我媽媽就過來了?！窘馕?】theminute=assoonas“一......就......”Pleasewritetometheminuteyougetthere.【解析2】infrontof指在物體外部的【記】Thepolicemanstood___infrontof________thecar.inthefrontof指在物體atthetable在桌邊inhospital住院inthehospital在醫(yī)院(不一定看病)come短語:comeacross(偶然)發(fā)現(xiàn)comeback回來comeupwith想出cometrue實(shí)現(xiàn)comedown下來comefrom=befrom來自,出生于comein/into進(jìn)入,進(jìn)來comeon趕快,加油comealong走吧,過來,快點(diǎn)comeandgo來來去去comeup上來comeout出來，(花)開，(照片)沖洗出來7.YouwatchTVallthetimeandneverhelpoutaroundthehouse!你總是看電視，從不幫忙做家務(wù)～allthetime=always8.I’mjustastiredasyouare!我和你一樣累～【解析】as...as...和......一樣......9.Foroneweek,shedidnotdoanyhouseworkandneitherdidI.一周的時(shí)間，她不做任何家務(wù)，我也不做?！窘馕觥縩either+助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語“某人(主語)也不”?neither兩者都不neither…nor…既不…也不…,連接兩個(gè)詞做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞由后一個(gè)主語確定NeitherTomnorJimisastudent?表達(dá)“…也不……則用“Neither/Nor+be/V助/V情+主”—Thefirstonewasn’tbad.—Neitherwasthesecond.10.Thenextday,mymomcamehomefromworktofindthehousecleanandtidy.【解析】find+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語【注】find?found?foundv尋找(1)findsb.doingsth發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事(2)findit+adj.+todosth發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事很……?finditdifficult/hardtodosth發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事很困難Shefound_it__hardtofinishtheworkbyherself.11.Sheaskedinsurprise.她吃驚地問道。【解析】insurprise驚奇地;吃驚地surprisev使吃驚?surprisingadj.令人吃驚的?surprisedadj.吃驚的toone’ssurprise使某人吃驚的是insurprise吃驚地besurprisedat對……感到吃驚12.“I’mdosorry,Mom.Ifinishunderstandthatweneedtosharethehouseworktohaveacleanandcomfortablehome.”Ireplied.“對不起，媽媽。我終于理解為了擁有一個(gè)干凈、舒適的家我們需要共同來分擔(dān)家務(wù)?！蔽一卮鹫f?！窘馕?】needv需要用于肯定句，是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。(1)人做主語，sb.needtodosth某人需要做某事(2)物做主語，sthneeddoingsth=sthneedtobedone用于否定句或疑問句，是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(1)needn’t=don’thaveto沒有必要(2)need,must引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句，肯定會的用must,否定回答用needn’t—MustIgotherenow?—Yes，youmust/No,youneedn’t【解析2】share分享;共用sharesth分享或共用某物sharesthwithsb.與某人分享某物(Allhisfriends__Shared___hishappinesswhenhewonthematch.13.Couldyoupleasepassmethesalt?你能把鹽遞給我嗎passsb.sth把某物遞給某Passon傳遞Pleasepassthepaperontotheotherstudents.?v通過;路過Ipassyourhome.?v通過(考試);及格Tomcanpasshismathexam.15.CouldIborrowthatbook?我能借下你那本書看嗎、Couldyoulendmesomemoney?你能借我一些錢嗎,(1)borrow,與from連用，尤指主語“借進(jìn)來”borrowsthfromsb.從某人那里借某物Youcanborrowthebookfromthelibrary.(2)lend,與to搭配指借出去lendsbsth=lendsthtosb把某物借給某人Hedoesn’twanttolendhisbooktoothers.(3)(3)keep保留，保存(延續(xù)動(dòng)詞，可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用)【指借一段時(shí)間】Iwantto__borrow__abikefrommyfriendbuthedidn’t_lend___ittome,becauseTomhad_kept__itfortwodays.16.IcutmyfingerandI’mtryingnottogetitwet.我的手指割傷了，傷口不能弄濕。try(not)todosth努力(不)做某事。(1)tryon試穿(2)trytodosth努力做某事【側(cè)重盡力做】(3)trydoingsth試圖做某事【側(cè)重嘗試做】(4)tryone’sbesttodosth=doone’sbesttodosth盡某人最大努力做某事17.Ihatetodochores.我討厭做家務(wù)。hatetodosth討厭做某事,表示某次具體行為或動(dòng)作。Ihatetotroublehim.hatedoingsth不愿意做某事表示經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性行為或動(dòng)作。Shehatessmokinginherroom.18.CouldIaskyoutohelpmewithsomechoresthen?那我能請求你幫我做些雜活嗎,【解析】asksb.todosth要求某人做某事。askfor請求，要某物asksb.aboutsth向某人詢問關(guān)于某事(1)asksb.forhelp向某人請求幫助(2)asksb.(not)todosth請求某人做某事asksb.todosth請某人做某事asksb.nottodosth不讓某人做某事asksbforsth向某人要某物askforhelp尋求幫助19.I’llfinishmyhomeworkwhileyouhelpmewiththedishes.當(dāng)你幫我洗盤子的時(shí)候，我將完成我的家庭作業(yè)?！窘馕?】finishdoingsth完成某事—Canyoufinish_reading__thesebooksbefore10o’clock?【解析2】whileconj.“在……期間;當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”While引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)動(dòng)詞。Whilethechildrenhavefun,parentscantakedancelessonsonthebeach.【解析3】helpsb.withsth.在某事上幫助某人。helpv幫助?helpfuladj.有幫助的(1)helpsb.dosth.=helpsb.withsth.幫助某人做某事(2)withthehelpofsb.=withone’shelp在某人的幫助之下(3)withoutthehelpof沒有在…的幫助之下1.Ithinkreadingisveryhelpful.2.Withoutyourhelp,wecouldn’tcatchthethief.20.CouldIinvitemyfriendstoaparty?我能邀請我的朋友們來聚會嗎,【解析】invitesb.toSp.邀請某人去某地【解析】invitev?invitationn邀請(1)invitesb.todosth邀請某人做某事(2)invitesb.to+地點(diǎn)邀請某人去某地21.Idon’tunderstandwhysomeparentsmaketheirkidshelpwithhouseworkandchoresathome.我不理解為什么有些父母在家讓孩子們幫忙做家務(wù)和雜務(wù)?！窘馕觥縨akesb.dosth讓某人做某事make?made?madev.做，制作，使得(1)makesb/sth+形容詞“讓某人或某物…”makeyouhappy(2)makesb/sthdosth使某人做某事makemelaugh.22.Theydon’thavetimetostudyanddohousework，too.他們也沒有時(shí)間來學(xué)習(xí)家務(wù)和做家務(wù)?！窘馕觥縣avetimetodosth.有時(shí)間做某事havetime=befree有空23.Houseworkisawasteoftheirtime.做家務(wù)是在浪費(fèi)他們的時(shí)間。awasteof浪費(fèi)awasteoftime浪費(fèi)時(shí)間awasteofmoney浪費(fèi)金wastetime/moneyonsthwastetime/money(in)doingsth在做某事上花費(fèi)時(shí)間/金錢24.Theyshouldspendtheirtimeonschoolworkinordertogetgoodgradesandgetintoagooduniversity.為了取得好成績并考上一所好大學(xué)，他們應(yīng)該把時(shí)間用在學(xué)習(xí)上。inorderto目的是;為了后接動(dòng)詞原形。inordertodosth為了做某事Heranquicklyinordernottobelateforthemeeting.【解析2】getinto=enter進(jìn)入【拓展】與get相關(guān)的短語:getup起床getback返回getover克服getdressed穿衣getinto進(jìn)入get/belost丟失getoff/on下/上車getonwellwithsb.與某人相處得好getoutof從…出來getwarm變曖getreadyfor+n.為…做準(zhǔn)備getreadytodosth.準(zhǔn)備做某事getwell康復(fù)getachance有機(jī)會、得到機(jī)會get/gotosleep(fallasleep)入睡相關(guān):(beasleep睡著)25.Also,whentheygetolder,theywillhavetodohousrworksothere’snoneedforthemtodoitnow.而且，當(dāng)他們長大的時(shí)候，他們也將會做家務(wù)，因此，他們沒必要現(xiàn)在在做。get/become/go辨析:?get+adj較多地與形容詞比較級連用。Thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger.?become強(qiáng)調(diào)變化的結(jié)果It’sbecomingcolderandcolder.?go+adj.’’表示令人不快的事情gobad變壞，goblind變瞎，gohungry挨餓26.Itistheparents’jobtoprovideacleanandcomfortableenvironmentathomefortheirchildren.在家為孩子們提供一個(gè)干凈、舒適的環(huán)境是父母的義務(wù)。【解析】providesth.forsb.為某人提供某物providesb.withsth.(sb前介詞用for)=providesthforsb.(sth前需加介詞with)供應(yīng)某人某物相當(dāng)于:offersb.sth.=offersthtosb.?TheInternetprovidesus_______alotofinformationweneed.27.Andanyway,Ithinkdoingchoresisnotsodifficult.無論如何，我認(rèn)為做家務(wù)并不那么難?！窘馕觥縜nyway無論如何,(一般放在句首，用逗號和句子隔開)28.Ithinkitisimportantforchildrentolearnhowtodochoresandhelptheirparentswithhousework.我認(rèn)為對孩子們來說，學(xué)習(xí)如何做雜務(wù)并幫助他們的父母做家務(wù)是很重要的?！窘馕觥縄tisimportantforsb.todosth.對某人來說做某事是重要的29.Childrenthesedaysdependontheirparentstoomuch.現(xiàn)在的孩子太依賴他們的父母。30....Everyoneshoulddotheirpartinkeepingitcleanandtidy.每個(gè)人都有責(zé)任保持家里的干凈和整潔。1.doone’spart盡職責(zé);盡本分Doone’spar