2025高考英語大二輪考前必背七選五閱讀七選五閱讀作業(yè)17自我認(rèn)知和成長(zhǎng)類說明文(分值：25分)說明文七選五閱讀文體解讀1．語言正式且簡(jiǎn)潔：說明文通常采用正式且簡(jiǎn)潔的語言來描述、解釋或說明某一主題或現(xiàn)象。避免使用過于口語化或冗長(zhǎng)的表達(dá)方式，以便于讀者快速理解和把握內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。2．客觀性強(qiáng)：說明文強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀性，盡量使用客觀的文字來描述、解釋和概括事物。避免使用過多的主觀評(píng)價(jià)和感情色彩，以確保信息的準(zhǔn)確性和可信度。3．結(jié)構(gòu)清晰：說明文的結(jié)構(gòu)通常非常清晰，常常采用“總－分－總”或“總－分”的結(jié)構(gòu)來組織內(nèi)容。首先提出主題或論點(diǎn)，然后分點(diǎn)展開說明，最后可能進(jìn)行總結(jié)或強(qiáng)調(diào)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)有助于讀者快速理解文章的主旨和要點(diǎn)。4．內(nèi)容廣泛：說明文涉及的內(nèi)容非常廣泛，可以涵蓋自然、社會(huì)、科技、文化等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。在七選五閱讀中，說明文可能涉及知識(shí)介紹、教人如何學(xué)習(xí)、如何做事、如何健康幸福地生活等方面的內(nèi)容。5．注重邏輯和條理：說明文在描述和解釋事物時(shí)，注重邏輯和條理。通常會(huì)采用清晰的定義、分類、排序、劃分等方式來組織內(nèi)容，以便于讀者快速理解和把握要點(diǎn)。說明文七選五閱讀解題技法1．通讀全文，理解大意·快速瀏覽全文，尋找主題句，這通常出現(xiàn)在文章的開頭或結(jié)尾部分。·掌握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和主要內(nèi)容，對(duì)文章的整體框架有一個(gè)大致的了解。2．瀏覽選項(xiàng)，初選答案·在對(duì)全文的大意有所了解后，依次瀏覽所有的選項(xiàng)?！ぷ⒁膺x項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的與原文相同或相似的詞匯，試著將選項(xiàng)代入原文，看是否符合上下文邏輯。3．詳細(xì)閱讀，確定答案·仔細(xì)閱讀文章的正文部分，并找出各個(gè)段落的關(guān)鍵詞，這有助于理解文章的具體內(nèi)容和細(xì)節(jié)?！っ鞔_各選項(xiàng)的含義，并抓住其關(guān)鍵詞語。注意詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)(如同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等)、代詞以及語篇標(biāo)記語等，這些都有助于確定正確答案。4．分析邏輯關(guān)系·注意句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，如因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、并列等。這些邏輯關(guān)系有助于確定句子在文中的正確位置?！ぬ貏e注意空前空后的句子，通過它們與選項(xiàng)中的句子進(jìn)行比較，找出關(guān)聯(lián)性。5．排除法·如果某個(gè)選項(xiàng)與文章內(nèi)容或上下文邏輯明顯不符，可以直接排除?！ぷ⒁庹页雠c其他選項(xiàng)表達(dá)完全不同意思的句子，這樣的句子也可能是錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)。6．注意代詞和定冠詞在做七選五閱讀時(shí)，要特別注意句子中出現(xiàn)的人稱代詞或指示代詞。通過代詞在句子中所作的成分，可以推斷出它指代的句子的類型，然后從選項(xiàng)中找出這類句型。7．先易后難在解題過程中，可以先從容易的題目開始做起，逐漸攻克難題。這有助于建立信心，提高解題效率。8．復(fù)查答案在完成所有題目后，復(fù)查答案。將選定的選項(xiàng)代入原文中，檢查是否符合上下文邏輯和文章的整體意思。(每小題2.5分，滿分25分)A(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)PersonalForgivenessTakingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep，butdon’tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr(犯錯(cuò))ishuman.1Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.Inajournaloronapieceofpaper，puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”2Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobe①world-changing，justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.Atthetopofasecondpage，puttheheading“Actsofkindness.”O(jiān)nthisone，listallthepositivethingsyou’vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework，whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked，orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.3Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.4Thatway，youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.Infact，don’twaituntilyou’vemadeamistaketotrythis—it’sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.It’ssomethingofacliché(陳詞濫調(diào))thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis，it’strue.5We’reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.A．Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.B．Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.C．Theymightevenliketo②haveagoatdoingtheexercise.D．It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.E．Itdoesn’tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat’shappenedorforgetit.F．Whateveritis，nomatterhowsmallitmightseem，writeitdown.G．Whateverthemistake，rememberitisn’ta③fixedaspectofyourpersonality.語篇解讀本文為一篇說明文。文章鼓勵(lì)人們練習(xí)自我寬恕，并提供了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的寫作練習(xí)來增強(qiáng)自信。通過列出個(gè)人的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和善良的行為，人們可以學(xué)會(huì)原諒自己的錯(cuò)誤，并從中成長(zhǎng)。1．答案D解析根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容可知，作者認(rèn)為人都會(huì)犯錯(cuò)，勇于承擔(dān)責(zé)任固然重要，但是也不要因此而過于自責(zé)。結(jié)合空后的“dothis”以及下文內(nèi)容可推斷，空處內(nèi)容應(yīng)該和“不要太自責(zé)”相似。選項(xiàng)D(寬恕自己也同樣重要)與“不要太自責(zé)”語意相近，起承上啟下的作用。故選D。2．答案B解析根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Inajournaloronapieceofpaper，puttheheading‘Personalstrengths.’”以及空后內(nèi)容“Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobeworld-changing，justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.”可知，空處指的是列出一些你個(gè)性中的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)B(現(xiàn)在列出所有你喜歡的自己身上的特點(diǎn))符合上下文內(nèi)容，下文內(nèi)容具體解釋哪些是優(yōu)點(diǎn)。故選B。3．答案F解析根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，本段主要講述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。選項(xiàng)F(不管是什么，不管它看起來有多微不足道，都要把它寫下來)與上文內(nèi)容一致，講述的是不管你所做的事情有多小，只要是好的事情，都記下來。故選F。4．答案C解析根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容“Thatway，youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.”可知，空處提到了某種方式，這種方式會(huì)使得你和朋友們一起交換意見等。選項(xiàng)C(他們甚至可能想試一試做這個(gè)練習(xí))符合語境，C項(xiàng)中的“They”指代空前的“afriendorfamilymember”。故選C。5．答案G解析根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容可知，作者認(rèn)為人從錯(cuò)誤中吸取教訓(xùn)。選項(xiàng)G(不管你犯了什么錯(cuò)誤，記住這不是你性格中固定的一面)符合語境，G項(xiàng)中的“isn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality”和空后內(nèi)容“We’reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.”保持一致，指的都是犯錯(cuò)并不是性格中固定的一面，我們是通過錯(cuò)誤來成長(zhǎng)。故選G。語境猜詞①world-changing(合)＝world＋changing改變世界的②haveago試一試③fixed(派)＝fix＋ed固定的B(2024·江蘇鹽城、南京一模)PursueYourDreamsToday，NotTomorrowHaveyoucaughtyourselfdaydreamingaboutyourdreams?Weoftenpostponeourdreams，trappedinacycleofdelay.Butwhywait?1Youdon’thavetotakeahuge，life-changingstep.Youcantakeminutestepstowardabrighterfuture.Andstartrightnow.2Ifyounevertry，you’regoingtobe①weigheddownbyyourregrets.You’realwaysgoingtowonderhowyourlifewould’veturnedoutifyouactuallytookachanceonyourself.Don’tletyourfutureselfbedisappointedbyyourpresentself.Itdoesn’tmatterhowoldyouareorhowmanypeoplehavewarnedyouthatyou’renevergoingtosucceed.Eventhemostsuccessfulpeoplehavehadtheirhesitationsaboutwhethertheyhadwhatittooktomakeitintheirfield.3Embracea②mindsetofdetermination，knowingthatsuccessiswithinyourreach.Attheendoftheday，youneedtocarveoutapathforyourselfthatwillleadtothemostsatisfaction.Ifyouallowyourfeartogetthebestofyou，you’renevergoingtoforgiveyourself.4It’swhatyouwouldencourageyourfriendstodo，sowhyaren’tyougivingyourselfthatsamepush?Sometimes，followingyourpassionmeansspendingalotofyourtimeeachday.Itmayrequiremakingslightadjustmentstoyourschedule，butyoudon’thavetosacrificeeverythingtofollowyourhearts.Trytostrikeabalancebetweenyourcurrentlifeandyourdreams.5Pursueyourdreamsnow，eventhoughthatmeansyoumightneedtobreakoutofyourcomfortzone，andeventhoughitmeansenteringtheunknown.A．Askyourselfwhatwouldbeworse.B．Startingsmalliscompletelyacceptable.C．Youoweittoyourselftogoafteryourdreams.D．Newopportunitiesmayleadtopersonalgrowth.E．Ifthingsgowell，youcangraduallymakefurthershifts.F．Youneedtomovepastyourinsecuritiesandexploreyourfullpotential.G．Hardasitis，it’scrucialto③waveoffthedoubtsinthebackofyourmind.eq\x(語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章主要就如何追求自己的夢(mèng)想提出了一些建議。)1．答案B解析后文提到了不需要邁出巨大的、改變?nèi)松囊徊剑纱丝芍揪涫窃诮ㄗh從小的方面開始。故B選項(xiàng)“從小處開始是完全可以接受的”符合語境，故選B。2．答案C解析根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容可知，本段的主旨是給自己一個(gè)改變生活的機(jī)會(huì)，即建議去追求自己的夢(mèng)想。故C選項(xiàng)“你應(yīng)該為自己去追求你的夢(mèng)想”符合語境，故選C。3．答案G解析后文提到要擁有堅(jiān)定的心態(tài)，相信自己能夠取得成功，由此可知要擺脫懷疑的心態(tài)。故G選項(xiàng)“盡管困難重重，但擺脫心中的疑慮是至關(guān)重要的”符合語境，故選G。4．答案F解析上文提到不要讓恐懼占據(jù)上風(fēng)，即建議要克服恐懼和不安全感，來發(fā)掘潛力。故F選項(xiàng)“你需要克服你的不安全感，充分發(fā)掘你的潛力”符合語境，故選F。5．答案E解析上文提到了在你現(xiàn)在的生活和你的夢(mèng)想之間取得平衡，本句為本段最后一句，故說明這么做的結(jié)果。故E選項(xiàng)“如果一切順利，你可以逐漸做出進(jìn)一步的改變”符合語境，故選E。語境猜詞①weighdown使煩惱，使焦慮；壓垮②mindset(合)＝mind＋set觀念模式，思維傾向③waveoff拒絕，不接受作業(yè)18社會(huì)交往指南類說明文(分值：37.5分)(每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)A(2022·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)FitnessMagazinerecently①rananarticletitled“FiveReasonstoThankYourWorkoutPartner”．Onereasonwas:“You’llactually②showupifyouknowsomeoneiswaitingforyouatthegym，”whileanotherread：“1”Witha③workoutpartner，youwillincreaseyourtrainingeffortasthereisasubtle(微妙的)competition.So，howdoyoufindaworkoutpartner?Firstofall，decidewhatyouwantfromthatperson.2Ordoyoujustwanttobephysicallyfit，abletomovewithstrengthand④flexibility？Thinkabouttheexercisesyouwouldliketodowithyourworkoutpartner.Youmightthinkaboutpostingwhatyouarelookingforonsocialmedia，butitprobablywon’tresultinausefulresponse.3Ifyouplanonworkingoutinagym，thatpersonmustbelongtothesamegym.Mypartnerpostedherrequestonthenoticeboardofalocalpark.Hernoticeincludedwhatkindoftrainingshewantedtodo，howmanydaysaweekandhowmanyhoursshewantedtospendoneachsession，andherage.Italsolistedherfavoritesportsandactivities，andprovidedherphonenumber.4Youandyourpartnerwillprobablyhavedifferentskills.5Overtime，bothofyouwillbenefit—yourpartnerwillbeabletoliftmoreweightsandyouwillbecomemorephysicallyfit.Thecore(核心)ofyourrelationshipisthatyouwillalwaysbetheretohelpeachother.A．Yourfirstmeetingmaybealittleawkward.B．Aworkoutpartnerusuallyneedstolivecloseby.C．You’llworkharderifyoutrainwithsomeoneelse.D．Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport?E．Howcanyouwriteagood“seekingtrainingpartner”notice?F．Justacceptyourdifferencesandlearntoworkwitheachother.G．Anynoticeforatrainingpartnershouldincludesuchinformation.語篇解讀本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了與伙伴一起健身的好處以及如何找到一個(gè)一起健身的伙伴。1．答案C解析上文提到感謝健身伙伴的一個(gè)理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就會(huì)去健身”，再根據(jù)“whileanotherread”可知，這里陳述另一個(gè)和別人一起健身的理由。所以C項(xiàng)“如果你和別人一起健身，你會(huì)更努力”符合語境。2．答案D解析根據(jù)下文“Ordoyoujustwanttobephysicallyfit，abletomovewithstrengthandflexibility？”可知，空處與其并列，也應(yīng)是一個(gè)一般疑問句，D項(xiàng)“你想在你最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目上成為更好的運(yùn)動(dòng)員嗎？”符合語境。3．答案B解析根據(jù)下文“Ifyouplanonworkingoutinagym，thatpersonmustbelongtothesamegym.”可知，B項(xiàng)“健身伙伴通常需要住在附近”符合語境，thatperson對(duì)應(yīng)B項(xiàng)中的Aworkoutpartner。4．答案G解析空處位于段尾，應(yīng)該是總結(jié)性的句子，上文列出了尋找健身伙伴的布告所要包含的信息。所以G項(xiàng)“任何尋找健身伙伴的布告都應(yīng)包含這些信息”總結(jié)上文，符合語境。5．答案F解析根據(jù)上文“Youandyourpartnerwillprobablyhavedifferentskills.”以及下文“Overtime，bothofyouwillbenefit”可知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“接受你們的不同，學(xué)會(huì)彼此合作”符合語境。differentskills對(duì)應(yīng)F項(xiàng)中的differences。語境猜詞①run熟義：v.跑，奔跑生義(文義)：v.刊登②showup到達(dá)，出現(xiàn)③workout(合)＝work＋out鍛煉④flexibility(派)＝flexib(le)＋ility靈活性B(2020·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ)TalkingwithyourdoctorTalkingfreelywithyourdoctorcanmakeyoufeelbetterandgivesyourdoctortheinformationsheorheneedstogiveyouthebestcare.Don’tbeafraidorembarrassedtodiscusssomethingthatisbotheringyou.1·Staypositive.Gotoyourdoctor’svisitswithagoodattitude.2Thinkteamwork!Thinkpositive!·①Keeptrackofhowyouarefeeling.3Thiswillmakeiteasierforyoutoanswerquestionsaboutyoursymptoms(癥狀)andhowmedicinesmakeyoufeel.Italsomakesiteasierforyoutobringupanythingthatyouareworriedabout.Makesuretobehonestabouthowyoufeelandhowlongyou’vefeltthatway.·4Yourmedicalhistoryisalistofyourillnesses，treatments，whatthedoctorstoldyoutodo，andanythingelseyouthinkyourdoctorshouldknow.Also，ifyouareallergic(過敏的)toanymedicines，besuretomentionthattoyourdoctor.·Askquestions.Donotbeafraidtoaskyourdoctoranyquestionsyouhave.Torememberallthequestionsyouhavewhenyouarenotinthedoctor’soffice，writethemdownandbringthelistwithyoutoyourappointment.5Remember—there’snosuchthingasastupidquestion.Ifyoudon’tunderstandtheanswertoaquestion，askthedoctortoexplainitagainuntilyoudounderstand.A．Thiswillmakegettinganswerseasier.B．Herearesometipsfortalkingwithyourdoctor.C．Youcantalktoanotherdoctorifthetreatmentsdon’twork.D．Beforeyourdoctor’svisit，keepnotesonhowyouarefeeling.E．Remember，yourdoctorandother②caregiversareonyourside.F．Bringyourmedicalhistory，includingalistofyourcurrentmedicines.G．Writingdownwhatthedoctorsayswillhelpyourememberimportantinformation.eq\x(語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章講述了與醫(yī)生談話的幾條小建議。)1．答案B解析根據(jù)文章第一段的內(nèi)容可知，與你的醫(yī)生暢所欲言可以讓你感覺好些，并向你的醫(yī)生提供她或他需要的信息，以便為你提供最好的護(hù)理。不要害怕或感到尷尬去討論困擾你的事情。再結(jié)合下文列出的幾條具體的建議，所以B項(xiàng)符合題意，故選B。2．答案E解析根據(jù)后文“Thinkteamwork！Thinkpositive！”可知，E項(xiàng)與此呼應(yīng)，故選E。3．答案D解析根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“Keeptrackofhowyouarefeeling.”以及本段的內(nèi)容可知，D項(xiàng)切題，故選D。4．答案F解析空處是段落小標(biāo)題，根據(jù)后文內(nèi)容可知，你的病史是你的疾病、治療過程、醫(yī)囑以及你認(rèn)為你的醫(yī)生應(yīng)該知道的任何事情的清單。如果你對(duì)任何藥物過敏的話，一定要告訴你的醫(yī)生。由此可知，本段主要是關(guān)于病史的，故F項(xiàng)符合題意，故選F。5．答案A解析根據(jù)上文“Torememberallthequestionsyouhavewhenyouarenotinthedoctor’soffice，writethemdownandbringthelistwithyoutoyourappointment.”可知，A項(xiàng)“這將更容易得到答案”承接上文，A項(xiàng)中的This指代上文提到的做法，故選A。語境猜詞①keeptrackof跟蹤，記錄②caregiver(合)＝care＋giver照料者，護(hù)理者C(2024·山東青島一模)Whenyouthinkofyourclosestfriends，whowillcometoyourmind?Perhapsyourcollegeroommatesortheneighboryouplayedwithasachild.Regardlessofhowyoumetthesepeople，theymostlikelyhaveonekeythingincommon：1A2023studyfoundthat，forthoseaged21to30，over80percentintheirsocialcircles，werebornwithinfiveyearsofthem.Moreover，nearly63percentofadultshavenoclosefriends15yearsolderoryoungerthanthem.Spendingourtimewithsuchanarrowgroupofpeoplecan①fuelagesegregationandincreaseourloneliness.Theselimitationsalsokeepusfromothergenerations’mindsetsandpotentiallysurprisingpointsofconnection.2Ofcourse，theonesthatareoldermightofferabrieflookintothecomingyears.Aprogramthatrunsschoolsoutofseniorcentershassaidalotaboutit.3DawnCarr，asociologyprofessor，saidmostolderpeoplegetmuchfrompracticalhelp—withnewtechnology，forinstance—theiryoungerfriendsoffered.4Havingfunwithsomeonedecadesyoungerdefinitelytakesofftheirpressureto“acttheirage”．5Lila，aged75，wasproudthatherlifeexperiencespreparedhertogiveadvicetoheryoungfriendwithdepression，forwhichtheyoungwasgrateful.Also，olderfriendsoffermoreexamplesofwhatgrowingupcanlooklike.Ifsomeone’sparentsaretheonlyolderpeopletheyknowwell，theymightfailtopictureotherpossibilities.Agreaterpoolofolderfriendscanhelpyoungpeoplecreatetheirown②blueprint.A．You③befriendthosewholivearound.B．They’reallroughlythesameageasyou.C．Othersmightfind