WeelsetandaxleboxStructuralcognitionandinspectionofhigh-speedtrainKeynotespeaker:NiuXiaowei輪對軸箱裝置高速列車構(gòu)造認知與檢查主講人：牛小偉Figureure.1AxleboxpositioningdeviceofbullettrainFigureure.2TraileraxleboxpositioningdeviceThewheelsetandaxleboxpositioningdeviceiscomposedofawheelset,aaxleboxandapositioningdeviceOverviewofthetrainbodysystem車體系統(tǒng)概述輪對軸箱定位裝置由輪對組成軸箱一系定位裝置組成圖1動車軸箱定位裝置圖2拖車軸箱定位裝置一Wheelpairs二Asetofpositioningdevices三Axlebox四bearingCONTENTS目錄輪對組成一系定位裝置軸箱軸承PARTONEWheelpairs>>>輪對組成WheelpairsAmovingwheelsetconsistsofanaxle,awheel(withabrakedisc),agearandabearing,asshowninFigureure3-10.Thewheelsetofthetrailerbogieconsistsoftheaxle(withbrakedisc),wheelsandbearings,asshowninFigureure3-11.Inordertoensuresafetyandreliability,thewheel,largegear,shaftdisc,etc.arepressedontotheaxlebycoldpressingmethod.Inaddition,themovingwheelpairisslightlydifferentduetothedifferentspeedsensorgearmountedontheshaftend.Becauseoftheuseofbearingswithself-sealing,thebearingscanbepress-mountedonthejournal.Afterthewheelsetisformed,thebalancetestshouldbetrainriedoutonebyone.Figureure.4WheelsetoftrailerCR400AFmultipleunitbogiewheelsetisdividedintomovingwheelsetandtowwheelset.Figureure.3Wheelsetsoflocomotive輪對組成CR400AF動車組轉(zhuǎn)向架輪對分為動車輪對和拖車輪對。動車輪對由車軸、車輪（帶有制動盤，簡稱輪盤）、齒輪裝置及軸承構(gòu)成，如圖3-10所示。拖車轉(zhuǎn)向架輪對由車軸（帶制動盤，簡稱軸盤）、車輪及軸承構(gòu)成，如圖3-11所示。為確保安全性和可靠性，車輪、大齒輪、軸盤等采用冷壓法壓裝到車軸上。此外，動車輪對因軸端安裝不同速度傳感器齒輪而略顯差異。由于采用了帶自密封的軸承，因此軸承可預(yù)先壓裝在軸頸上。輪對組成后，需逐個進行動平衡試驗。圖4拖車輪對圖3動車輪對Thefunctionsofeachpartoftheaxleareasfollows:Journal:istheinstallationofrollingbearingsandbearingparts.Dustproofboardseat:itisthejointpartoftheaxleanddustproofboard.Itsdiameterislargerthanthediameteroftheshaftjournalandsmallerthanthediameterofthewheelseat.wheelseat:itisthepartoftheaxleandthewheel,anditisthepartoftheaxlewiththelargestforce.Figureure.5Axlestructure1-journal;2-Dustplateseat;3-wheel;4-Brakediscseat;5-axisWheelpairs-axle1Wheelpairs輪對組成輪對組成—車軸車軸各部分的作用如下：（1）軸頸：是安裝滾動軸承和承載的部位。（2）防塵板座：為車軸與防塵板配合部位，其直徑比軸頸直徑大，比輪座直徑小。（3）輪座：是車軸和車輪配合的部位，是車軸受力最大的部位。1—軸頸；2—防塵板座；3—輪座；4—制動盤座；5—軸身圖5車軸結(jié)構(gòu)(4)axlebody:istheconnectionpartofthetwowheelseat,inordertoincreaseitsstrengthandreducestressconcentration,theaxleaxlebodyiscylindrical.(5)Brakediscmountingseat:forpressuremountingbrakedisc.Generally,anaxleisprovidedwithtwobrakediscmountingseats.Wheelpairs-axle1Wheelpairs輪對組成輪對組成—車軸（4）軸身：是兩輪座的連接部分，為增加其強度和減少應(yīng)力集中，車軸軸身呈圓柱形。（5）制動盤安裝座：供壓裝制動盤用。一般一根車軸上設(shè)有兩個制動盤安裝座。Figureure.5Axlestructure1-journal;2-Dustplateseat;3-wheel;4-Brakediscseat;5-axis1—軸頸；2—防塵板座；3—輪座；4—制動盤座；5—軸身圖5車軸結(jié)構(gòu)InordertoensurethestrengthandreducethemassofCR400AFbogieaxle,hollowaxleisusedtomaketheultrasonicprobecandirectlypassthroughthethroughholeandmaketheflawdetectioneasy.Wheelpairs-axle1Figure.6Hollowaxlediagram1Figure.7Hollowaxlediagram2Wheelpairs輪對組成輪對組成—車軸CR400AF轉(zhuǎn)向架車軸為保證強度的同時減輕質(zhì)量，采用空心車軸使超聲波探頭可以直接穿過該通孔，使探傷容易。圖6空心車軸圖1圖7空心車軸圖2tread:thecontactsurfaceofthewheelandtherailiscalledthetread.flange:theinnersideofthewheelalongthewholecircumferenceoftheraisedpartistheflange,theflangeistokeepthewheelalongtherailmovement,playaguidingrole,animportantparttopreventderailment.rim:thethicknessofthetreadalongtheradialpartiscalledtherim.hub:ensurethatthewheelandaxlearecombinedwitheachotherandensurethatthereisenoughpressurefittingforce.Thecentralhubholeiswheretheaxleismountedandfitsintotheseatportionoftheaxle.Spokeplate:theplacewheretherimandhubareconnected.1-journal;2-Dustplateseat;3-wheel;4-Brakediscseat;5-axisFigure.8Namesofeachpartofthewheel圖8車輪各部分名稱Wheelpairs-Thewheels2Integralwheelincludestread,rim,rim,spokeplate,hub,spokeplatehole,hubhole,asshowninFigureure8.Wheelpairs輪對組成整體車輪包括踏面、輪緣、輪輞、輻板、輪轂、輻板孔、輪轂孔，如圖8所示。輪對組成—車輪（1）踏面：車輪同鋼軌的接觸面稱為踏面。（2）輪緣：車輪內(nèi)側(cè)沿整個圓周凸起部分為輪緣，輪緣是為保持車輪沿鋼軌運動，起導(dǎo)向作用，防止脫軌的重要部分。（3）輪輞：踏面沿徑向的厚度部分稱為輪輞。（4）輪轂：保證車輪和車軸相互結(jié)合且保證有足夠壓裝力的部分。中央的輪轂孔是安裝車軸的地方，它與車軸上的輪座部分相配合。（5）輻板：連接輪輞和輪轂的地方。1—軸頸；2—防塵板座；3—輪座；4—制動盤座；5—軸身CR400AFbogiewheelsaremonolithicrollingwheelswithstraightpairplatestructureandLMAtreadtype.Wheeldiscsareinstalledonmotorvehiclewheels,andbrakediscsarenotinstalledontrailerwheels.Thenewwheelrollingcirclediameteris920mm,themaximumweardiameteris850mm.Awearlimitmarkisarrangedonthe850mmcircumferenceonthesideoftherim.Figureure3-12,Figureure3-13showthestructureofthewheelsofthemotorandtrailer.Figure.9WheelsofbullettrainFigureure.10WheelsofatrailerWheelpairsWheelpairs-Thewheels2輪對組成輪對組成—車輪CR400AF轉(zhuǎn)向架車輪采用整體軋制車輪，直副板結(jié)構(gòu)，踏面型式為LMA。動車車輪安裝輪盤，拖車車輪不安裝制動盤。新造車輪滾動圓直徑為920mm，最大磨耗直徑為850mm。在靠輪輞輪緣側(cè)面850mm圓周上，設(shè)有磨耗到限標(biāo)記。動、拖車車輪結(jié)構(gòu)，如圖3-12、圖3-13所示。圖9動車車輪圖10拖車車輪PARTTWOAsetofpositioningdevices>>>一系定位裝置AsetofpositioningdevicesCR400AFisaseriesofaxleboxswiveltypepositioningstructure,whichiscomposedofaaxleboxbody,aseriesofsteelsprings,aseriesofverticalshockabsorber,positioningnodes,etc.Theupperpartoftheaxleboxbodyisadouble-coilspiralsteelspring,andaverticalshockabsorberisarrangedbetweenthefrontendandtheframetoabsorbthevibrationenergyofthevehicle.Figureure11.AseriesofpositioningdevicesAseriesofpositioningdevicesaremovablejointsconnectingthewheelsettotheframe.Inadditiontotransferringforcesandvibrationsinalldirections,thewheelsetmustbeabletoadapttothelineconditionsandjumpupanddownandmoveleftandrightrelativetotheframe.一系定位裝置一系定位裝置是連接輪對與構(gòu)架的活動關(guān)節(jié)，除了傳遞各個方向的力和振動外，必須保證輪對能夠適應(yīng)線路狀況而相對于構(gòu)架上下跳動和左右橫動。CR400AF一系定位為軸箱轉(zhuǎn)臂式定位結(jié)構(gòu)，由軸箱體、一系鋼彈簧、一系垂向減振器、定位節(jié)點等組成。軸箱體上部為雙圈螺旋鋼彈簧，前端與構(gòu)架間設(shè)置垂向減振器以吸收車輛振動能量。圖11一系定位裝置AsetofpositioningdevicesTherearisconnectedtotheframebyrubberpositioningnodes.Theaxleboxendisprovidedwithaspeedsensor,groundingdevice,etc.,differentpartsinstalledindifferentcoaxialpositions.Thereisaliftingdevicebetweentheaxleboxandtheframe,whichcanpreventtheabnormalliftingoftheframeandplaytheroleofliftingwheelset.Figureure11.Aseriesofpositioningdevices一系定位裝置后部通過橡膠定位節(jié)點與構(gòu)架連接。軸箱端部設(shè)置有速度傳感器、接地裝置等，不同軸位安裝的部件不同。軸箱與構(gòu)架間設(shè)有提吊裝置，可防止構(gòu)架異常抬升，同時起到吊裝輪對作用。圖11一系定位裝置PARTTHREEAxlebox>>>軸箱AxleboxTheaxleboxandtherotaryarmintegratedstructure,axleboxbodyisasplitstructure,theupperandlowerboxesthroughtheboltconnection,replacementwheelsetcanberemovedwhenthelowerpartoftheaxlebox.Removethebackcoverandpressdownthefrontcover.Theverticalshockabsorberisinstalledontheupperarm,asshowninFigureure12.Figure.12Splitaxleboxstructure軸箱采用軸箱與轉(zhuǎn)臂一體式結(jié)構(gòu)，軸箱體為分體式結(jié)構(gòu)，上下箱體通過螺栓連接，更換輪對時可拆除軸箱下半部分。取消后蓋，前蓋壓緊。垂向減振器安裝在上轉(zhuǎn)臂上，如圖12所示。圖12分體式軸箱體結(jié)構(gòu)Inadditiontothegroundaxleend,thefrontcoveranddustproofrubbercoverareprovidedforthewheelsetofCR400AFmultipleunitbogie.ThestructureisthesameasthatofCRH380A,andthefrontcoverisnotrequiredforaxleflawdetection,asshowninFigure.13andFigure.14.Figureure13GroundingtheshaftendFigure.14ShaftlessgroundingAxlebox軸箱CR400AF動車組轉(zhuǎn)向架輪對除安裝接地軸端外，其它設(shè)前蓋及防塵橡膠蓋，結(jié)構(gòu)同CRH380A，車軸探傷無需拆前蓋，如圖13、圖14所示。圖13安裝軸端接地圖14無軸端接地PARTFOURbearing>>>軸承bearingUsetaperedrollerbearing,lightcontacttypeselfsealingstructure.Basedonthesystemdesign,theexternalsizeisφ130mmXφ240mmX160mm.Thedesignlifeismoretha