大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試

2024年12月真題【第一套】公共課部Writing01ListeningComprehension02ReadingComprehension03Translation04題型模塊考察學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力、邏輯組織能力與語(yǔ)言綜合應(yīng)用能力考察學(xué)生的理解能力、語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力與聽(tīng)力策略的掌握考察學(xué)生的文本理解能力、推理判斷能力與閱讀策略的掌握考察學(xué)生的詞匯語(yǔ)法等語(yǔ)言能力、邏輯思維能力、文化意識(shí)與翻譯技能的掌握III.ReadingComprehension

考察學(xué)生的文本理解能力、推理判斷能力與閱讀策略的掌握SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.36.Accordingtoamanagementexpert,work-lifebalanceisnotassimpleasgivingequalamountsoftimetoworkandpersonallife.37.Researchfoundthatthosewhoaregivengreaterflexibilityatworkarelessstressedandmorelikelytostayintheirjobs.38.Workerswhorejectedworkinglonghourstendedtomakeregularadjustmentsinordertoachievework-lifebalance.39.Talkingaboutwork-lifebalanceissaidtobeaprivilegereservedforthebetter-off,notforthosewhobarelymakealiving.40.Knowingone'semotionalstateisofutmostimportanceindecidingwhatchangestomakeforabetterwork-lifebalance.41.Morefemaleprofessionalsreportedbeingreluctanttoworkovertimethantheirmalecounterparts.42.Withoutorganisationalsupport,anypersonalefforttomaintainwork-lifebalancewillbeunsuccessful.43.Thequestionofhowtoachievework-lifebalancehaslongbeenthemainsubjectofdiscussionamongworkers.44.Youmaynotactuallyexperienceemotionalwellbeingathomeifyouremainoccupiedwithwhathappenedatwork.45.Someresearcherssuggestthatwork-lifebalanceisnotagoaltoachieve,butaprocessforlifetobeadjustedpromptly.Whyit'swrongtolookatwork-lifebalanceasanachievement

為什么把工作與生活的平衡看作一種成就是錯(cuò)誤的A)Fewtopicshavebeensoendlesslyanalysedaswork-lifebalance.Thequesttoattainthismysteriousstatehasdominateddiscussionaroundcareersforyears—especiallyforworkingparents.Theconceptisoftenpresentedassomethingtoachieve,oragoaltoreach.Andonceyou'vereachedit,congratulations:you’vemadeit;you'reasuccessfulhumanbeingofthe21stcentury.A)[43]很少有話題像工作與生活的平衡這樣被無(wú)休止地分析。多年來(lái)，對(duì)這種神秘狀態(tài)的追求主導(dǎo)了圍繞職業(yè)展開(kāi)的討論，尤其是對(duì)于職場(chǎng)父母而言。這個(gè)概念通常被呈現(xiàn)為要實(shí)現(xiàn)的東西或者要達(dá)成的目標(biāo)。一旦你已經(jīng)達(dá)成這個(gè)目標(biāo)，恭喜你:你成功了;你是21世紀(jì)的成功人士。Whyit'swrongtolookatwork-lifebalanceasanachievementB)Buttheproblemisthatweoftentellourselves:"I'mgoingtoputineighthours'worthofwork,andthenI’mgoingtoputineighthours'worthof'metime',whichwillincludemyfamily,myhobbies,myworkout,myeverything,"saysAnatLechner,clinicalassociateprofessorofmanagementatNewYorkUniversity."ldon’tthinkit'ssuchasimpleformula."B)[36]但問(wèn)題是我們經(jīng)常告訴自己：“我要投入8小時(shí)的時(shí)間去工作，然后投入8小時(shí)的‘個(gè)人時(shí)間’，這包括我的家庭、我的愛(ài)好、我的鍛煉、我的一切，”紐約大學(xué)管理學(xué)臨床副教授阿納特·萊希納說(shuō)，“我認(rèn)為這不是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的公式。”Whyit'swrongtolookatwork-lifebalanceasanachievementC)And,accordingtonewfindings,itmaynotbe.Someresearchersarenowencouragingustostopthinkingaboutwork-lifebalanceasanachievementthatyoueitherhitordon't.Instead,theysuggestitmaybemoreofalifelongprocess—acontinuous,never-endingexercisethatrequiresself-awarenessandtimelyadjustments.ResearchersIoanaLupuandMayraRuiz-Castroarguethatwork-lifebalanceisacycle,notanachievement".Intheir2020study,theresearchersinterviewednearly80employeesattwoLondon-basedfirms—-anequalnumberofmenandwomenbetweentheagesof30and50,allwithatleastonedependentchild-whoworkedinmiddleorseniormanagementroles.C)而且根據(jù)新的發(fā)現(xiàn)，它可能不是(一項(xiàng)成就）。[45]一些研究人員現(xiàn)在鼓勵(lì)我們不要再把工作與生活的平衡視為一項(xiàng)你要么達(dá)到，要么沒(méi)有達(dá)到的成就。相反，他們認(rèn)為它可能更像是一個(gè)終身的過(guò)程——一個(gè)需要自我意識(shí)和及時(shí)調(diào)整的、持續(xù)且永無(wú)止境的練習(xí)。研究人員伊萬(wàn)娜·盧普和邁拉·魯伊斯-卡斯特羅認(rèn)為，工作與生活的平衡是“一個(gè)循環(huán)，而不是一項(xiàng)成就”。在2020年的研究中，研究人員采訪了倫敦兩家公司的近80名員工，男女人數(shù)相同，年齡在30到50歲之間，他們都至少有一個(gè)孩子需要撫養(yǎng)，且都擔(dān)任中層或高層管理崗位。Whyit'swrongtolookatwork-lifebalanceasanachievementD)Althoughitsoundsliketherespondentshadalotincommon,here'swhatseparatedthem:about30%ofthemenand50%ofthewomenreportedresistingworkinglonghours.Theotherrespondents,meanwhile,allworkedlonghoursbecausetheythoughtthat'swhatsuccessfulprofessionalsshoulddo.D)[41]盡管聽(tīng)起來(lái)受訪者有很多共同點(diǎn)，但他們之間的區(qū)別是：大約30%的男性和50%的女性稱抵制長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作。與此同時(shí)，其他受訪者都工作很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為這是成功的專業(yè)人士應(yīng)該做的。Whyit'swrongtolookatwork-lifebalanceasanachievementE)LupuandRuiz-Castrolookedatthosewhorejectedthelonghoursandtheyfoundthatthoseworkersactuallyhadstrikinglysimilarstrategiesformaintainingtheirwork-lifebalance.Theyhadatendencytoreflectandquestionassumptionsinthenameofself-awarenessandregularlytookstepstoadjustthethingsstandingintheirwaytowork-lifebalance.E)[38]盧普和魯伊斯-卡斯特羅對(duì)那些拒絕長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作的人進(jìn)行了研究，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這些員工在保持工作與生活平衡方面實(shí)際上有著驚人相似的策略。他們傾向于以自我意識(shí)的名義反思和質(zhì)疑假設(shè)，并定期采取措施調(diào)整阻礙他們實(shí)現(xiàn)工作與生活平衡的事情。Whyit'swrongtolookatwork-lifebalanceasanachievementF)LupuandRuiz-Castroidentifiedfivestepsthattherespondentsinthestudywhohadbetterwork-lifebalanceusedintheirjobs.First,theypausedandreconsideredbeliefssuchas“I'maprofessional,soIshouldwork,work,work",andaskedthemselvesquestionslike,"What'scurrentlycausingmestress?”Secondafteridentifyingthecause,theyzeroedinontheirresultantemotions.Didtheyfeelangry,sad,energised?Third,theyreprioritised,asking"Isworkinglonghoursreallyworthcuttingbackonfamilytime?",forexample.Fourth,theyconsideredtheiralternatives:isthereanythingatworkthatcouldbechangedtoaccommodatethesenewpriorities?Andfinally,theyimplementedchanges,likeaskingtheirsupervisorforgreaterflexibility,ordecidingnottotakeoneveryprojectthatcomestheirway.F)盧普和魯伊斯-卡斯特羅指出了在該研究中把工作與生活平衡得更好的受訪者在其工作中采用的五個(gè)步驟。首先，他們會(huì)停下來(lái)重新審視“我是專業(yè)人士，所以我應(yīng)該工作、工作、工作”等信念，然后問(wèn)自己“目前是什么讓我感到有壓力呢?”等問(wèn)題。其次，在明確原因后，他們會(huì)將注意力集中在由此產(chǎn)生的情緒上。他們感到憤怒、悲傷還是充滿活力?第三，他們重新確定優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)，比如，他們會(huì)問(wèn)自己“長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作真的值得減少與家人共度的時(shí)間嗎?”第四，他們會(huì)考慮替代方案:.工作中是否有什么可以改變的地方，來(lái)適應(yīng)這些新的優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)呢?最后，他們會(huì)實(shí)施這些改變，比如要求上司給予他們更大的靈活性，或者決定不接手每個(gè)找上門來(lái)的項(xiàng)目。Whyit'swrongtolookatwork-lifebalanceasanachievementG)Thisfive-stepprocessissomethinganyonecanadopt.Goingthroughthesteps,andconstantlycheckinginwithyourself,canhelpyoushiftandadaptyourprofessionallifetosomethingthatwillbetterharmonisewithyourpersonalone."Awarenessofyouremotionalstateisessentialinordertodeterminethechangesyouwanttomakeinyourworkandinyourlife,"saysLupu.G)這五步過(guò)程任何人都可以采用。通過(guò)實(shí)施這些步驟，并不斷地審視自己，可以幫助你改變和調(diào)整職業(yè)生活，使之與個(gè)人生活更好地協(xié)調(diào)。[40]盧普說(shuō):“意識(shí)到自己的情緒狀態(tài)對(duì)于決定你想在工作和生活中做出的改變至關(guān)重要?！盬hyit'swrongtolookatwork-lifebalanceasanachievementH)NewYorkUniversity'sLechneragreesthatfindingthatbalanceisanongoingpursuit.It'snotsimplyaboutdividingupthehoursinyourdaybetweenwork,thegym,kidsandchores.Iftheunderlyingemotionalsourcesofstressarestillthere,thenthetimeyouactuallyspendathomemaynotbeenjoyable.“Wecomehomeandeventhoughphysicallywearethere,mentallywestillmaybeprocessingthingsthathappenedatwork.We'renotpresent,”shesays.Whatwecall"work-lifebalance“isactuallyjustasubstitutetohavingasenseoffulfillmentandcontentment.H)紐約大學(xué)的萊希納贊成找到這種平衡是一種持續(xù)的追求的觀點(diǎn)。這不僅僅是把一天的時(shí)間分配到工作、健身房、孩子和家務(wù)上。[44]如果壓力的潛在情緒來(lái)源仍然存在，那么你在家里度過(guò)的時(shí)間可能并不愉快。她說(shuō):“我們回到家，盡管身體在家里，但精神上我們可能仍然在處理工作中發(fā)生的事情。我們并不是真的在家?！蔽覀兯f(shuō)的“工作與生活的平衡”實(shí)際上只是獲得成就感和滿足感的一種替代品。Whyit'swrongtolookatwork-lifebalanceasanachievementI)Ofcourse,findingthatbalanceprobablyshouldn’tbesomethingyouhavetodobyyourself.ResearchbyErinKelly,professorofworkandorganisationstudiesatMIT,showscompaniesandmanagerscanplayakeyroleincreatingabetterenvironmentforworkers.ForherbookOverload:HowGoodJobsWentBadandWhattoDoaboutIt,sheandco-authorPhyllisMoensplitmorethan1,000employeesataFortune500companyintotwogroups,onethatworkedunderamanagementredesignandonethatcontinuedworkingwithintheexistingmanagementstructure.I)當(dāng)然，找到這種平衡也許不應(yīng)該是你一個(gè)人的事。麻省理工學(xué)院工作與組織研究教授艾琳·凱利所做的研究表明，在為員工創(chuàng)造更好的環(huán)境方面，企業(yè)和管理者可以發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用。在其著作《超負(fù)荷:好工作是如何變?cè)愕囊约叭绾螒?yīng)對(duì)》中，艾琳·凱利和合著者菲利斯·莫恩將一家財(cái)富500強(qiáng)公司的1000多名員工分成兩組，一組在經(jīng)過(guò)重新設(shè)計(jì)的管理結(jié)構(gòu)下工作，另一組繼續(xù)在現(xiàn)有的管理結(jié)構(gòu)下工作。Whyit'swrongtolookatwork-lifebalanceasanachievementJ)Underthemanagementredesign,manystepsweretakentoensurebetterwork-lifebalanceandpreventburnout(精疲力竭).Managerswereregularlyremindedtoexplicitlysupporttheiremployees.Workerswereallowedtomakechanges,likecancelling9ammeetings.Allofthiswasdoneinthenameofincreasingjobsatisfactionandgivingworkersgreaterflexibility,andtoassureworkersthatitwassomethingmanagementwascommittedto.Unsurprisingly,KellyandMoenfoundthatemployeesintheredesigngroupreportedlessstressandlessburnout.Theywerelesslikelytoquittheirjobs;indeed,overthenextfouryears,theywere40%lesslikelytoquitthanthosewhokeptworkingundertheoldpolicies.J)在管理結(jié)構(gòu)重新設(shè)計(jì)的情況下，公司采取了許多措施來(lái)確保員工更好地平衡工作與生活，防止他們出現(xiàn)精疲力竭的情況。管理者定期被提醒要明確支持他們的員工。允許員工做出改變，比如取消上午9點(diǎn)的會(huì)議。所有這些都是為了提高工作滿意度和給予員工更大的靈活性，并向員工保證這是管理層所承諾的。[37]不出所料，凱利和莫恩發(fā)現(xiàn)，在管理結(jié)構(gòu)重新設(shè)計(jì)組的員工報(bào)告的壓力和倦怠程度更低。他們辭職的可能性更??；的確，在接下來(lái)的四年里，他們辭職的可能性比那些繼續(xù)在舊政策下工作的員工要低40%。Whyit'swrongtolookatwork-lifebalanceasanachievementK)“Work-lifebalanceisunderstoodtobeanindividual‘sresponse,sopeoplethink’it‘suptometomanagethecrazinessofmyworklife”“,saysKelly.Butorganisationsneedtoexaminethedemandsthey’replacingonemployees.”Therootproblemisnothowthetwopiecesofworkandlifecometogether.It‘sthatwehaveunrealisticexpectationsofwhatwe’reaskedtodoontheworkside.”Ifyourworkplaceisn’tanenvironmentwherework-lifebalanceispossibleinthefirstplace,anyeffortyouattempttomaketowarditonapersonallevelwillbeinvain.K)凱利說(shuō)：“工作與生活的平衡被理解為個(gè)人的反應(yīng)，所以人們認(rèn)為‘如何管理我瘋狂的工作生活由我自己來(lái)定’”。但企業(yè)需要審視他們對(duì)員工提出的要求。"根本問(wèn)題不在于工作和生活是如何結(jié)合在一起的。而是我們對(duì)工作上被要求做的事情抱有不切實(shí)際的期望?！盵42]如果你的工作場(chǎng)所從一開(kāi)始就不是一個(gè)工作與生活可能達(dá)到平衡的環(huán)境，那么你在個(gè)人層面上為平衡工作與生活所做的任何努力都將是徒勞的。Whyit'swrongtolookatwork-lifebalanceasanachievementL)That'saconversationthatappearsto-begatheringpace.Thenewprevalenceofremoteandflexibleworkingmodelswilllikelyallplayimportantrolesinhowwebalanceourprofessionalandpersonallives.Andifitseemslikefindingthatperfectbalanceremainsdifficulttoachieve,theexpertssaythatkeepingsomeperspectivecanhelp.Formillionsofpeople,workisaboutbeingabletoputfoodonthetable.Talkingaboutwork-lifebalance"isaveryprivilegedconversation",saysLechner."Ifwe'rereflecting,maybeweshouldalsoreflectonthat."”L）這似乎是一個(gè)正在加速發(fā)展的話題。遠(yuǎn)程辦公和靈活工作模式的新流行，可能都會(huì)在我們?nèi)绾纹胶饴殬I(yè)生活和個(gè)人生活方面發(fā)揮重要作用。如果找到完美的平衡似乎仍然很難實(shí)現(xiàn)，專家們表示，保有一些展望會(huì)有所幫助。[39]對(duì)于數(shù)百萬(wàn)人來(lái)說(shuō)，工作就是為了能夠養(yǎng)家糊口。萊希納表示，談?wù)摴ぷ髋c生活的平衡“是一種富有特權(quán)性質(zhì)的對(duì)話”?！叭绻覀冋诜此迹苍S我們也應(yīng)該反思一下這一點(diǎn)?！薄靖庞[】本文節(jié)選自上一篇題為“Whyit'swrongtolookatwork-lifebalanceasanachievement”的文章。作者探討了工作與生活的平衡這個(gè)被長(zhǎng)久討論的職場(chǎng)話題，指出將其視為一種成就或目標(biāo)的看法可能是錯(cuò)誤的。通過(guò)引用紐約大學(xué)管理學(xué)臨床副教授阿納特·萊希納的觀點(diǎn)，作者強(qiáng)調(diào)了實(shí)現(xiàn)工作與生活的平衡并沒(méi)有那么簡(jiǎn)單，而是一個(gè)需要自我意識(shí)、不斷反思和及時(shí)調(diào)整的持續(xù)過(guò)程?！敬鸢冈斀狻?6.Accordingtoamanagementexpert,work-lifebalanceisnotassimpleasgivingequalamountsoftimetoworkandpersonallife.【題干譯文】根據(jù)一位管理專家的說(shuō)法，工作與生活的平衡并非給予工作和個(gè)人生活同等的時(shí)間那么簡(jiǎn)單。【答案解析】B。由題干關(guān)鍵信息amanagementexpert、simple、equalamountsoftime和workandpersonallife定位到B段。該段提到，但問(wèn)題是我們經(jīng)常告訴自己:“我要投入8小時(shí)的時(shí)間去工作，然后投入8小時(shí)的‘個(gè)人時(shí)間’，這包括我的家庭、我的愛(ài)好、我的鍛煉、我的一切，”紐約大學(xué)管理學(xué)臨床副教授阿納特·萊希納說(shuō)，“我認(rèn)為這不是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的公式?！庇纱丝梢?jiàn)，題干是對(duì)該段的概括總結(jié)，其中amanagementexpert對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的AnatLechner,clinicalassociateprofessorofmanagement，而isnotassimpleas對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的don'tthinkit'ssuchasimpleformula，而givingequalamountsoftimetoworkandpersonallife是對(duì)原文中引語(yǔ)“I'mgoingtoputineighthours’worthofwork,andthenI'mgoingtoputineighthours'worthof'metime'...”的概括總結(jié)?！敬鸢冈斀狻?7.Researchfoundthatthosewhoaregivengreaterflexibilityatworkarelessstressedandmorelikelytostayintheirjobs.【題干譯文】研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些在工作中獲得更大靈活性的人壓力更小，而且更有可能留在工作崗位上?！敬鸢附馕觥縅。由題干關(guān)鍵信息greaterflexibilityatwork和lessstressedandmorelikelytostayintheirjobs定位到J段。該段最后兩句提到，不出所料，凱利和莫恩發(fā)現(xiàn)，在管理結(jié)構(gòu)重新設(shè)計(jì)組的員工報(bào)告的壓力和倦怠程度更低。他們辭職的可能性更小。由此可知，題干是對(duì)這兩句內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。其中Researchfound對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的KellyandMoenfound，而thosewhoaregivengreaterflexibilityatwork對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的employeesintheredesigngroup，而arelessstressedandmorelikelytostayintheirjobs對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的reportedlessstressandlessburnout和werelesslikelytoquittheirjobs?！敬鸢冈斀狻?8.Workerswhorejectedworkinglonghourstendedtomakeregularadjustmentsinordertoachievework-lifebalance.【題干譯文】拒絕長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作的員工傾向于做定期調(diào)整，以實(shí)現(xiàn)工作與生活的平衡。【答案解析】E。由題干關(guān)鍵信息rejectedworkinglonghours和makeregularadjustments定位到E段。該段指出，盧普和魯伊斯-卡斯特羅對(duì)那些拒絕長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作的人進(jìn)行了研究……他們傾向于以自我意識(shí)的名義反思和質(zhì)疑假設(shè)，并定期采取措施調(diào)整阻礙他們實(shí)現(xiàn)工作與生活平衡的事情。由此可知，題干是對(duì)該段內(nèi)容的概括。題千中的Workerswhorejectedworkinglonghours對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的thosewhorejectedthelonghours，而tendedto對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的hadatendencyto，而makeregularadjustmentsinordertoachievework-lifebalance對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的regularlytookstepstoadjustthethingsstandingintheirwaytowork-lifebalance?！敬鸢冈斀狻?9.Talkingaboutwork-lifebalanceissaidtobeaprivilegereservedforthebetter-off,notforthosewhobarelymakealiving.【題干譯文】據(jù)文章所說(shuō)，談?wù)摴ぷ髋c生活的平衡是留給富人的特權(quán)，而不是那些勉強(qiáng)維持生計(jì)的人的特權(quán)?！敬鸢附馕觥縇。由題干關(guān)鍵信息Talkingaboutwork-lifebalance、aprivilegereservedforthebetter-off和thosewhobarelymakealiving定位到L段。該段倒數(shù)第二、三句提到，對(duì)于數(shù)百萬(wàn)人來(lái)說(shuō)，工作就是為了能夠養(yǎng)家糊口。萊希納表示，談?wù)摴ぷ髋c生活的平衡“是一種富有特權(quán)性質(zhì)的對(duì)話”。換言之，談?wù)摴ぷ髋c生活的平衡是留給富人的特權(quán)，而不是那些勉強(qiáng)維持生計(jì)的人的特權(quán)，由此可見(jiàn)，題干是對(duì)這兩句的概括總結(jié)，其中Talkingaboutwork-lifebalance屬于原詞重現(xiàn)，而issaidtobeaprivilegereservedforthebetter-off對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的"isaveryprivilegedconversation",saysLechner，而barelymakealiving對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的beingabletoputfoodonthetable?！敬鸢冈斀狻?0.Knowingone'semotionalstateisofutmostimportanceindecidingwhatchangestomakeforabetterwork-lifebalance.【題干譯文】了解自己的情緒狀態(tài)對(duì)于決定做出什么改變來(lái)更好地平衡工作和生活至關(guān)重要?！敬鸢附馕觥縂。由題干關(guān)鍵信息one'semotionalstate、utmostimportance和decidingwhatchangestomakeforabetterwork-lifebalance定位到G段。該段最后一句提到，盧普說(shuō):“意識(shí)到自己的情緒狀態(tài)對(duì)于決定你想在工作和生活中做出的改變至關(guān)重要。”由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。其中題干中的Knowingone'semotionalstateisofutmostimportance對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的Awarenessofyouremotionalstateisessential，而decidingwhatchangestomakeforabetterwork-lifebalance對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的determinethechangesyouwanttomakeinyourworkandinyourlife。【答案詳解】41.Morefemaleprofessionalsreportedbeingreluctanttoworkovertimethantheirmalecounterparts.【題干譯文】與男性專業(yè)人士相比，更多的女性專業(yè)人士表示不愿意加班?！敬鸢附馕觥緿。由題干關(guān)鍵信息Morefemaleprofessionals、beingreluctanttoworkovertime和malecounterparts定位到D段。該段第一句提到，盡管聽(tīng)起來(lái)受訪者有很多共同點(diǎn)，但他們之間的區(qū)別是:大約30%的男性和50%的女性稱抵制長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作。即與男性專業(yè)人士相比，更多的女性專業(yè)人士表示不愿意加班。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文內(nèi)容的概括總結(jié)。題干中的Morefemaleprofessionalsreported…thantheirmalecounterparts對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的about30%ofthemenand50%ofthewomenreported，而beingreluctanttoworkovertime對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的resistingworkinglonghours.【答案詳解】42.Withoutorganisationalsupport,anypersonalefforttomaintainwork-lifebalancewillbeunsuccessful.【題干譯文】沒(méi)有組織的支持，任何維持工作與生活平衡的個(gè)人努力都不會(huì)成功?！敬鸢附馕觥縆。由題干關(guān)鍵信息Withoutorganisationalsupport、anypersonaleffort和unsuccessful定位到K段。該段最后一句提到，如果你的工作場(chǎng)所從一開(kāi)始就不是一個(gè)工作與生活可能達(dá)到平衡的環(huán)境，那么你在個(gè)人層面上為平衡工作與生活所做的任何努力都將是徒勞的。由此可知，題干是對(duì)該句內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。其中Withoutorganisationalsupport對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的Ifyourworkplaceisn'tanenvironmentwherework-lifebalanceispossibleinthefirstplace,而anypersonalefforttomaintainwork-lifebalancewillbeunsuccessful對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的anyeffortyouattempttomaketowarditonapersonallevelwillbeinvain?！敬鸢冈斀狻?3.Thequestionofhowtoachievework-lifebalancehaslongbeenthemainsubjectofdiscussionamongworkers.【題干譯文】長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，如何實(shí)現(xiàn)工作與生活的平衡這一問(wèn)題一直是員工們討論的主要話題?！敬鸢附馕觥緼。由題干關(guān)鍵信息Thequestionofhowtoachievework-lifebalance和thema