惠州中學(xué)2023級(jí)高二年級(jí)下學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)科試卷卷面滿分120分,考試用時(shí)120分鐘第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A2022BestNationalUniversityRankingsTheUSNewsBestCollegeRankingscanhelpprospectivestudentsandtheirfamiliescompareinstitutionsastheylookforthebestfit.Hereisabreakdownofwhatgoesintotheannualrankings.PrincetonUniversityTheivy-coveredcampusofPrincetonUniversity,aprivateinstitution,islocatedinthequiettownofPrinceton,NewJersey.Princetonwasthefirstuniversitytooffera“noloan(貸款)”policytofinanciallyneedystudents,givingfinancialaidinsteadofloanstoacceptedstudentswhoneedhelppayingtuition.ColumbiaUniversityColumbiaUniversityhasthreeundergraduateschools:ColumbiaCollege,TheFuFoundationSchoolofEngineeringandAppliedSciences(SEAS),andtheSchoolofGeneralStudies.ThisIvy(常春藤)League,privateschoolguaranteesstudentshousingforallfouryearsoncampusinManhat-tan’sMorningsideHeightsneighborhoodinNewYorkCity.HarvardUniversityHarvardUniversityisaprivateinstitutioninCambridge,Massachusetts,justoutsideofBoston.ThisIvyLeagueschoolistheoldesthighereducationinstitutioninthecountryandhasthelargestdonationofanyschoolintheworld.MassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyThoughtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologymaybebestknownforitsmath,scienceandengineeringeducation,thisprivateresearchuniversityalsooffersarchitecture,humanities,managementandsocialscienceprograms.TheschoolislocatedinCambridge,Massachusetts,justacrosstheCharlesRiverfromdowntownBoston.Tofurtherexploretherankingsanddata,pleaselogintheUSNewsCollegeCompass!Thefollowingpagesincludeeachschool’sperformanceacrossrankingindicatorsandthelateststatisticsusedinthecalculations.21.Whichuniversityismostfavourabletothepoorerstudents? A.HarvardUniversity. B.ColumbiaUniversity. C.PrincetonUniversity. D.MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.22.Whatdothefouruniversitieshaveincommonaccordingtothetext? A.Theyareprivateinstitutions. B.Theyguaranteestudents’accommodation. C.TheyareIvyLeagueschools. D.Theyofferfinancialaidtostudents.23.Wherecanwefindthetext? A.Inageographicalmagazine. B.Inatravelbrochure. C.Inaneducationbook. D.Onawebpage.BIfirstrealizedthatplasticwasaseriousmatterforourplanetduringmytravelinWesternAustralia.Onedayabout12yearsago,IstoppedatasupermarketalongtheCoralBaycoasttobuysomegroceries.Buttheladyatthecountertoldmethatthesupermarketdidn’tsellanyshoppingbagstopreventplasticintheoceanandhelppreservetheendangeredturtles(海龜)livinginthatarea.Afterafirstreactionofsurprise,Igatheredallpurchasesinmyarmsandleft,reflectingonwhatIhadbeentold.Theexperienceinthattripmadememoreconsciousaboutmyimpactandpushedmetoadoptvarioushabitstotravelandlivemoresustainably.Forexample,IalwayscarriedacottonbagwhenIwentshopping.MytraveltoIndonesiawasanotherlife-changingexperiencethatstrengthenedmydeterminationtoturntoazero-wastelifestyle.InIndonesia,findingsafedrinkablewaterwasalwaysachallenge,soItraveledwithmywaterbottle,managingtoavoidalmostentirelytheuseofplasticduringmytrip.However,IwasseriouslystruckbymystayontheLibaranIsland,whereasustainableandturtleconservationprojectwaslaunched10yearsago.Despitethebigeffortsbytheprojectstaffandthecommunityincleaningupthebeachesandcreativelyreusingplastic,theshorewaswasheddailywithtonsofplasticcomingfromthetides.Walkingonacarpetofplasticthatalmostpreventedmefromseeingthebeachunderneathwasquiteshocking.Facingthisglobalissueinperson,Ifeltasenseofsadnessandangerthatsoonturnedintodetermination:todoasmuchaspossibletoreduceplasticinmylife.Sometimeswemightfeelhelplessinfrontofbigproblems,butweshouldbeawarethatsmallchangescouldactuallymakeadifferencestepbystep!24.Howdoestheauthorleadinthetopicofthetext? A.Byreflectingonthepresentlife. B.Bylookingintothefutureenvironment. C.Byintroducingthepreviousachievements. D.Byrecallingthepastshoppingexperience.25.Whatdidtheauthordecidetodoafterthetripabout12yearsago? A.Cutbackontravel. B.Leadagreenlife. C.Shoplessfrequently. D.Purifydrinkingwater.26.Whatdoweknowabouttheprojectinparagraph4? A.Ithadnocleargoal. B.Itmettheislanders’needs. C.Itdidn’tworkoutverywell. D.Itaimedtopreventturtleattacks.27.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheplasticproblem? A.Itisdemanding. B.Itismanageable. C.Itiseasytosolve. D.Itisbeingoverlooked.CHumanexpertsspendyearsroastingandtastingcoffeefrommanyplacestolearnaboutthebeans.TheymightthencombineacoffeebeanfromAfricawithanotheronefromSouthAmericatocomeupwithanewblend.But,acoffeeroastingcompanyinHelsinki,Finlandishopingthatartificialintelligence,orAI,canhelpeasetheworkload.KaffaRoasteryrecentlybroughtoutits“AI-conic”blendattheHelsinkiCoffeeFestival.Theblendisamixtureoffourkindsofbeans,includingFazendaPinhalfromBrazil.ItistheresultofajointprojectbyKaffaandElev,alocalAIbusiness.SvanteHampfisthefounderofKaffaRoastery.Heandhispartnerswantedtodoanexperimenttoseewhatblendthecomputerwouldproduce.“WebasicallygavedescriptionsofallourcoffeetypesandtheirflavourstoAIandinstructedittocreateanewexcitingblend,”Hampfsaid.The“AI-conic”blendcombinedbeansfromBrazil,Colombia,EthiopiaandGuatemala.Itisdescribedas“awell-balancedblendofsweetnessandripefruit”.Hampfsaidhethoughtthecombinationwas“somewhatweird”.HewassurprisedthattheAIprogrammechosetomaketheblendoutoffourdifferentkindsofbeans.Mosthumanschooseonlytwoorthreebeans.However,afterthefirstblindtestofthenewblend,Kaffa’scoffeeexpertsagreedthattheAI-assistedblendwasperfect.Therewasnoneedtochange.Elev’sAnttiMerilehtosaid“AI-conic”isanexampleof“howAIcanintroducenewviewpointtoexperiencedprofessionals”.TheInternationalCoffeeOrganizationsaysthatthe5.6millionpeopleinFinlanddrinkthemostcoffeeperpersonintheworld.AndtheroastersatKaffasaidtheyhopetheAIprojectwillhelptobringmorethingstothestrongcoffeecultureinthecountry.Hampfcalledita“firststep”,adding,“IthinkAIhasplentytoofferusinthelongrun.Weareparticularlyimpressedofthecoffeetastedescriptionsitcreated.”28.WhatisthefunctionofParagraph1? A.Topointoutaproblem. B.Topresentafinding. C.Tointroducethetopic. D.Tocallforaction.29.Whatcanwelearnaboutthe“AI-conic”blend? A.Itisnowinmassproduction. B.Itcomesinavarietyoffruitflavours. C.Itissweeterthanothercoffee. D.Itintegratesbeansfromfourcountries.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“weird”inParagraph4probablymean? A.Strange. B.Great. C.Ordinary. D.Strong.31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext? A.AIRobotsHelpMakePerfectCoffee B.ANewCoffeeBlendWinsPeople’sLove C.AITriesHandatBlendingCoffeeinFinland D.AIProjectsAreWidelyUsedinDifferentFieldsDClimatemodelscangiveusapreviewofhowhumanity’sactions—orinaction—willchangeourplanetoverthecomingdecadesandcenturies.Butbecausetheplanetissuchacomplexsystem,theyaren’tperfect;climatemodelshaveuncertaintiesthatgrowlargerastheygofartherintothefuture.Scientistsandengineersfromacrossthecountryareteaminguptobuildanewtypeofclimatemodelthatisdesignedtoprovidemorepreciseandactionablepredictions.Currentclimatemodelingreliesondividinguptheglobeintoagrid(格子)andthencomputingwhatisgoingonineachsectorofthegrid,aswellasshowthesectorsinteractwitheachother.Limitationsinavailablecomputerprocessingpowermeanthatthosesectorsgenerallycannotbeanysmallerthantensofkilometersperside.Butforclimatemodeling,thedevilisinthedetails—detailsthatgetmissedinatoo-largegrid.“Forcitiesplanningtheirstormwatermanagementfacilitiestoresistthenext100years’worthoffloods,thisisaseriousissue.Concreteanswersaboutthelikelyrangeofclimateoutcomesarekeyforplanning.”saysTapioSchneider,seniorresearchscientistatCliMA.Weighingrecentadvancesinthecomputationalanddatasciences,theteamplanstostepinandeachofthepartnersbringsadifferentstrengthandresearchexpertisetotheproject.“Ourgoalisanewmodelthatprojectsfuturechangesincriticalvariablessuchascloudcover,seaiceextent,andrainfallmoreaccurately—withuncertaintiesatleasthalfthesizeofthoseinexistingmodels.”saidDr.Andrew,theteamleader.OnedoubterabouttheapplicationofclimatemodelsisRaffaeleFerrari,aCecilandIdaGreenProfessorofOceanographyatMIT.“Usingamodel,webecomepuppeteers,mastersofagiantsystemthatis,intruth,beyondhumancontrol.Wecancoolorheattheplanetatwill,addsaltoriceorrainordustinanyamountwewant,”Dr.Ferrarisays.“Wehavenobackupplanet.Howclimatemodelsareusedremainstobeseen.”32.Whyareclimatemodelsbuilt? A.Tocollectscientificdata. B.Tomonitorhumanactions. C.Todeliverusefulforecasts. D.Tomaintainsocialsystems.33.Whatistheproblemofcurrentclimatemodeling? A.Shortageoffacilities. B.Relianceoncomputers. C.Limitationinsimplifyingdetails. D.Inabilitytogetsmallergrids.34.Whatdoestheteamaimtodo? A.Investigateseriousissues. B.Guaranteethesafetyofthecity. C.Improvetheaccuracyofthemodels. D.Changethefutureclimate.35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph? A.Climatemodelsenjoysgreatpopularity. B.Scientistshavecreatedanewclimatemodel. C.Doubtsaboutclimatemodelsaredisappearing. D.Cautionisadvisedintheuseofclimatemodels.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Glitter(閃光紙屑)iswidelyusedtodecorateclothing,arts,andsoon.Duringfestivalsandcelebrations,itbringsjoyandexcitement,creatingadazzlingatmospherethatunitespeopleinthecelebration.36Itisnecessarytoknowwhy.37Theglitteryouusedforyourdecorationsadecadeagoprobablystillexistsnow.Anditmakesproductsthatyoumaynormallywishtorecycle,suchaswrappingpaper,nolongerrecyclable.ThisiswhytheUKgovernmenthasbannedtoputshinyorglitteryChristmascardsorwrappingpaperinrecyclingbags.Besides,duetoitssize,lotsofplasticglitterwillunavoidablymakeitswayintowater,rivers,andeventuallytheoceans.38Thishasbeenshowntosignificantlyimpactthereproductionratesofoyster(牡蠣)andmakeotheranimalslessactive,morelikelytobeeatenandlesslikelytothrive.Glitteralsocontributestotheincreasingmicroplasticsinsidehumanbodies.39Asidefromdirectlyfindingitswayintoourfoodfromglitterycardsanddecorations,it'sconsumedbyfish,shellfish,seabirdsandothermarinelife,thuspassingthroughthefoodchainandeventuallyreachingusandharmingourhealth.Whilerestrictingglitterisonlyanextremelysmallstepinaddressingthebroadermicroplasticproblem,theEuropeanUnionhastakentheleadinthis.LeadingUKretailer(零售商)suchasMorrisonsshouldbepraisedfortakingastandandgoingcompletelyglitterfree.40Butifwearetoprotectourplanet,nostepistoosmall.A.Thismeansitgetseverywhere.B.Lifeinthesewaterbodiesoftenmistakesitforfood.C.ButitisnowofficiallybannedintheEuropeanUnion.D.Thematerialsusedtomakeglitterareknowntoharmhumanhealth.E.Growingresearchsuggestsglitterendsupbackonourdinnertables.F.Banningglitterobviouslywon'tcompletelysavetheclimateoranimals.G.Theproblemwithglittersisthatitisamicroplasticthatdoesn'tbreakdownnaturally.第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Iwasgoingthroughacuteanxiety,whichcausedmybodytorespondinafrighteningway.Ifearedsomethingwaswrongwithmyheart,soIturnedto41forhelp.Witha29-year-oldpatientattheoffice,thecardiologist(心臟病科專家)seemed42asIwasprobablynothisusualtypeofpatient.Hefranklytoldme,“Ican'ttellyouwhatthelittlethingyoufeelinyourchestis.”He43myconcerns,offerednosympathy,andsentmehome.Ifelt44thatI'dwastedhisvaluabletimeandIwasmoreanxiousthanI'dbeenbefore.Withtearsinmyeyes,ItoldtheseconddoctorthatIfelt“messedup”.Thedoctorlistened45,pulledhischairupbesidemeandgently46me.Hesaid,“We'regoingtodoeverythingwecantocheckyouandmakesurenothingis47,andIthinkwhatyou'remostprobablyexperiencingisanxiety.”Hespoketomecompassionately,andwithfull48ofmyconcerns.Thewayhecommunicatedwithmenever49metofeelguiltyorfoolish.Hecaredforme,listenedtome,andunderstoodme.Mostimportantly,Ifelthehadmybest50inmindandhewas51helpingmesortoutwhatwasbotheringme.Afterthat,Ifeltlikemostofmysymptomsanddiscomfort52.Yearslater,Irecognizedthe53ofDoctor2’ssympatheticresponseandDoctor1’sinaction.AndIthinkourmedical54shouldgobeyondthepurephysical,andsometimesweshould55thepsychologicalone,too.41.A.colleagues B.relatives C.friends D.professionals42.A.embarrassed B.confused C.worried D.disappointed43.A.figuredout B.gotacross C.brushedaside D.putforward44.A.dissatisfied B.ashamed C.astonished D.annoyed45.A.selectively B.automatically C.desperately D.attentively46.A.comforted B.judged C.observed D.amused47.A.approaching B.blaming C.waiting D.happening48.A.imagination B.description C.comprehension D.expectation49.A.required B.caused C.reminded D.prepared50.A.interests B.lessons C.beliefs D.suggestions51.A.addictedto B.accustomedto C.gratefulfor D.committedto52.A.disappeared B.worsened C.developed D.counted53.A.relationship B.profit C.impact D.attempt54.A.treatment B.choice C.skill D.supply55.A.adapt B.value C.share D.benefit第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分,滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。InJuly,2024,studentsfromSouthwestUniversitytraveledtoZhishengTown,Chongqing,usingAItechnology56(restore)oldphotosforlocalvillagers.Villagersbroughtindamagedphotosoffamilymembers,specialevents,andotherpreciousmoments.Thesephotographs,damagedbytime,57(process)bytheAlmodelcarefully.“Somevillagers’eyeswerefilledwithtearswhenseeingtherepairedphotos.That's58webelievetechnologyisnotjustatool.Itconnectsustoourpastandenrichesourpresent,”saidShengYang,astudent59(major)inIntelligentScienceandTechnology.TheteamusedtheStableDiffusionopen-sourceengine,customizingittoimprovephotocolorsharpness,andresolution.WhenAlalonewasinsufficient,further60(adjust)wasmadeusingtraditionaltoolslikePhotoshop.WhiletheAlmodel61(prove)effectiveinreconstructingfacessofar,itstillfacesmanychallenges.“Theproblemsreflect62limitationsinalgorithms(算法)andweneedmoreadvancedtechniques,”Shengnoted.Theprojectnotonlyshowedthepositiveroleoftechnologyinenhancingcommunitybondsbuthelpedkeepthosebonds63(root)intradition.Ontheonehand,theyoungergenerationgavebacktooldervillagersbypreservingtheircherishedmemories.Ontheotherhand,itshowedtheprofoundimpactthatmoderntechnologyhave64safeguardingpersonalhistoriesandculture,especiallyina65(rapid)changingworldwheretraditionscaneasilyfade.寫作(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)(滿分15分)假定你是李華，在學(xué)校英語(yǔ)論壇上看到一則求助帖:Ilovedrawing,butmyfriendissomuchbetteratitthanIam.Wheneverwedrawtogether,Iendupfeelingdiscouragedandupset.Pleasehelp!Anyadvicewouldmeanalottome.Thanks!請(qǐng)寫一則回帖，提出你的建議。注意:(1)寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；(2)請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。(滿分25分)閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文?！癆nybodyhaveabandage(繃帶)?”avoiceechoeddownthedorm(宿舍)hallway.Thatwasacommonscenefrequentlyhappeninginourfirstweek