專題10自然和宇宙探索(原卷版)

【材料來(lái)源：TheNewYorkTimesMay27,2024]

RiversofLavaonVenusRevealaMore

VolcanicallyActivePlanet

Witnessingtheblood-redfiresofavolcaniceruptiononEarthismemorable.Buttoseemoltenrockbleedout

ofavolcanoonadifferentplanetwouldbeextraordinary.ThatisclosetowhatscientistshavespottedonVenus:

twovast,sinuouslavaflowsoozingfromtwodifferentcomersofEarth'splanetaryneighbor.

"Afteryouseesomethinglikethis,thefirstreactionis'wow'JsaidDavideSulcanese,authorofastudy

reportingthediscoveryinthejournalNatureAstronomy.

EarthandVenuswereforgedatthesametime.Botharemadeofthesameprimevalmatter,andbotharethe

sameageandsize.SowhyisEarthaparadiseoverflowingwithwaterandlife,whileVenusisascorchedhellscape

withacidicskies?

Volcaniceruptionstinkerwithplanetaryatmospheres.Onetheoryholdsthat,eonsago,severalapocalyptic

eruptionssetoffarunawaygreenhouseeffectonVenus,turningitfromatemperate,waterloggedworldintoanarid

desert.

Tobetterunderstanditsvolcanism,scientistshopedtocatchaVenusianeruptionintheact.Butalthoughthe

planetisknowntobesmotheredinvolcanoes,anopaqueatmospherehaspreventedanyonefromseeingan

eruption.

Inthe1990s,NASAusedcloud-penetratingradartosurveymostoftheplanet.Butbackthen,therelatively

low-resolutionimagesmadespottingfreshmoltenrockatroublesometask.

Byusingmodemsoftware,scientistshavenowfoundtwounambiguouslavaflows.

【譯文欣賞】

金星上的熔巖河揭示了一顆火山活動(dòng)更加活躍的行星

在地球上目睹火山爆發(fā)時(shí)的血紅色火焰令人難忘。但在另一顆行星上看到熔巖從火山中噴涌而出，更

是非同尋常。這幾乎就是科學(xué)家們?cè)诮鹦巧习l(fā)現(xiàn)的情況：在這個(gè)地球鄰居的行星表面上，兩股巨大的熔巖

流從兩個(gè)不同的角落里蜿蜒流出。

這一發(fā)現(xiàn)已發(fā)表在《自然-天文學(xué)》(NatureAstronomy)期刊上。這項(xiàng)研究的作者達(dá)維德?蘇爾卡內(nèi)塞

（DavideSulcanese）說(shuō)："當(dāng)你看到這樣的場(chǎng)景時(shí)，第一反應(yīng)就是‘哇‘。"

地球和金星誕生于同一時(shí)期。兩者由相同的原始物質(zhì)構(gòu)成，年齡和大小也相同。那么，為什么地球是

一個(gè)充滿水和生命的天堂，而金星卻是一個(gè)天上下酸雨的焦土地獄呢？

火山噴發(fā)改變了行星的大氣層。有一種理論認(rèn)為，很久以前，幾次世界末日般的火山噴發(fā)引發(fā)了失控

的溫室效應(yīng)，使得金星從一個(gè)氣候溫和、水源豐富的世界變成了干旱的沙漠。

為了更好地了解金星上的火山活動(dòng)，科學(xué)家們希望能夠捕捉到火山噴發(fā)的畫(huà)面。然而，盡管人們知道

金星上遍布火山，但不透明的大氣層讓人們無(wú)法看到火山爆發(fā)。

20世紀(jì)90年代，美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局（NASA）使用穿透云層的雷達(dá)勘測(cè)了金星的大部分區(qū)域。但在

當(dāng)時(shí)，圖像分辨率較低，要發(fā)現(xiàn)新鮮的熔巖十分困難。

如今，借助現(xiàn)代軟件，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩處清晰可見(jiàn)的熔巖流。

【詞匯積累】

1.witness/'witnss/v.目擊

2.molten/'moultsn/adj.熔化的；鑄造的；熾熱的

3.extraordinary/ik'stroTds.neri/adj.非凡的；特別的；離奇的；特派的

4.sinuous/'smjuss/adj.蜿蜒曲折的

5.ooze/u:z/v.滲出；滲透

6.fbrge/fbirdj/v.鍛造（金屬）

7.primeval/praimi:vol/adj.原始的；初期的（等于primaeval）

8.overflow/.ouvorflou/v.溢出；擠滿了人；過(guò)度延伸；淹沒(méi)

9.scorched/sko:rtft/adj.燒焦的

10.arunawayeffect/'rAns.weifffekt/失控

11.eons/'i:a:nz/n.萬(wàn)古；永世

12.waterlogged/'woitsr.lo^d/adj.澇的，浸滿水的，吸絕水的

13.arid/'send/adj.干旱的；不毛的，［農(nóng)］荒蕪的

14.smothered/'smAdord/insth被某物裹著

15.op叫ue/ou'peik/adj.不透明的

16.cloud-penetrating/klaud'penitreitig/adj.穿越云層的

17.troublesome/'trAbslssm/adj.令人煩惱的；討厭的；令人痛苦的

18.unambiguous/,Anaem'bigjuss/adj.意思清楚的；明確的

【長(zhǎng)難句分析】

原句

Butalthoughtheplanetisknowntobesmotheredinvolcanoes,anopaqueatmospherehaspreventedanyonefrom

seeinganeruption.

譯文

然而，盡管人們知道金星上遍布火山，但不透明的大氣層讓人們無(wú)法看到火山爆發(fā)。

分析

+一[主句：anopaqueatmospherehaspreventedanyonefromseeinganeruption]

I

+一[讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：Butalthoughtheplanetisknowntobesmotheredinvolcanoes]

I

+--[主語(yǔ):theplanet]

I

+--[謂語(yǔ):isknown]

I

+--[不定式短語(yǔ)：tobesmotheredinvolcanoes]

I

+-[介詞短語(yǔ):involcanoes]

(-)

NewSpaceMissionsin2024

ESA'sHeramission

TheEuropeanSpaceAgency(ESA)planstolaunchitsHeraspacecraftinOctoberonamissiontoreturnto

anasteroid彳亍星)systemvisitedbyNASA'sDARTspacecraftin2022.Heraisdesignedtocollectdataonthe

targetedsystem,calledDidymos.ThespacecraftisexpectedtocloselyexaminethephysicalpropertiesofDidymos

andmeasuredetailedeffectsofDART?scrash.

EuropaClipper

NASAhopestolaunchitsEuropaClippermissioninOctober.Thisorbiterisdesignedtocarryoutclose

examinationsofJupiter5smoonEuropa.Specifically,themissionwilllookforsignsthattheicymoonmighthold

therightconditionstosupportlife.NASAsaystheorbiterwillflyinorbitaroundJupiterandperformrepeated

closeflybysoftheicymoon.

Boeing火Starlinertestflight

NASAandBoeinghavesaidtheyplantolaunchthefirstcrewedtestflightofthecompany'sStarliner

spacecraft.NASAsaysitistargetingMay2024tohaveStarlinerreadyforflight.Thelaunchdateistobesetlater.

ThespacecraftcompleteditsfirstunscrewedflighttesttotheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)lastMay.But

BoeinghasexperiencedseveraltechnicaldifficultieswithStarlinerduringthemissionandhasworkedwithNASA

tofixtheproblemsasitpreparesfortheplannedcrewedflight.

SpaceXStarshiptest

SpaceX,anotherNASA'spartner,hasbeensuccessfullyusingitsrocketsandspacecrafttotransport

astronautsandmaterialstotheISSsince2020.Butthecompanywillbeseekingasuccessfultestflightin2024for

itssuper-heavyStarshipspacecraft.

SpaceXexperiencedtwofailedStarshiptestsin2023一oneinAprilandtheotherinNovember-which

resultedinexplosions.TheAprilexplosioncausedmajordamagetothelaunchstructureinthestateofTexas.

SpaceXhassaidithasbeenexaminingtheissuesrelatedtotheexplosionsandplanstocarryoutanothertestof

Starshipassoonaspossible.ButitwillhavetowaituntiltheUSFederalAviationAdministration(FAA)completes

itsinvestigationofthelaunchsitedamageandapprovesanewtest.

1.WhichofthefollowingplanstocollectdataaboutDidymos?

A.NASA.B.FAA.C.SpaceX.D.ESA.

2.WhenisEuropaClipperscheduledtolaunch?

A.InApril.B.InMay.C.InOctober.D.InNovember.

3.WhatdoweknowaboutSpaceXStarship?

A.Thedateforitsthirdtestflightisunclear.

B.IthassucceededinsendingastronautstotheISS.

C.Thereasonforitsfirstfailurehasbeenidentified.

D.Itssecondtestflightdamagedthelaunchstructure.

??;0。?，

原句

SpaceX,anotherNASA'spartner,hasbeensuccessfullyusingitsrocketsandspacecrafttotransportastronauts

andmaterialstotheISSsince2020.

譯文

SpaceX,另一家NASA的合作伙伴，自2020年以來(lái)一直成功地使用其火箭和航天器將宇航員和物資運(yùn)

送到國(guó)際空間站。

分析

+--［主句：SpaceXhasbeensuccessfullyusingitsrocketsandspacecrafttotransportastronautsandmaterialsto

theISSsince2020］

I

+--［同位語(yǔ)：anotherNASA'spartner］

I

+—［動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)：hasbeenusing］

II

|+-［副詞：successfully］

II

|十一［賓語(yǔ)：itsrocketsandspacecraft］

|［不定式短語(yǔ)：totransportastronautsandmaterialstotheISS］

［時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：since2020］

1.missionn.任務(wù)2.spacecraftn.宇宙飛船

3.asteroidn.小彳亍星4.targetedadj.目標(biāo)的

5.examinev.檢查6.measurev.測(cè)］量

7.orbitern.軌道飛行器8.crewedadj.有人操作的

9.explosionn.爆炸10.launchsiten.發(fā)射地點(diǎn)

（二）

Disabledastronauts-in-traininghavecompletedazero-gravityflight25,000ftaboveEarthtohelpunderstand

howspacesuitsandspaceshipscanbemademoreaccessible.

Thegroupof14,whowerefromfivedifferentcountries,includingAustralia,Brazil,Germany,Spainand

theUS,wasmadeupofscientists,engineersanddoctors.Theyhavemobility,visionandhearingdifficulties.

Thegroundbreakingtrip,organizedbyAstroAccess,happenedonaZero-GaircraftinHouston,Texas.It

camejustweeksaftertheEuropeanSpaceAgency(ESA)announcedthatformerParalympianrunner,JohnMcFall,

wouldbepartofthe2022ESAAstronautClass.ThemissiontookoffandlandedatEllingtonAirport,nexttothe

HoustonSpaceportandtheNASAJohnsonSpacecenter-hometotheUShumanspaceflighttraining.

Onclimbingtoaheightof25,000ft,thevehiclebegan18parabolicmanoeuvres（拋物線演習(xí)），allowingthe

crewstotestoutwhatwasneededtomaketripstospacemoreaccessibleforthosewithdisabilities.

Onegrouptestedasetoftactilegraphics（觸覺(jué)圖形）tobeaddedtocabinwallsthatwouldallowbothblind

crewmembersandshort-sightedcrewmemberstomaintainasenseofdirectionduringemergenciesandhelpthem

findemergencydeviceinzerogravityifthelightswentoff.ThoseworkingwiththeBlindandMobilityCrewwere

abletodemonstratethatadisabledpersoncanindependentlygetintoalaunchseatandsafelyfastenthefive-point

seatbelt,provingthatdisabledpeoplecansafelyjoinspacemissions.Thehard-of-hearingandblindcrewsworked

withSonyandSonicCloudtohelpimprovespeechunderstandingsystemsonboard,usingSonicCloud's

innovativesoundpersonalizationsoftware.

MattGohd,CEOofZero-GCorporationsaid:"FromourtimewithStevenHawkingtoourrelationshipwith

AstroAccess,Zero-Gbelievesthattheonlylimitsyouhavearetheonesyouplaceonyourself.Wearehonoredto

sharethisamazingexperienceandthefirststepstospacewiththisextraordinarygroupofindividuals.Spaceshould

beopentoeveryone.^^

4.Whatistheideabehindtheflight?

A.Spacetravelcanbeaccessibletoeveryone.

B.Spacetravelwillbecomeapopularindustry.

C.Spacetravelcandevelopaspiritofadventure.

D.Spacetravelwillbegoodforuniverseexploration.

5.Whatwasspecialabouttheflight?

A.Ithadaformerathleteonboard.B.Itwasdesignedfordisabledpeople.

C.Itwasthefirstzero-gravityflightever.D.Itgotfinancialaidfromdifferentcountries.

6.Whywerethetestsconducted?

A.Tomakepreparationsfortheflight.

B.Toenhancespeechunderstandingsystems.

C.Tobettertheskillsofthedisabledinusinglaunchseats.

D.Toevaluatethepossibilityofspacetravelforthedisabled.

7.WhatmessageisconveyedinMattGohd'swords?

A.Greatmindsthinkalike.B.Unityisstrength.

C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.D.Anythingispossible.

原句

Onclimbingtoaheightof25,000ft,thevehiclebegan18parabolicmanoeuvres（拋物線演習(xí)），allowingthe

crewstotestoutwhatwasneededtomaketripstospacemoreaccessibleforthosewithdisabilities.

譯文

在爬升到2.5萬(wàn)英尺的高度時(shí)，飛行器開(kāi)始了18次拋物線飛行，讓工作人員測(cè)試需要什么才能讓殘疾

人更方便地前往太空。

分析

+一[主句：thevehiclebegan18parabolicmanoeuvres]

I

[狀語(yǔ):Onclimbingtoaheightof25,000ft]

I

+--[伴隨狀語(yǔ)：allowingthecrewstotestoutwhatwasneededtomaketripstospacemoreaccessiblefor

thosewithdisabilities]

I

[賓語(yǔ)：thecrews]

I

+--[不定式短語(yǔ):totestout]

I

+—[賓語(yǔ)從句：whatwasneededtomaketripstospacemoreaccessiblefbrthosewith

disabilities]

HE??

1.astronautn.宇航員2.zero-gravityn.失重狀態(tài)

3.mobilityn.行動(dòng)能力4.visionn.視力

5.groundbreakingadj.開(kāi)創(chuàng)性的6.manoeuvren.演習(xí)

7.tactileadj.觸覺(jué)的8.graphicsn.圖形

9.fastenv.系緊10.personalizationn.個(gè)性化

（三）

Asmuchasweliketothinkaboutnatureembodyingbalance,theuniverseisactuallyfilledwithimbalance,

too.Lefstakethesupernova（超新星）forexample.Twostarsorbiteachother.Oneofthestarsisolder,calleda

"whitedwarf,“whiletheotherstarisabityounger.Theirmutualgravitationalinteraction（相互弓I力相互作用）

pullsmaterialofftheyoungerstaranddumpsitontothesurfaceofthewhitedwarf.Ifenoughmaterialfallsonto

thedwar￡thestuffdumpedontothewhitedwarfbeginsto"burn".

Iftheconditionsareright,youalwaysbumupthesameamountofmaterialthatgetsadded.Ifthedonorstar

isdumpingtoomuchmaterialontothedwarf,theburningrunsoutofcontrol.Itconsumesnotjustthenewmaterial

onthewhitedwarfssurfacebutthewholeofthedwarfstaritself.Somuchenergyisreleasedsoquicklythatthe

starfindsitselfwildlyoutofbalance.Inaninstant,itbecomesasuper-hotballofunbalancedpressure,BOOM!A

supernovaisbom.

Closertohome,asimilarbutdifferentkindofprocesshappensinvolcanoes.Volcanoesarebomwhen

magma（熔巖）fromdeepintheEarthmakesitswayslowlytothesurfacethroughcracksintheplanefscrust（地

殼）.Theheatfromthemagmabuildsupamassivepressureimbalanceinsidethemountain.Ifsthatimbalancethat

drivestheBOOM,thevolcaniceruptionthatripsazilliontonsofrocksawayandsendsash15milesintothesky.

Buthere9sthething:Supernova,volcanoesandallthoseotherexplosionsintheuniversearenotjust

awesomesights.Theyareallessentialplayersincosmic（宇宙的）evolution.Supernovacreatealotoftheelements

inyourbodythatareessentialtolife.Nosupernova,noyou.Andvolcanoesareessentialtoevolutionoftheplanet,

includingthecyclingofgreenhousegaseslikeCO2thatmakeEarthhabitable.Novolcanoes,noyou.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thedonorstar“refertoinparagraph2?

A.Theyoungerstar.B.Theolderstar.

C.Thesupernova.D.Thewhitedwarf.

9.Whatfactorleadstoboththebirthofsupernovasandvolcaniceruption?

A.Hotmagma.B.Burningmaterial.

C.Unbalancedpressure.D.Gravitationalinteraction.

10.Whatcanwelearnabouttheexplosionsintheuniverseinthelastparagraph?

A.Theyevolveasplayers.B.Theycreatehumanbodies.

C.Theyareawesomesights.D.Theyarenecessarytolife.

11.Inwhichsectionofawebsitecanyoufindthispassage?

A.Profile.B.Science.C.Health.D.Economy.

?。1@。?I

原句

IfsthatimbalancethatdrivestheBOOM,thevolcaniceruptionthatripsazilliontonsofrocksawayand

sendsash15milesintothesky.

譯文

正是這種不平衡導(dǎo)致了火山爆發(fā)，火山爆發(fā)撕裂了無(wú)數(shù)噸的巖石，將火山灰噴向15英里外的天空

分析

這個(gè)句子為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)uthatimbalance。

+--[主句：IfsthatimbalancethatdrivestheBOOM,thevolcaniceruption]

I

+--[同位語(yǔ)：thevolcaniceruption]

I

十一]定語(yǔ)從句:thatripsazilliontonsofrocksawayandsendsash15milesintothesky]

HE??

1.embodyv.體現(xiàn)2.imbalancen.不平衡，失衡

3.orbitv.環(huán)繞4.gravitationaladj.引力的

5.interactionn.相互作用6.dumpv.傾倒

7.consumev.消耗8.magman.熔巖

9.crackn.裂縫10.cosmicadj.宇宙的

（四）

AlthoughSirIsaacNewtondidnotemployhisreflectingtelescopetouncovernovelastronomical

phenomena,hediduseittocompletelytransformhowweviewtheworldweliveinandtheuniverseasawhole.

Reflectingtelescopesusemirrorstobendlightandenlargeimages,distinguishingthemfromrefractors（折

射望遠(yuǎn)鏡）thatrelyonlenses.Theirsimplicityinconstructionandabilitytoachievemuchgreatersizesthan

refractorshaveledtoatransformationinourastronomicalknowledgeandourcomprehensionoftheuniverse.

Aslightpassesthroughglass,variouscolorsorbandsarerefractedatvaryingangles,leadingtochromatic

aberration（色差）andconsequently,distortedimageswhenviewedthroughalens.InthetimeofNewton,the

technologyforproducingglassandlenseswasstillveryprimitive,andthechallengesassociatedwithchromatic

aberrationhadnotbeenadequatelyaddressed.Todaywecanmakelensesthathavealmostnochromaticaberration

butwecan'tmakethemverylarge.Asthesizeofalensincreasessignificantly,itbecomesextremelyheavy,

causingitsownweighttodistortthelensandconsequentlyruintheimagequality.

Newton'stelescopesolvedtheseproblems.Amirrordoesn'tallowlighttopass.Itsimplybouncesallthe

lightoffthesurface.Thismeansthere9snochromaticaberration.Plus,becauseweonlyneedtobouncelightoffthe

surface,wecansupporttheentiremirroronabase,reducingitsweight.Thisallowsustobuildmuchlargermirrors

withoutanydistortion.

WhileGalileoiscreditedwiththediscoveryofmoonsaroundJupiterandHalleywithpredictingthecomet's

orbit,whatNewtondiddowastieinmathematics,astronomyandourcomprehensionoftheuniversethroughthe

useofhistelescopeandhisuniversalgravitationtheory.

TheoriginaltelescopeconstructedbyNewtonispreservedandmaintainedbytheRoyalSocietyofLondon.

ItisshowcasedinLondonandoccasionallyembarksoninternationaltoursasanelementofexhibitions.

12.WhatdoweknowaboutNewton'sreflectingtelescope?

A.Ithasacomplexstructure.

B.Itreliesonmirrorsinsteadoflenses.

C.Itcanmaketheimagesmallerthanarefractor.

D.IthelpedNewtonuncovernovelastronomicalphenomena.

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“distorted“meaninParagraph3?

A.Confused.B.Twisted.C.Evident.D.Vivid.

14.WhatproblemsdidNewton'stelescopemanagetosolve?

A.Issueswithimagequality.B.Restrictionsonthesize.

C.Challengesoflensmaking.D.Limitsoflightpassingangles.

15.Whatistheauthor'spurposeofmentioningGalileoandHalley?

A.Tostateafact.B.Toraiseapoint.

C.Toexplainaconcept.D.Tomakeacomparison.

原句

WhileGalileoiscreditedwiththediscoveryofmoonsaroundJupiterandHalleywithpredictingthecomet5s

orbit,whatNewtondiddowastieinmathematics,astronomyandourcomprehensionoftheuniversethrough

theuseofhistelescopeandhisuniversalgravitationtheory.

譯文

伽利略發(fā)現(xiàn)了木星周圍的衛(wèi)星，哈雷預(yù)測(cè)了彗星的軌道，而牛頓所做的是通過(guò)使用他的望遠(yuǎn)鏡和萬(wàn)有引

力理論，將數(shù)學(xué)、天文學(xué)和我們對(duì)宇宙的理解聯(lián)系在一起。

分析

+--[主句：whatNewtondiddowastieinmathematics,astronomyandourcomprehensionoftheuniverse]

I

+--[主語(yǔ)從句：whatNewtondiddo]

I

+-[系動(dòng)詞：was]

I

+--[表語(yǔ)：tieinmathematics,astronomyandourcomprehensionoftheuniverse]

I

+一[方式狀語(yǔ)：throughtheuseofhistelescopeandhisuniversalgravitationtheory]

I

[狀語(yǔ)從句：WhileGalileoiscreditedwiththediscoveryofmoonsaroundJupiterandHalleywith

predictingthecomet9sorbit]

HE??

1.reflectingtelescopen.反射望遠(yuǎn)鏡2.noveladj.新奇的

3.astronomicaladj.天文的4.phenomenan.現(xiàn)象

5.transformv.改變6.refractorn.折射望遠(yuǎn)鏡

7.lensn.鏡片8.chromaticaberrationn.色差

9.distortedadj.扭曲的10.bouncev.反彈

（五）

EatinginSpace

Imaginegoingcampingformorethanaweekwithseveralofyourclosefriends.Youwouldmakesureyou

haveplentyoffoodandtheequipmenttocookandeatitwith.Thefoodwouldhavetobestoredproperlyandnot

spoiled.

16Preparationvarieswiththefoodtype.Somefoodscanbeeatenintheirnaturalforms,suchas

browniesandfruit.Otherfoodsrequireaddingwater,suchasmacaroniandcheeseorspaghetti.Ofcourse,anoven

isprovidedinthespacestationtoheatfoodstothepropertemperature.17,sospacefoodmustbestored

andpreparedproperlytoavoidspoilage,especiallyonlongermissions.

Condiments(調(diào)味品)，suchasketchup,mustardandmayonnaise,areprovided.Saltandpepperareavailable

butonlyinaliquidform.Thisisbecauseastronautscan'tsprinklesaltandpepperontheirfoodinspace.Thesalt

andpepperwouldsimplyfloataway.18

Astronautseatthreemealsaday:breakfast,lunchanddinner.Nutritionistsensurethefoodastronautseat

providesthemwithabalancedsupplyofvitaminsandminerals.19Forinstance,asmallwomanwould

requireonlyabout1,900caloriesaday,whilealargemanwouldrequireabout3,200calories.Anastronautcan

choosefrommanytypesoffoodssuchasfruits,nuts,peanutbutter,chicken,beef,seafood,candy,brownies,etc.

Availabledrinksincludecoffee,tea,orangejuice,fruitpunchesandlemonade.

20.Astronautsmustthrowtheirpackagesawaywhentheyhavefinishedeating.Somepackaging

actuallypreventsfoodfromflyingaway.Thefoodpackagingisdesignedtobeflexibleandeasiertouse,aswellas

tomaximizespacewhenstowingordisposingoffoodcontainers.

A.Calorierequirementsdifferforastronauts.

B.Therearenorefrigeratorsinspace

C.AsonEarth,spacefoodcomesindisposablepackages

D.It'sadifficultprocesstomakeandpreparefoodforspace.

E.Astronautsbasicallydothesamethingwhentheygotospace.

F.Thespacefoodsystemsteamisrequiredtomeetthenutritionalneedsofeachcrewmember.

G.Thereisadangertheycouldblockairholes,dirtyequipmentorgetstuckinanastronaut5seyes,mouthornose.

亙］忙前!■

1.spoilv.變質(zhì)2.temperaturen.溫度

3.storedadj.儲(chǔ)存的4.properlyadv.適當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

5.condimentn.調(diào)味品6.liquidn.液體

7.sprinklev.撒8.nutritionistn.營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)家

9.stowv.裝載lO.disposen.處理

（六）

ForalittlegirlgrowingupinColombiainthe1980s,asciencecareerwithNASAmayhaveseemedlike

settingfootonafarawayplanet.21,DianaTrujillhasmadeit-sheisa(n)22now,leadinga

45-personteamthafsresponsiblefortheroboticarmofthelatestMarsrover.Bomin1983,evenasayounggirl,

Dianawascertainofherpassionfbrscience.Whenshewas17,herdadofferedtosendhertoMiami,Floridato

studyAerospaceEngineering.Withoutany23,shefollowedherdad's24.ArrivingintheU.S.with

just$300,Trujillohadto25throughschoolbydoingaseriesofhousekeepingjobs.The26was

definitelynoteasy,butTrujillonevercomplained.

Thencameanother27momentforTrujillo.Oneofherprofessorscasuallymentionedanastronaut

theywereacquaintedwith.28shewas'justonepersonawayfromknowinganastronaut"wasallittookto

29Trujillo'scareergoals.Soshe30herstudiesinspacescienceand31becamethefirst

Hispanic（拉丁裔的）womantobeadmittedtotheNASAAcademyin2007.Sincethen,Trujillohaswornmany

hatsatAmerica'sspaceagency.

ButDianahasn't32there.Shealsoleadsbyexample,33womentopursuecareersin

STEMfields.Herownstoryisa34thatjustbeyondthatbarrierliesanentireuniverseofopportunities

waitingforanyonewillingtoworkhardenoughto35thestars.

21.A.ThereforeB.InsteadC.HoweverD.Moreover

22.A.astronautB.engineerC.pilotD.doctor

23.A.hesitationB.complaintC.expectationD.promise

24.A.commandB.footstepC.requestD.suggestion

25.A.goB.passC.struggleD.push

26.A.missionB.careerC.adventureD.process

27.A.risk-takingB.life-changingC.time-consumingD.energy-saving

28.A.RealizingB.RememberingC.ImaginingD.Assuming

29.A.recordB.shareC.inspireD.finish

30.A.startedB.abandonedC.suspendedD.continued

31.A.immediatelyB.eventuallyC.graduallyD.suddenly

32.A.leftB.succeededC.stoppedD.reached

33.A.encouragingB?promisingC.allowingD.persuading

34.A.symbolB.noticeC.warningD.reminder

35.A.stareatB.reachforC.longforD.comeafter

1.farawayadj.遙遠(yuǎn)的2.careern.職業(yè)

3.roboticadj.機(jī)器人的4.rovern.漫游者

5.passionn.熱情6.aerospacen.航空航天

7.hesitationn.猶豫8.footstepn.腳步

9.strugglev.奮斗lO.life-changingadj.改變?nèi)松?/p>

（2024?北京?高考真題）Thenotionthatweliveinsomeoneelse9svideogameisirresistibletomany.

Searchingtheterm"simulationhypothesis^^（模擬彳發(fā)說(shuō)）returnsnumerousresultsthatdebatewhethertheuniverse

isacomputersimulation-aconceptthatsomescientistsactuallytakeseriously.Unfortunately,thisisnota

scientificquestion.Wewillprobablyneverknowwhetherifstrue.Wecan,instead,usethisideatoadvance

scientificknowledge.

The18th-centuryphilosopherKantarguedthattheuniverseultimatelyconsistsofthings-in-themselvesthat

areunknowable.Whileheheldthenotionthatobjectiverealityexists,hesaidourmindplaysanecessaryrolein

structuringandshapingourperceptions.Modemscienceshaverevealedthatourperceptualexperienceoftheworld

istheresultofmanystagesofproces