定語(yǔ)從句

1.定義：

充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)作用的從句:用于限制、描繪或說(shuō)明主句中某一個(gè)名詞、代詞或整個(gè)句子.

2.先行詞：

被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的對(duì)象稱為先行詞.

3.關(guān)系詞：

引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫作關(guān)系詞.關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞.

先行詞所作成分

指人指物主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)

thatJVJJV

whichVJJ

關(guān)

系whoJJJ

代whomJJ

詞

whoseJJ

asJJJJJ

day,year,date,time

whenJ

關(guān)等時(shí)間名詞

系

place,city,Beijing

副whereV

等地點(diǎn)名詞

詞

whyreasonJ

4.分類:

按定語(yǔ)從句與其先行詞的關(guān)系,分為：限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句.限制性定語(yǔ)

從句與其先行詞的關(guān)系密切，其間不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi);非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與其先行詞的關(guān)系比較

松散,其間要用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi).

5.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系代詞除了起連接主句和從句的作用外，還在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等

成分.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),通常可省略.

Eg：Themanwho/thatisstandingunderthetreeisournewEnglishteacher.（作

主語(yǔ)）

Iboughtthisbook（which/that）Ithoughtwasinteresting.（作賓語(yǔ)）

Thecityisnolongerthesameasitwas.（作表語(yǔ)）

Billdoesn,tlikethehousewhosewindowisbroken.（作定語(yǔ)）

6.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ),分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因等.

Eg：Istillrememberthedaywhenwemetforthefirsttime.

Theybookedthehotelwheretheystayedlastsummerholiday.

Theteacherdidn'tacceptthereasonwhyhewaslateagain.

7.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有as,which,who,whom,whose;關(guān)系副詞有when

和where.

Eg：Aswcallknow,waterwillturnintoiccwhenthetemperatureisbelowzero.

Mygrandpa,whoisovereighty,exerciseseveryday.

Manypeopleareusedtostayinguplate,whichisbadfortheirhealth.

Jimmyknewtheboy,whomItalkedwithjustnow.

Frankvisitedasmal1farm,wherehisfatherworkedtwentyyearsago.

8.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇

(1)從句缺少成分，則選提關(guān)系代詞

(2)從句不缺成分，則選挎關(guān)系副詞

Eg：Theytalkedaboutthecitythesingerheldaconcert.

A.whoseB.thatC.whereD./

解析：C.從句不塊成分，因此需選擇關(guān)系副詞where.

Theytalkedaboutthecitywasfamousasatradecenter.

A.whoseB.thatC.whereD./

解析：B.從句缺少主語(yǔ)，因此需選擇關(guān)系代詞，且根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選擇that.

9.關(guān)系代詞that和which用法辨析

that和which在定語(yǔ)從句中都可指物,且可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ).一般情況下，that和which

可互換使用，但在以下情況卻不可互換.

(1)用that不用which的情況：

①當(dāng)先行詞既有指人，又有指物的名詞時(shí)

Eg：LittleCindyislookingatthethingsandpeoplethatarearoundher.

Theymadealistofthemoviesandtheactorsthatwonprizes.

②當(dāng)先行詞是some,any,all,none,everything等不定代詞或被不定代詞修飾時(shí)

Eg：Youcanborrowanybookthatyouareinterestedin.

IwanttobuyalIthatIneed.

③當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞或被這類詞修飾時(shí)

Eg：ThisisthebiggestboxthatIcanfind.

④當(dāng)先行詞被thesame,theonly,thevery,thenext,thelast修飾時(shí)

Eg：Thelastpersonthatgetsherewillbepunished.

Shewastheonlystudentthatpassedtheexam.

⑤當(dāng)先行詞前面有who,which等疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)

Eg：Whowasthegirlthatwaitedforthebuswithyou?

Whichofthepensthatareonthedeskisyours?

(2)用which不用that的情況：

①非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中

Eg：Thereissomethingwrongwiththecomputer,whichwasboughtbymyfather

fouryearsago.

②先行詞是that時(shí)

Eg：What,sthatwhichisnexttomydictionary?

③在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)

Eg：Iforgotthedateonwhichwemet.

10.關(guān)系代詞that和who用法辨析

Ihal和who在定語(yǔ)從句中都可指人，且可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ).一般情況下，thal和who可互換

使用，但在以下情況用who,不用that.

(1)先行詞是指人的不定代詞(如：one,ones,anyone,nobody,everyone等)時(shí)

Eg：Hewastheonewhobrokethewindow.

Everyonewhoreceivesaninvitationcancometotheparty.

(2)先行詞是指人的those

Eg：Thosewhoareintroubleneedsomeadvice.

(3)Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中主語(yǔ)是指人的名詞

Eg：Thereweretwowomenwhowantedtoseeyou.

練習(xí):

1.Thecatplayedwithyourdaughterjustnowis

A.which;mineB.which;myC.what;mineI),what;my

2.Everyonehasbeentomyhometownsaysitisabeautifulvillage.

A.whyB.whoseC.whoD.which

3.ThisisthemiddleschoolIstudiedtwelveyearsago.

A.whereB.whenC.thatD.which

4.Themanmakesabigdifferenceinmylifeismyfather.

A.whichB.whoC.whomI).what

5.It'sbadforhealthtohurrytomoveintoahouse.hasnewfurnitureinit.

A.whoB.whoreC.thatD.what

6.Beingdisabledissomethingmanypeop1ecan'taccept.

A.WhoB.whatC.thatD.whom

7.-Doyouknowtheoneishelpingtheoldmancrosstheroad?

-No.Buthowniceheis!

A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that

8.ThehouseChairmanMaousedtoliveisnowamuseum.

A.whichB.thatC.inwhichD.there

9.YesterdayMangowenttothetown?shewasborn.

A.whenB.whichC.whereD.that

10.I*11neverforgetthelesson___lastyear.

A.thatIlearnB.thatIlearnedC.whatIlearnD.whatIlearned

11.Ilovetheuniversity___Ihavestudiedinforfouryears.

A.whereB.whenC.thatI),who

12.-Whatareyoulookingfor?

-Tmlookingforthewatch_Iboughtyesterday.

A.whichB.whoC.whoseD.when

13.-Look!ThatisthegirlImetyesterday.

-Sheismydaughter.

A.whatB.whoC.whereD.when

14.Pleaseenterintothehouse___dooriswhite.

A.whichB.itsC.whoseD.what

15.IstillrememberthecollegeandtheteachersIvisi