2025屆河南省安陽市三十六中高三第二次調研英語試卷含解析_第1頁
2025屆河南省安陽市三十六中高三第二次調研英語試卷含解析_第2頁
2025屆河南省安陽市三十六中高三第二次調研英語試卷含解析_第3頁
2025屆河南省安陽市三十六中高三第二次調研英語試卷含解析_第4頁
2025屆河南省安陽市三十六中高三第二次調研英語試卷含解析_第5頁
已閱讀5頁,還剩9頁未讀, 繼續(xù)免費閱讀

付費下載

下載本文檔

版權說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內容提供方,若內容存在侵權,請進行舉報或認領

文檔簡介

2025屆河南省安陽市三十六中高三第二次調研英語試卷考生請注意:1.答題前請將考場、試室號、座位號、考生號、姓名寫在試卷密封線內,不得在試卷上作任何標記。2.第一部分選擇題每小題選出答案后,需將答案寫在試卷指定的括號內,第二部分非選擇題答案寫在試卷題目指定的位置上。3.考生必須保證答題卡的整潔??荚嚱Y束后,請將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分(共20小題,每小題1.5分,滿分30分)1.Weshouldorganizeusefulactivities,whichwill___________therelationshipofthestudents.A.appoint B.employC.promote D.commit2.FormanydaysIhavebeentryingto________whatitisthatmakesJacksoannoyed.A.carryout B.figureoutC.watchout D.standout3.______isimportantinstudyisdiligenceratherthanintelligence.A.Which B.WhatC.Who D.When4.Withthehelpofhightechnologyinthepastfewyears,electronicbusiness_______tobankindustryandtravelindustry..A.appliedB.haveappliedC.hasbeenappliedD.hadbeenapplied5.—Tony_______whatIdidannoyingthoughhedidn’tsayanything.—Soyouthinkyouwillhavetomakeanapology?A.couldfind B.shouldhavefoundC.mightfind D.musthavefound6.Enterourprize______andwinabreakinaNationalTrustholidaycottageofyourchoiceanywhereinthecountry.A.draw B.search C.match D.collection7.—HowdoyouthinkIcanmakeupwithJack?—Setaside_______youdisagreeandtrytofind_______youhaveincommon.A.what;what B.what;where C.where;what D.where;whether8.—Wherecanweparkcar?—Don’tworry.There’ssuretobeparkinglotnearby.A.the;the B.the;aC.不填;a D.不填;the9.______muchpressuretheU.S.governmentputontheChinesegovernment,Chinawouldsticktoitsownpolicyofexchangerate.A.However B.Wherever C.Whatever D.Whoever10.________workandcreativeactivitieshavebeenimportantdriversofhumanprogressisdeeplyrootedinoursocialvalues.A.HowB.WhetherC.ThatD.Why11.ThemainissueattheAPECmeetingwasaclimate-changeplan_____byAustralia’sHowardandbackedbyBush.A.putout B.putoffC.putaway D.putforward12.Oneofthetruetestsofleadershipistheabilitytorecognizeaproblem________itbecomesanemergency.A.when B.beforeC.after D.unless13.It’struethattheoldroadislessdirectandabitlonger.Wewon’ttakethenewone,________,becausewedon’tfeelassafeonit.A.somehow B.though C.therefore D.otherwise14.Sincewecandonothingaboutit,we_________aswellconsultMr.Smithaboutthematter.A.can B.mustC.need D.may15.Butforthemetalcagetopulltheminerstosafety,theminersinChile____inlessthantwenty-fourhours.A.wouldnotberescued B.wouldnothavebeenrescuedC.wouldberescued D.wouldhavebeenrescued16.InthevirtuallaboratoryenvironmentcreatedintheVRapp,studentscan________aparticularexperimentbeforedoingtheminareallab.A.revealB.reserveC.previewD.provide17.Wherehaveyoubeen?—I_______intheheavytraffic.OtherwiseI_______hereearlier.A.havegotstuck;wouldhavecome B.gotstuck;wasC.gotstuck;wouldhavecome D.hadstuck;wouldcome18.—________?Youlookreallydown.—I’mtiredofmyjob.Thereareendlessproblemstodealwith.A.Whybother B.SowhatC.What’sup D.Whynot19.——Congratulationsonyourpromotion.Gooutfordinner,OK?——Good!__________,justyouandme.A.FollowmeB.MytreatC.MypleasureD.Allowme20.What’swrongwithyourcellphone?Ican’tgetthrough.Oh,mylinewascutoffbecauseI________mybill.A.haven’tpaid B.hadn’tpaid C.wasn’tpaying D.don’tpay第二部分閱讀理解(滿分40分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項。21.(6分)IwasdisheartenedrecentlywhenIturnedonthenewstohearastoryaboutafamilywhoispetitioning(請愿)theHamptonSchoolBoardtoreceiveout-of-districtcompensationtoplacetheirdaughterinanout-of-districtschoolduetoracialbullying.IwasdisheartenedbecauseIknowthatevenifthisfamilywinstheirpetition,therootoftheproblemwillstillcontinue.Whiletherearemanycontributingfactorstotherapidincreaseofthebullying,Ibelievethattherootofthisproblemlieswithintherestrictionsofschools,orrathertheteachersandadministratorswhoallowbullyingtohappenwhilefeedingtheline"Wehaveano-tolerancepolicy"tostudentsandparents.Thisfamilycanmovetheirdaughtertoanewschoolwhereshewillfeelsafetolearnandgrow,buttheywillleavebehindtheproblemoftheeducatorsatthisschoolwholettheracialbullyinghappen.MysonwenttoaprivateschoolinConcord.Hewasbulliedontheplayyard.Theadministrationgaveusthe"Notolerance"line,butdidnothingtostopthebullyingorchangetheclimateoftheschool.Wepulledoursonoutofthisschoolandplacedhiminanotherschool.Thisschooltrulyunderstandshowtoguidestudents'acceptanceofdifferencesandembraceteachablemomentssothatbullyingisanon-issue.Itrulyhopethatthisfamilygetstheout-of-districtplacementfortheirdaughter.However,Iamdoubtfulthattheschooldistrictwilladdresstherootoftheproblem.1、Theauthorfeltdisheartenedprobablybecause_____.A.thefamily'spetitionwasturneddownB.thedaughterofthefamilywasbulliedC.therootoftheproblemwon'tbeaddressedD.thefamilywillreceivethecompensationiftheywin2、Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthemainreasonforthebullyingincrease?A.Thisproblemliesbeyondschools.B.Theclimateofschoolsischangeable.C.Schoolsalmostdonothingtostopthebullying.D.Studentsdon'tknowhowtoacceptdifferences.3、Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression"feedingtheline"inParagraph2mean?A.Sendingamessage. B.Providingfood.C.Makingcriticism. D.Satisfyingadesire.4、Whathappenedtotheauthor'sson?A.Heaskedhisparentstoplacehiminanotherschool.B.Hewastreatedinaveryunpleasantwayinaschool.C.HewenttoaprivateschoolinConcordandstudiedwiththegirl.D.Heattendedaschoolwhichknewnothingaboutthe"Notolerance"line.22.(8分)MarkRothko,oneofthegreatestpaintersofthetwentiethcentury,wasborninDaugavpils,Latviain1903.HisfatherimmigratedtotheUnitedStates,fearingthathissonwouldbedrafted(招募)intotheCzaristarmy.MarkstayedinRussiawithhismotherandeldersister;theyjoinedthefamilylater,arrivinginthewinterof1913,aftera12-dayvoyage.MarkmovedtoNewYorkintheautumnof1923andfoundemploymentinthegarmenttradeandtookupresidenceontheUpperWestSide.ItwaswhilehewasvisitingsomeoneattheArtStudentsLeaguethathesawstudentssketchinganudemodel.Accordingtohim,thiswasthestartofhislifeasanartist.Hewastwentyyearsoldandhadtakensomeartlessonsatschool,sohisinitialexperiencewasfarfromanimmediatecalling.In1936,MarkRothkobeganwritingabook,whichhenevercompletedaboutthesimilaritiesinthechildren’sartandtheworkofmodernpainters.Theworkofmodernists,whichwasinfluencedbyprimitive(原始的)art,accordingtohim,couldbecomparedtothatofchildreninthat“Childarttransformsitselfintoprimitivism(原始主義),whichisonlythechildproducingamimicry(模仿)ofhimself.”However,inthissamework,hesaidthat“Thefactthatoneusuallybeginswithdrawingisalreadyacademic.Westartwiththecolors.”Itwasnotlongbeforehismultiformdevelopedintothestyleheisrememberedfor;in1949RothkoexhibitedthesenewworksattheBettyParsonsGallery.ForcriticHaroldRosenberg,thepaintingswerearevelation.Afterpaintinghisfirstmultiform,RothkowithdrewhimselftohishomeinEastHamptononLongIsland.Thediscoveryofhisdefinitiveformcameataperiodofgreatgrief;hismotherKatediedinOctober1948anditwasatsomepointduringthatwinterthatRothkochanceduponthestrikingsymmetrical(對稱的)rectangularblocksoftwotothreeopposingorcontrasting,yetcomplementarycolors(對稱).Aspartofthisnewuniformityofartisticvision,hispaintingsanddrawingsnolongerhadindividualtitles:fromthispointontheyweresimplyuntitled,numberedordated.However,toassistindistinguishingoneworkfromanother,dealerswouldsometimesaddtheprimarycolorstothename.1、MarkRothko’sfamilyhaveexperiencedallofthefollowingexcept.A.aseparationfromhisfather B.thecallupofthearmyC.atemporarystayinRussia D.a12-dayvoyagetotheUnitedStates2、WhatmadeMarkRothkowanttobeanartist?A.HismovetotheUpperWestSide.B.HisvisittotheArtStudentsLeague.C.Hissightofthestudents’drawing.D.Hislessonstookinartschool.3、MarkRothkothoughtmodernartsharesomesimilaritieswithchildartbecause.A.theyarebothconsideredchildishandacademicB.theyarebothwaysofexpressingprimitivismC.theyarebothacopyofthepaintersthemselvesD.theyatebothstrikingblocksandcolors4、WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutMarkRothko’sstyle?A.ItwasinspiredbyRosenberg.B.ItresultedfrommovingtoLongIsland.C.Itresultedfromhisgrief.D.Itevolved(developgradually)in1948.23.(8分)DINERSTONYSOPRANO’SLASTMEALBetween1912andthe1990s,NewJerseyStatewashometomorethan20dinermanufacturerswhomadeprobably95percentofthedinersintheU.S,saysKatieZavoski,whoishelpingholdadinerexhibit.Whatmakesadineradiner?(Andnot,say,acoffeeshop?)Traditionally,adinerisbuiltinafactoryandthendeliveredtoitsowntownorcityratherthanconstructedon-site.ZavoskicreditsNewJersey’slocationasthekeytoitsmasteryoftheform.“Itwasjusttheperfectplacetomanufacturethediners,”shesays.“Wewouldshipthemwhereverweneededtobysea.”VISIT“IconsofAmericanCulture:HistoryofNewJerseyDiners,”runningthroughJune2017atTheCorneliusHouse/MiddlesexCountyMuseuminPiscataway,NewJerseyGOODFOOD,GOODTUNESSuzanneVega's1987song“Tom'sDiner”isprobablybestknownforitsfrequentlysampled“doodoodoodoo”melodyratherthanitsdiner-relatedlyrics.Technically,it’snotevenreallyaboutadiner—thesettingisNewYorkCity’sTom'sRestaurant,whichVegafrequentedwhenshewasstudyingatBamard.Vegausedtheword“diner”insteadbecauseit“singsbetterthatway,”shetoldTheNewYorkTimes.November18hassincebeencalledTom’sDinerDay,becauseonthatdayin1981,theNewYorkPost'sfrontpagewasastoryaboutthedeathofactorWilliamHolden.InhersongVegasings:“IOpen/Upthepaper/There’sastory/Ofanactor/Whohaddied/Whilehewasdrinking.”LISTEN“Tom’sDiner”bySuzanneVegaMEETTHEDINERANTHROPOLOGISTRichardJ.S.Gutmanhasbeencalledthe“JaneGoodallofdiners”(heevenconsultedonBarryLevinson’s1982film,Diner).Hisbook,AmericanDiner:ThenNow,tracestheevolutionofthe“nightlunchwagon,”setupbyWalterScottin1872,totheearly1920s,whenthedinergotitsname(adaptedfrom“diningcar”),andonthroughthe1980s.Gutmanhashisowndinerfacilities(floorplans,classicwhitemugs,acashierbooth);250oftheseitemsarepartofanexhibitinRhodeIsland.READAmericanDiner:Then&Now(JohnHopkinsUniversityPress)VISIT“Diners:StillCookinginthe21stCentury,”currentlyrunningattheCulinaryArtsMuseumatJohnson&WalesUniversityinProvidence,RhodeIsland1、Inwhatwayisadinerdifferentfromacoffeeshop?A.Itslocation.B.Itsmanagement.C.Fromwhatitisbuilt.D.Whereitisconstructed.2、WhatdoweknowaboutVega’s1987song“Tom'sDiner”?A.Itwarnspeoplenottodrink.B.ItwasinspiredbyTom’sDinerDay.C.Itsmelodyispreferredtoitslyrics.D.ItsoriginaltitlewasTom’sRestaurant.24.(8分)VisitorCodeofConductPleasehelpusmaintainahealingenvironmentforourpatient.Visitinghoursandpoliciesvarythroughoutthehospital.Pleaseaskastaffmemberaboutthepolicyontheunityouwishtovisit.Weaskthatyoucomplywiththefollowingvisitorrules:?Donotvisitifyouaresick(fever,cough,sorethroat,nausea,orvomiting)orhavebeenexposedtochickenpox(水痘)orothercontagious(傳染的)illnesswithinthepastthreeweeks.?Cleanyourhandseachtimeyouenterandleavethepatient’sroom.?Followisolationprecautions(隔離預防措施)thatarepostedonthepatient’sdoor.?Youmustwearshoesandshirtsatalltimes.Clothingmustbecleanandneat.?Visitorsarelimitedtotwoperpatienteachtime.?Donotusewaitingroomsonaunitifyouarenotvisitingapatientinthatunit.?Waitingroomsarenotforovernightstays.?Childrenmusthaveadultsupervision(監(jiān)護)atalltimesandmustberespectfulofthehospital’shealingenvironment.Someunitsdonotallowchildren’svisiting.Youwillbeaskedtoleaveforviolating(違反)anyoftheaboverulesorforthefollowings:?Yourbehaviorcreatesarisktopatients,familiesorstaff.?Youappeartobeill.?Yourefusetofollowisolationprecautions.?Youarenotrespectfulorconsiderateofothers.?Youfailtosupervisechildren.Ifyoubelievesomeoneisviolatingtheserules,oryouneedassistance,pleasenotifysecuritybydialing7363onthehospitalphonesor813-844-7363onyourmobilephone.Securityisavailableatalltimes.Waitingareasaremonitoredatalltimesbyasecurityvideocamera.1、Theunderlinedphrase“complywith”inParagraph1probablymeans________.A.obeyB.studyC.discoverD.pass2、Accordingtothepassage,youshould________beforeyouvisitaunitinthehospital.A.makeanappointmentB.askpermissionfromthedoctorC.checkthevisitingpolicyD.ringupthepatientfirst3、Ifachildwantstovisitthepatient,he/sheshould________.A.stayatthewaitingroomofanyunitB.besupervisedatalltimesC.refusetofollowisolationprecautionsD.createanewenvironmentforpatients4、Accordingtothecode,visitorsareallowedto________.A.touchpatientequipmentB.visitpatientsingroupoftwoC.stayovernightinthewaitingroomD.changeintoslippersinthepatientroom5、Whatcanbeconcludedfromthetext?A.Childrencangotovisitpatientsbythemselves.B.Ifyouseemtobeill,youcanstillvisitthepatientsunlessitiscontagious.C.Visitorswhoviolatetheruleswillnotbeallowedtovisitagain.D.Youcanaskforsecurity’shelpatanytime.25.(10分)WhizzfizzingFestivalAsoneoftheHomeCountiestothenorthandwestofLondon,BuchinghamshireisknownfortherollingChilternHills,itsprettyvillages,andthemuch-lovedchildren’sauthorRoaldDahl.ThewriterwhopennedCharlieandtheChocolateFactory,TheWitches,MatildaandTheBigFriendlyGiantistheinspirationfortheWhizzfizzingFestival,whichwilltransformthemarket-townofAylesburyintoallkindsofmusic,colorandfunonSaturday,1July.FormerlyknownasTheRoaldDahlFestival,thisyear’seventwillinvolveabroadrangeofchildren’sfilmsandbringtolifesomeoftheirbest-lovedcharacters—fromAliceinWonderlandandGruffalotoTheBigFriendlyGiantandHarryPotter.ThingstoSeeandDoThefestivalsstartat11a.m.withacolorfulchildren’sparade.Morethan650localschoolchildrenandteachers,manyinfancydress,willmarchthroughthetowncarryinggiantcarnivalpuppets(木偶),withthousandsofaudiencesliningthestreettowatch.Theparadewillbefollowedbyarangeofchild-friendlyactivitiesandworkshopsheldinvenuesacrossthetown.Don’tbelatefortheMadHattersTeaPartyintheBucksCountyMuseum,catchasplendidscreeningofaRoaldDahlfilmintheOldCourtHouse,watchleadingchildren’sauthors,includingJulianClary,andreadintheMarketSquare.CBeebies’children’schefKatyAshworthwillonceagaincookupastormwithherinteractiveConcoctionKitchen,locatedoutsideHaleLeysShoppingCentre.Littlechefswillhavelotsofopportunitiestogetinvolvedinpreparing,cooking—andbestofall,tasting—Katy’swonderfuldishes.Withhands-onartsandcraftsworkshops,storytellingsessions,livemusic,afancydresscompetition,streettheatreandmore,thereissomethingforeveryone.Formoreinformation,visit:.uk/aylesbury-whizzfizzing-festival-inspired-roald-dahl.1、WhoisWhizzfizzingFestivalintendedfor?A.Children.B.Filmstars.C.Publishers.D.Children’sauthors.2、WhichfilmwasmadefromRoaldDahl’swork?A.TheGruffalo.B.HarryPorter.C.AliceinWonderland.D.TheBigFriendlyGiant.3、Wherecanafoodie(吃貨)prefertogo?A.MarketSquare.B.OldCourtHouse.C.BucksCountyMuseum.D.HaleLeysShoppingCenter.4、WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhizzfizzingFestival?A.Varied.B.Global.C.Boring.D.Ordinary.第三部分語言知識運用(共兩節(jié))第一節(jié)(每小題1.5分,滿分30分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項.26.(30分)Communicationisanimportantpartofanyrelationship.Manyofusare1toshareourexperiencesoremotionswithourfriends.Butwhenit'sourturntolenda(n)2,wesoonbecomeboredorareshortofideaonhowto3andofferadvice.That'sbecauseofwhatresearcherscall"listenerburnout(倦?。保瓵friendmighttalktous4oftencomplainingaboutthesame5problems.Whenweofferquickadviceto6thesituation,wemaybeunconsciouslytryingto7urselvesfrombumout.However,goodlisteners8theirnaturaltendencytosolvetheother'sproblemshurriedlyandtokeeptheconversationbrief.Tobeagood9,youneedtouse"activelistening".Itstartswiththereal10tohelpothersandthinkthroughtheirfeelings.Don't11things.Youcanstartbyputtingyourphone12andsittingclosetoyourfriend.Letyourfacialexpressions13一whatheorsheissaying14youareabletofullyunderstand,acknowledgetheotherperson's15byreflectingthemback:"Thatmustbereallyhardforyou.”Use16wordsorevensoundssuchas“yes”,"right”,and"hmm"”to17theotherpersontocontinue.0fcourse,a18canbeextremelyhardiftheotherpersonistoocritical.Butdon'tgetdefensive.Effectivelistenersdon't19negativecriticism.Instead,theylistenandunderstandwhatthepersonlstryingtoconvey20responding.1、A.afraid B.hesitant C.shy D.eager2、A.shoulder B.hand C.ear D.eye3、A.respond B.explain C.argue D.quit4、A.aimlessly B.endlessly C.deliberately D.cautiously5、A.difficult B.old C.acute D.sensitive6、A.fix B.discuss C.create D.describe7、A.forgive B.protect C.discourage D.prevent8、A.follow B.display C.form D.overcome9、A.reader B.partner C.listener D.speaker10、A.demand B.habit C.desire D.ability11、A.skip B.rush C.overlook D.postpone12、A.away B.off C.out D.up13、A.record B.restrict C.reflect D.replace14、A.Whether B.Since C.While D.If15、A.suggestions B.purposes C.responses D.feelings16、A.big B.tough C.strong D.shone17、A.force B.remind C.encourage D.convince18、A.conversation B.suggestion C.problem D.lecture19、A.giveup B.makeup C.leaveout D.blockout20、A.after B.before C.while D.once第二節(jié)(每小題1.5分,滿分15分)閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。27.(15分)ItwastheambitionofanelevenyearsoldboyinKansasCitytobeanenginedriver.Bornwithoutarms,hehadbeensenttospecialschools1.helearnedtousehis2.(foot)as“hands”.Hespendallhisssparetime3.(watch)trainsandonedayhisdreamcame4.(truth).Seeingadesertedengine,theboyclimbedin,hehadno5.(difficult)instartingitupwithhisfeet.Soonhewastravelingalong6.fortymilesanhour.Signalmencouldnotseetheyoungdriver,sotheysetout7.(stop)thetrain.MeanwhiletheboyreachedMissouri,stoppedtheenginehimself,andthen8.(make)itgobackwards.Whenhewasnearhome,arailwaymancaughtupwiththeengineandstoppedit.Atfirst,hewasveryangry,buthesmiledwhentheboysaid9.(simple),“Iliketrains.”“Well,I’mgladyoudon’tlikeplanes!”answered10.railwayman.第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié))第一節(jié)短文改錯(滿分10分)28.(10分)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤,每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加:在缺詞處加一個瀨字符號(∧),并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除:把多余的詞下劃斜線(\)劃掉。修改:在錯的詞下劃一橫線,并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意:1、每處錯誤及其修改均僅限-詞;2、只允許修改10處,多科(從第11處起)不汁分。AlibabafounderJackMa,hiscompanyhasbeenvaluedatmorethan$221billionofwhichMaowned6%,isputinthetoppositionamongChina'swealthiest、Buthestaysoutsidethelist^theworld's10richpeople、Foughtagainstahardlife,youngMastillmanagedtolearnEnglishwellenoughtogainadegreeandbecameateacher、AfterwardshestartedatranslationagencyinwhichtookhimtotheUS,whereheintroducedtotheInternet、HisfatewasboundtochangebeforehewasaccidentallyappointedtotakeanAmericanvisitorJerryYang,aco-founderofYahoo,inatouroftheGreatWall、Themeetingobviousprovedtobea

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網頁內容里面會有圖紙預覽,若沒有圖紙預覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經權益所有人同意不得將文件中的內容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內容負責。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權或不適當內容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

評論

0/150

提交評論