2023屆北京市西城高三二模英語試題

英語

第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題L5分，共15分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在

答題卡上將該項涂黑。

OneofthebestfeelingsisknowingthatIhavemadea（n）Iimpactonanotherperson'slife.

Duringmyfreshmanyear,IgotmyfirstrealjobatDunkin'Donuts.Iquicklybecameawarethatcustomers'

2wasimportant,soItriedtoprovidethebestservicethatIcould.Istillrememberonecustomervividly,an

elderlygentlemannamedFrank.HecaineineverySundayafternoonandorderedamediumcoffeewithtwoold-

fashioneddonuts.ImmediatelyafterIsawhimpullinto（heparkinglot,I3hisorder,havingitreadybythe

timehewalkedin.IfIhadnootherworktodo,Isatandtalkedwithhim.Welearnedalotabouteachother.Icould

nothelpfeelingsorryforhimbecausehiswifehadrecentlypassedaway.

Afterayearofworkingeveryv/eekend,Ieventuallydecidedtoleaveandturnedinmytwo-weeknotice.The

mostdifficultpailof4wasnottellingmyboss,butinformingFrank.IfeltlikeIwas5him.WhenI

finallybroughtitup,he6replied,t4Oh,that'stoobad.I'msurethatthestaffwillmissyou."Ibegantothink

thatourvisitsheldnorealimportancetohim,andthathewouldbejustas7enjoyinghisfoodalone.

8.onmylastday,Frankcameinwithacardthatsimplyread,“Yourkindnessduringthetimewehavespent

togetherisheartwarming.Youhadno9tospeakawordtome,letaloneshowarealinterestinour

conversations.Fewthingshavebroughtmemorepleasurethanourweeklyvisits.Thankyou.^^

Aamountof10Ireceivedforsuchminoreffortsismind-blowing.Givingupmyweekendsfora

yearwasasmallpricetopaytograsptheremarkableeffectsofkindness.

1.A.obviousB.simpleC.immediateD.positive

2.A.conditionB.appearanceC.satisfactionD.behavior

3.A.tookB.preparedC.followedD.accepted

4.A.quittingB.agreeingC.rememberingD.serving

5.A.embarrassingB.ignoringC.cheatingD.abandoning

6.A.firmlyB.calmlyC.angrilyD.sadly

7.A.confidentB.cxciicdC.contentD.interested

8.A.MeanwhileB.ThereforeC.MoreoverD.However

9.A.dutyB.rightC.excuseD.intention

1().A.admirationB.expectationC.appreciationD.instruction

【答案】1.D2.C3.B4.A5.D6.B7.C8.D9.A10.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者提出了辭職，原本以為未受到重視，后來收到一張卡片，讓作

者深受感動。

【1題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：最好的感覺之一是知道我對另一個人的生活產(chǎn)生了積極的影響。A.obvious

明顯的；B.simple簡單的；C.immediate立即的；D.positive積極的。根據(jù)上文“thebestfeelings（最好的感

覺）”可推理出空白處應(yīng)填表示“積極的”含義的形容詞，故選D項。

【2題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我很快意識到客戶的滿意度很重要，所以我盡力提供最好的服務(wù)。A.condition

狀態(tài)；B.appearance外貌；C.satisfaction滿意;D.behavior行為。根據(jù)下文“Iiriedtoprovideihebest

servicethatIcould（我盡力提供最好的服務(wù)）”可知，作者是為了客戶的滿意度而盡力提供最好的服務(wù)，故選

C項。

【3題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在我看到他把車開進(jìn)停車場后，我立即準(zhǔn)備好了他的訂單，在他走進(jìn)停車場時

就做好了。A.took帶走;B.prepared準(zhǔn)備;C.followed跟著：D.accepted接受。根據(jù)下文“havingit

readybythelimehewalkedin（在他走進(jìn)停車場時就做好了）“可知，我準(zhǔn)備好了他的訂單，故選B項。

【4題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：辭職最困難的部分不是告訴老板，而是通知弗蘭克。A.quilting辭職；B.

agreeing同意;C.remembering記得;D.serving服務(wù)。根據(jù)上文“Ieventuallydecidedtoleave（我最終決定

離開）”可知作者要辭職，故選A項。

【5題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:我覺得我要離他而去。A.embarrassing使尷尬;B.ignoring忽視;C.cheating欺

騙；D.abandoning拋棄。根據(jù)上文aThemostdifficultpartofquiltingwasnottellingmyboss,butinforming

Frank（辭職最困難的部分不是告訴老板，而是通知弗蘭克）”可知，作者要辭職了，他感到自己要離開弗蘭

克而去，感到難以開口，故選D項。

【6題詳解】

考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我終于提起這件事時，他平靜地I可答：“哦，太糟糕了。我相信工作人員會

想念你的。"A.firmly堅定地；B.calmly鎮(zhèn)靜地;C.angrily生氣地；D.sadly悲傷地。根據(jù)下文“Ibegan

tothinkthatourvisitsheldnorealimportancelohim（我開始認(rèn)為我們的訪問對他來說并不重要）”可知，他對

我的辭職并沒有表現(xiàn)出異常的情緒，而是很鎮(zhèn)靜地說了一些客套話，故選B項。

【7題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我開始認(rèn)為，我們的訪問對他來說并不重要，他也會滿足于獨自享受食物。

A.confideni自信的；B.exciied興奮的；C.content滿足的；D.inlerested有趣的。根據(jù)上文“Ibeganlo[hink

thatourvisitsheldnorealiinporlancelohim（我開始認(rèn)為我們的訪問對他來說并不重要）”可知我的辭職并未

對他滿意地享受食物產(chǎn)生影響，故選C項。

【8題詳解】

考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，在我的最后一天，弗蘭克帶著一張卡片進(jìn)來了，上面簡短地寫著：“我

們在一起的這段時間里，你的善意令人暖心。A.Meanwhile在此期間；B.Therefore因此；C.Moreover此

外；D.However然而。根據(jù)上文"1begantothinkthatourvisitsheldnorealimportancetohim（我開始認(rèn)為我

們的會談對他來說并不重要）”以及下文“onmylastday,Frankcameinwithacardthatsimplyread,44Your

kindnessduringthelimewehavespenttogemerisheartwarming.（在我的最后,天，弗蘭克帶著張卡片進(jìn)來

了，上面簡短地寫著：“我們在一起的這段時間里，你的善意令人暖心）”可知上下文之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，使

用表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的副詞，故選D項。

【9題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：你沒有義務(wù)和我說一句話，更不用說對我們的談話表現(xiàn)出真正的興趣了。A.

duty義務(wù)；B.right權(quán)利；C.excuse借口；D.intentionFl的。根據(jù)下文“l(fā)etaloneshowarealinterestinour

conversaiions（更不用說對我們的談話表現(xiàn)出真正的興趣了）”可知，此處上下文在禮貌地進(jìn)行表達(dá)，分析四

個選項，A項“duty（義務(wù)）”表達(dá)的含義符合語境，放在句中表達(dá)的含義為“你沒有義務(wù)和我說一句話”，

故選A項。

【10題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析，句意：我為這些小小的努力所得到的贊賞令人震驚。A.admiration贊美；B.expectation

期待；C.appreciation贊賞；D.instruction指令。根據(jù)上文“Fewthingshavebroughtmemorepleasurethanour

weeklyvisits.Thankyou.（沒有什么比我們每周一次的會談更讓我高興的了。非常感謝）”可知作者得到的是

贊賞，故選C項。

第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題L5分，共15分）

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

Manycommonthingsaroundthehouseareveryuseful.Forexample,warmwatercanbeusedforcleaning.

Wliensaltisput11warmwater,itcanhelpeaseasorethroat.Warmwatercanalsobeusedtomakean

orangetastebetter.Thesecretisthewarmthofthewater.Thefruitbecomessweeter.12thewarmwater

lowersitslevelofsourness.Anotherexampleis13youcantryabananapeelwhenyourshoeslookdirty.

Thetanninin(hepeelworkslikemagic,makingyourshoesshinyandbright!

【答案】II.into##in

12.because

13.that

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。簡要列舉了家庭中的很多常見物品的用途。

[11題詳解】

考查介詞。句意：把鹽放在溫水中，可以幫助緩解喉嚨痛。分析句子可知，此處應(yīng)為固定短語putin/int。

意為“放入”符合句意。故填in/into。

【12題詳解】

考查狀語從句。句意：水果變得更甜，因為溫水降低了它的酸味。分析句子可知，此處應(yīng)為連詞引導(dǎo)的狀

語從句，根據(jù)句意可知，主句與從句之間為因果關(guān)系，此處應(yīng)為because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句.故填

because

【13題詳解】

考查表語從句。句意：另一個例子是，當(dāng)你的鞋子看起來臟的時候，你可以試試香蕉皮。分析句子客戶

自，此處應(yīng)為連詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句，從句中不缺少主語和賓語，且句意完整，所以使用連接詞that。故填

(halo

B

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

Notallinventionshavebeentheresultofa14(care)plan.Inthe1940s,anAmericanscientist,Percy

Spencer,wastryingtomakeamachine,withthehopethatit15(use)radiowavestodetectwarplanes.

Oneday,aftertheexperiment,Spencerfoundthatachocolatebarinhispockethadmelted.Spencerthenplaced

somecominfrontofthemachine.Soon,thecomwaspoppingeverywhere.Thus,themicrowaveoven(微波爐)

16(invent)bychance.

【答案】14.careful

15.woulduse

16.wasinvented

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了微波爐的發(fā)明史。

【14題詳解】

考查形容詞。句意：并非所有的發(fā)明都是精心策劃的結(jié)果。提示詞作定語，修飾名詞plan,用形容詞

careful,意為“謹(jǐn)慎的,周密的"。故填careful。

【15題詳解】

考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：20世紀(jì)40年代，美國科學(xué)家珀西?斯賓塞試圖制造一臺機器，希望它能利用無線

電波探測戰(zhàn)機。提示詞是賓語從句中謂語動詞，與主語it之間是主動關(guān)系；主句是?般過去時態(tài)，結(jié)合句

意，表示希望將要發(fā)生的事情，用過去將來時woulddo。故填woulduse。

【16題詳解】

考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：因此，微波爐的發(fā)明純屬偶然。分析句子可知，invent(發(fā)明)是句中

謂語動詞，與主語themicrowaveoven之間是被動關(guān)系，講述過去的事情，應(yīng)使用一般過去時態(tài)，又因主

語是單數(shù)名詞，所以謂語動詞也應(yīng)使用單數(shù)形式。綜上，渭語應(yīng)用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，單數(shù)形式。故

填wasinventedo

C

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

Agroupoflargewhitebirdswithblackfacesappearinthesky.Thereareonlyaboutsixhundredofthem

17(leave)intheworld.Thesebeautifulblack-facedspoonbillsaresomeoftheworld'srarestbirds.The

birds18(fly)allthewayfromtheirsummerhometothiswetland,19theywillspendthe

winter.Now,theycircleandland.Manypeoplearccrowdingbythelakeandthenbegintoshootthem.Isthisthe

endforthespoonbills?No.Thepeoplearebird-watchers,2()(shoot)photographs.

【答案】17.left

18.haveflown

19.where20.shooting

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是?篇記敘文。文章描述了?群黑臉琵鷺落腳過冬濕地的場景。

【17題詳解】

考查非謂語動詞。句意：世界上只剩下大約600只。分析句子可知，”(leave)intheworld”作后置定語，

修飾詞組sixhundredofthem,提示詞leave(留下)是非謂語動詞，與其邏輯主語sixhundredofthem之間是

被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去表被動。故填left。

【18題詳解】

考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：這些鳥從它們夏天的家一路飛到這片濕地，它們將在這里過冬。分

析句子可知，fly（飛）是句中謂語動詞，與主語Thebirds之間是主動關(guān)系，結(jié)合句意，表示從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)

在的動作，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，又因主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，所以謂語動詞也應(yīng)使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。綜上，謂語應(yīng)

用現(xiàn)在完成時的主動語態(tài)，復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填haveflown。

【19題詳解】

考查定語從句。句意：這些鳥從它們夏天的家一路飛到這片濕地，它們將在這里過冬。分析句子可知，空

格處為非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞welland,關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在定語從句中作地點狀語，表示“在

這片濕地”，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)該從句。故填where。

【20題詳解】

考查非謂語動詞。句意：人們是觀鳥者，在拍照。分析句子可知，shoot（拍攝）是非謂語動詞，作伴隨狀

語，與其邏輯主語Thepeople之間是主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞表主動。故填shooting。

第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）

第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該

項涂黑。

A

TEANiscommittedtogivingstudentsaonce-in-a-lifetimeopportunitytoexperiencestudyingabroadina

newandexcitingcultureWerecognizethatinmanyinstancesadditionalfundingisnecessarytomakethestudy

abroadexperiencebothaffordableandrealistic.Thesescholarshipswerecreatedasanattempttohelpstudentswith

thefinancialcommitmentsrequiredforaninternationaleducationexperience.

TEANprovidesnumerousscholarships,includinganannualfullridescholarship,need-andmerit-based

scholarships,diversityscholarships,evenaphotographyscholarship,plusothers.

TEANFULLRIDESCHOLARSHIP

TheEducationAbroadNetworkFullRideScholarshipisdesignedtogiveastand-outstudenttheopportunity

tostudyabroad.ThescholarshipcanbeusedforanySummerorFallTEANprogramandcoverstuition,program

fees,orientationandhousing.

REQUIREMENTS

StudentsmusthavetheirstudyabroadofficecompletetheStatementfromUniversityforminordertobe

consideredforthescholarship.

MustmeetGPA（GradePointAverage）requirementfbrtheindividua'programthattheywant（oattend.

MustbeauniversitystudentintheUnitedStates.

Studentscanonlyapplyforthescholarshiponceperapplicationcycle;applicantsshouldselecttheirtopprogram

choicewhenapplyingforthescholarship.

Scholarshipapplicationsreceivedafter(hedeadlinewillnotbeconsidered.

SELECTIONCRITERIA

Willbebasedontheoverallapplicationmaterials,includingapersonalessayaddressingthefollowingquestion:

“Whyhaveyouselectedthisprogram?Howisittiedtoyourmajor?''

ApplicationswillbejudgedbyapanelofTEANstaffmembers.

Assessmentwillbebasedonthefollowing:excellenceinacademics,activeparticipationinextra-curricular

activities,achievementinleadershipskills,awarenessofthevalueofinternationaleducationand(hepersonal

essay.

Nointeniewrequired.

APPLICATIONDEADLINE

June1,2023

21.TEANcanhelpstudents.

A.travelabroadB.savemoneyforthefuture

C.experienceoverseaseducationD.understandpopularforeignculture

22.TogettheTEANFullRideScholarship,astudentmust.

A.beanAmericancitizen

B.submitanapplicationbyJune1,2023

C.fillouttheStatementfromUniversityform

D.(urninanapplicationtwiceduringanapplicationcycle

23.Anapplicantgoingforthefullridescholarshipismorelikelytobeaccepted,if.

A.heperformswellacademically

B.hedoesexcellentlyin(heinterview

C.hechoosesaprogramunrelatedtohismajor

D.heobtainsanoutstandingrecommendationessay

【答案】21.C22.B23.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了TEAN獎學(xué)金的詳細(xì)信息。

[21題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“TEANiscommitted(ogivingstudentsaonce-in-a-lifetimeopportunityto

experiencestudyingabroadinanewandexcitingculture.(TEAN致力于為學(xué)生提供一個千載難逢的機會，計:他

們在一個全新的、令人興奮的文億中體驗出國留學(xué)）”可知，TEAN可以幫助學(xué)生體驗海外教育。故選C

項。

【22題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)APPLICATIONDEADLINE部分中June1,2023可知，申請截止日期為2023年6月1

日，所以要獲得TEAN全額獎學(xué)金，學(xué)生必須在2023年6月1日前提交申請。故選B項。

【23題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章SELECTIONCRITERIA部分中“Assessmentwillbebasedonthefollowing:

excellenceinacademics,activeparticipationinextra-curricularactivities,achievementinleadershipskills,

awarenessofthevalueofinternationaleducationandthepersonalessay.（評估將基于以下方面：學(xué)術(shù)成績優(yōu)秀、

積極參與課外活動、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力的成就、對國際教育價值的認(rèn)識以及個人論文）”可知，申請全額獎學(xué)金的申

請人在學(xué)業(yè)上表現(xiàn)很好，更有可能被錄取。故選A項。

B

Iwrestledhertothegroundforthekeys,literally.Indeed,whensheopenedthedoortoleavethehouseat11pm

forthemoviesdespitemywords,Iactuallywrestledmy16-year-olddaughtertotheground.

1didnotknowhowtodealwitharebellious（叛逆的）teenager.Wcarcafamilyofstrongwills,fromthetop

down.Allmykidshadpushedandargued.Everyone“kindof'followedtherules.Astheygotolder,especiallywhen

theyhithighschool,Isawthepowershifting,butithadn'tbeensoobvious.Ihadnotseenmuchin-your-facerebellion.

Untilthishappened.

IcalledAmySpcidcl,awiseandpracticalparentingexpert.Shestayedonthephonewithmeandlistenedto

mywildcomplaintaboutmydisrespectfulkid.Shelistenedforalmosttwohoursand（hengavemesomesuggestions.

Amytoldmethatinydaughter'sbehaviorwas^developmentallyappropriate^-shewassupposedtotestthe

boundaries.Amyalsosaidthatitwasgreatthatmydaughlerwouldbeabletostandupforherselfinarelationship

thatwasn'tworking.

Thosecommentsreallymademefeelawful.Ihadn'tconsideredanythingpositiveaboutherbehavior—but

outsideofourmother-daughterrelationship,Iwouldneverwanttodevaluemydaughter'sstrongwill.

AftertalkingwithAmy,IrealizedthatIwastheonewhoneededhelpunderstandingdisciplinevscontrol.

Honestly,Ididhatethattheresponsibilitywasonme.Iwantedpermissiontoscreamandpunish.ButIlistenedto

Amyandhere'swhatIlearned.

1.Mydaughter'sbehaviorwasnormal.ThateasedmyfearsthatIhadraisedaterriblehumanandfailedasa

mother.

2.Mydaughter'sstrongpersonalitywasastrength.Thatrevelationwasahugegift.Ivalueherqualitiesbut

don'lwantthemusedagainstme.Iwillsoftenmyresponseandlistentoher.

3.1wentcrazy.Infact,Icrossedaline.Andthathappens.ButIlearnedtoapologizeandresetsothatwecould

moveforward.

Myjob,therefore,istoleamnewresponsesthatoffermydaughteroptionsandrealisticconsequences,notempty

threats.Andhopefully,thiswillchangemyrelationshipwithmydaughter.

24.Whatistheactualreasontheauthorhadafightwithherdaughter?

A.Thedaughterwouldn'tgiveherthekeys.

B.Thedaughterdidn'tcomebackuntil11pm.

C.Thedaughterinsistedongoingoutlateatnight.

D.Thedaughterwantedtogotothemovieswithfriends.

25.Thecommentsmadetheauthorfeeluawfiil''because.

A.shehadhelpedherdaughtertotestboundaries

B.shedidn'ttreasurethemother-daughterrelationship

C.shethoughtAmywascriticizingherdaughter'supbringing

D.shehadn'tnoticedthedesirableaspectsofherdaughter'sbehavior

26.After(hephonecall,theauthorlearnedthat.

A.herdaughter'sstrongcharactershouldbesoftened

B.sheshouldconstructivelydealwithconflict

C.herdaughtershouldcontrolherbehavior

D.sheshouldadmitherfailureasamother

27.AccordingtoAmy,whatshouldtheauthorsayifthesamesituationhappensagain?

A.“Doyoureallythinkyoucanjustwalkoutthedoorlikethal?”

B."It'snotsafetobeoutsolate.Whatabouttomorrowaftemoon?^^

C."Itdoesn'tmatterwhetheryougcoutornot.Iwillsupportyou.,,

D."Youhavebeendisrespectfulandcan'tgoouttonight.Isthatcleaf?"

【答案】24.C25.D26.B27.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述作者和自己的女兒發(fā)生沖突后，和育兒專家通話后改變原來的處理沖

突的方式，希望能改善和女兒的關(guān)系。

【24題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)笫一段"Iwrestledhertothegroundforthekeys,literally.Indeed,whensheopenedthedoorto

leavethehouseat11pmforthemoviesdespitemywords,Iactuallywrestledmy16-year-olddaughtertotheground.

（我因為鑰匙把她摔在地上，真的,事實上，當(dāng)她不顧我的話，在晚上11點開門離開家去看電影時，我把我

16歲的女兒摔倒在地）”可知，作者和女兒吵架的真正原因是因為女兒堅持深夜外出。故選C。

【25題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段"Thosecommentsreallymademefeelawful.Ihadn'tconsideredanythingpositiveabout

herbehavior—butoutsideofourmother-daughterrelationship,Iwouldneverwanttodevaluemydaughter'sstrong

will.（那些評論真的讓我感覺很糟就。我沒有考慮過她的行為有什么積極的方面一一但除了我們母女的關(guān)系，

我從來不想貶低我女兒堅強的意志）”可知，這些評論讓作者感到“糟糕”，是因為作者沒有注意到女兒行

為中積極的方面，也就是令人滿意的方面。故選D。

【26題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第七段°AftertalkingwithAmy,IrealizedthatIwastheonewhoneededhelpunderstanding

disciplinevscontrol.Honestly,Ididhatethattheresponsibilitywasonme.Iwantedpermissiontoscreamandpunish.

（在和艾米交談之后，我意識到我才是那個需要幫助來理解紀(jì)律和控制的人。老實說，我確實討厭責(zé)任落在

我身上。我想要被允許尖叫和懲罰）”可推知，通過電話，作者了解到她應(yīng)該建設(shè)性地處理沖突，故選B。

[27題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Myjob,therefore,istolearnnewresponsesthatoffermydaughteroptionsand

realisticconsequences,notemptythreats.Andhopefully,thiswillchangemyrelationshipwithmydaughter.（[±|jit,

我的工作是學(xué)習(xí)新的回應(yīng)，為我的女兒提供選擇和現(xiàn)實的后果，而不是空洞的威脅。希望這能改變我和女兒

的關(guān)系）”可推知，在重新處理同彈的情況時，作者應(yīng)該會把深夜離家的后果一一不安全告訴女兒，并且讓

她選擇一個其他時間出門。故選B。

C

Laughingtogetherisanimportantwayforpeopletoconnectandbond.And（houghthecausesoflaughtercan

varywidelyacrossindividualsandgroups,thesoundofalaughisusuallyrecognizablebetweenpeoplebelonging

todifferentcultures.

Butwhataboutanimals?Dothey“l(fā)augh"?Andarcthecausesofanimalandhumanlaughteralike?In

humans,peoplemaylaughwhentheyhearajoke,orwhentheyseesomethingthattheythinkisfunny,thoughit's

unknownifanimals,intelligenceincludeswhathumanswouldcallasenseofhumor.

However,manyanimalsproducesoundsduringplay（hatareuniquetothatpleasantsocialinteraction.

Researchersconsidersuchvocalizationstobesimilartohumanlaughter.Recently,scientistsinvestigatedplay

vocalizationtoseehowcommonitwasamonganimals.Theteamidentified65speciesthat''laughed“while

playing-mostweremammals（哺乳動物），butafewbirdspeciesdemonstratedplayfullaughtertoo.Reportsof

playfullaughterwerenotablyabsentinstudiesdescribingfish,perhapsbecausethereissomequestionasto

whetherornotplayexistsatallinthatanimalgroup.Thisnewstudycouldhelpscientiststoanalyze(heoriginsof

humanlaughter.

Buthowcanweidentifyplay?Unlikefighting,playisusuallyrepetitiveandhappensindependentlyofother

socialbehaviors,saidleadstudyauthorSashaWinkler,adoctorofbiologicalanthropologyattheUniversityof

California.Whenitconicstoidentifyingit,“youknowitwhenyouseeit,“WinklertoldLiveScience.Onesignis

thatprimates—ourclosestrelatives—havea"playface“thatissimilartotheexpressionsofhumanswhoarc

playing.

WhenWinklerpreviouslyworkedwithrhesusmacaques,shehadnoticedthatthemonkeyspanted(喘氣)

quietlywhileplaying.Manyotherprimatesarealsoknowntovocalizeduringplay,shesaid,soahypothesis

(laughterinhumansisthoughttohaveoriginatedduringplay)supportedbytheplay-relatedpantinglaughterof

manyprimatespecieswasputforward.

Peoplenowstilllaughduringplay,butwcalsointegratelaughterintolanguageandnon-playbclmviors,using

laughterindiversewaystoexpressarangeofemotionsthatmaybepositiveornegative.Humanlaughternotably

differsfromotheranimals,laughterinanotherimportantway:itsvolume.Peoplebroadcasttheirlaughterloudly,

oftenasawayofestablishinginclusion.Bycomparison,whenmostanimalslaugh,thesoundisveryquiet一just

loudenoughtobeheardbythelaugher'spartner.

“It'sreallyfascinatingthatsomanyanimalshaveasimilarfiinctionofvocalizationduringplay/'Winklertold

LiveScience.uButwcdohavetheseuniquepartsofhumanlaughterthatarealsoanimportantareafo<-future

study."

28.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Toexplaincausesofanimalandhumanlaughter.

B.Toassesscomplexitiesregardinganimallaughter.

C.Topresentfindingsontheexistenceofanimallaughter.

D.Toanalyzedifferencesbetweenanimalandhumanlaughter.

29.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.Animallaughterisevennoticeableinfish.

B.Animallaughterishardtorecognizeduringplay.

C.Peoplehavelearnedtocombineplaywithlaughter.

D.Peoplelaughloudlybecausetheywanttoinvolveothers.

30.Whatisprobablythefocusoffuturestudyonlaughter?

A.Distinctivefeaturesofhumanlaughter.

B.Differentfunctionsofanimallaughter.

C.Theoriginanddevelopmentofhumanlaughter.

D.Therelationshipbetweenanimallaughterandintelligence.

【答案】28.C29.D30.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了關(guān)于“動物界存在笑聲”相關(guān)研究成果。

[28題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Butwhataboutanimals?Dothey“l(fā)augh”？Andarcthecausesofanimalandhuman

laughteralike?（但是動物呢？他們會“笑”嗎？動物和人類笑的原因是一樣的嗎？）”提出的三個問題、第三

段中Recently,scientistsinvestigatedplayvocalizationtoseehowcommonitwasamonganimals.Theteam

identified65speciesthat“l(fā)aughed”whileplaying—mostweremammals（哺乳動物），butafewbirdspecies

demonstratedplayfullaughtertoo.（最近，科學(xué)家們調(diào)查了游戲中的發(fā)聲，看看它在動物中有多普遍。研究小

組確定了65種會在玩耍時“笑”的物種——大多數(shù)是哺乳動物，但一些鳥類也會笑）”、第五段中“Many

otherprimatesarealsoknown（ovocalizeduringplay,shesaid,soahypothesis（laughterinhumansisthoughtto

haveoriginatedduringplay）supportedbytheplay-relatedpantinglaughterofmanyprimatespecieswasput

forward/她說，許多其他靈長類動物也會在玩耍時發(fā)出聲音，因此提出了一種假說（人類的笑聲被認(rèn)為是在

玩耍時產(chǎn)生的），這種假說得到了許多靈長類動物與玩耍有關(guān)的喘息笑聲的支持）”和最后一段中"Msreally

fascinatingthatsomanyanimalshaveasimilarfunctionofvocalizationduringplay,'WinklertoldLiveScience.（溫

克勒告訴《生活科學(xué)》雜志說：“這么多動物在玩耍時都有類似的發(fā)聲功能，這真的很有趣。“）”中給出

的相關(guān)答案可知，本文是為了展示“動物界存在笑聲”相關(guān)研究的成果。故選C項。

【29題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中“Peoplebroadcasttheirlaughterloudly,oftenasawayofestablishinginclusion.（人

們大聲傳播他們的笑聲，這通常是作為一種尋求參與者的方式）”可知，人們大聲地笑是為了讓其它人參與

進(jìn)來。故選D項。

【30題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Butwedohavetheseuniquepartsofhumanlaughterthatarealsoanimportant

areaforfuturestudy.（但我們確實有人類笑聲所獨有的部分，這也是未來研究的一個重要領(lǐng)域）”可推知，接

下來的研究很可能重點關(guān)注人類笑聲的獨特特征。故選A項。

D

Facedwithanattemptbyanewchatbottoimitate（模仿）hisownsongs,（hemusicianNickCavedelivereda

strongresponse:itwas“anabsolute'yhorribleattempt”.HeunderstoodthatAIwasinitsbabyhood,butcouldonly

concludethatthetruehorrormightbethat“ilwillforeverbeinitsbabyhood”.Whilearobotmightonedaybeable

tocreateasong,hewrote,itwouldnevergrowbeyond“akindofburlesque(滑稽的模仿)“，becauserobots-being

composedofdata-areunabletosuffer,whilesongsariseoutofsuffering.

FansofCaveandhisbandwillagreethathismusicisinimitable,butthatdoesn'tmeantheywouldnecessarily

beabletotellthedifference.AfewdaysbeforeCave'sremarks,expertswereaskedtodistinguishbetweenfour

genuineartworksandtheirAiimitations.Theirconclusionswerewrongfivetimesoutof12,andtheywereonly

unitedlyrightinoneofthefourpicturecomparisons.

Thesearepartygames,but(heypointtoanunfoldingchallengethatmustbemanagedasamailerofurgency

because,likeitornot.AIartisuponus.Thearrivalofthehuman-impersonatingChatGPTmighthaveincreased

generalawareness,butartistsacrossawiderangeofdisciplinesarealreadyexploringitspotential,withthedancer

WayneMcGregorandLondon'sYoungVicTheatreamongthosewhohavecreatedAl-basedworks.

Astrongly-wordedreportfromCommunicationsandDigitalCommittee(CDC)issuedawakc-upcalltothe

government,urgingittoraiseitsgameineducatingfuturegenerationsoftech-savvyprofessionals,andtacklingkey

regulatorychallenges.Theseincludedreviewingrefonnstointellectualpropertylaw,strengthening(herightsof

performersandartists,andtakingactiontosupport(hecreativesectorinadaptingtoihedisturbancescausedbyswift

andstormytechnologicalchange.

WhiledevelopingAIisimportant,itshouldnotbepursuedatallcosts,theCDCstressed.Itdeploredthefailure

oftheDepartmentforDigital.Culture,andMediatoofferadefenceagainstproposedchangestointellectualproperty

lawthatwouldgivecopyrightexemption(版權(quán)豁免)toanywork,anywhereintheworld,involvingAltextanddata

miring.

ThechallengesofAIarebothphilosophical,asCavesuggested,andpractical.Theywillunfoldovertheshort

andlong(erm.Slate-of-the-artcreativeindustrieshaveakeyroletoplayinshapingandexploringthephilosophical

ones,buttheymusthavethepracticalhelptheyrequiretosurviveandbes