PAGEPAGE9第11練閱讀理解七選五Ⅰ.閱讀理解AOnNovember7，LewisPughcompletedaone-kilometerswiminthefreezingwatersofKingEdwardCove，offSouthGeorgiainAntarctica.Hewaswearingonlyhisswimmingglasses，capandspeedos!Pughisanadvocateforouroceansandseas，workingtoprotecttheseecosystemwiththeirlargediversityofmarine(海洋的)life.Whenaskedwhyhedoesn’twearawetsuit，Lewissays，“Iaskworldleaderstodoeverythingtheycantoprotectouroceans.Sometimesthestepstheyneedtotakearedifficultandunpopular.IfI’maskingthemtobecourageous，Imustalsobe.Swimminginawetsuitwouldnotsendtherightmessage.”IttookPughabout19minutestocompletetheone-kilometerswiminAntarcticawherethewateraveragedabout1.6degreesCelsius(攝氏度)．Hesaysthathisbodycanonlytolerateabout20minutesinthefreezingwatersbeforeitstartsshuttingdown.Asheswims，hisbodytemperaturesteadilydrops，whichinturncauseshismuscle(肌肉)controltodrop，slowinghimdown.Whenheisdonewithhisswim，hissupportteamrusheshimtoahotshowerandittakesalmostanhourforhisbodytemperaturetoreturntonormal.DoctorsandPughcautionthatonemustreceivemonthsoftrainingtoswiminsuchcoldwaters.Evenexpertswimmerswhoareunusedtofreezingwatercandrownwithinminutesbecauseofthephysicalshockexperiencedbythebody.Pughsayshetrainedforsixmonthsbeforethisswim.ThisisnotthefirsttimethatLewishasswumindangerousconditions.In2007，heswamonekilometerintheNorthPoletodrawattentiontothemeltingArcticiceduetoclimatechange.In2015，heswamintheBayofWhalesinAntarctica’sRossSeaaspartofhissuccessfulcampaigntohelpsetupamarinereservethere.1．WhydidLewisPughswimwithoutawetsuit?A．Toswimfaster.B．Toshowhisbravery.C．Tobuilduphisbody.D．Towinpublicattention.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph3referto?A．Hisbody.B．Thewater.C．Hisbodytemperature.D．Thewatertemperature.3．What’sPugh’sadviceaboutswimminginfreezingwaters?A．Onemustbefullyprepared.B．Oneshouldbeexpertatswimming.C．Oneshouldbereadytotakeonchallenges.D．Onemustbeusedtolong-distanceswimming.4．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A．LewisPugh：SwimmingforaCauseB．HowtoSurviveaSwiminColdWatersC．HowtoPrepareforExtremeSwimmingD．LewisPugh：AchievingtheImpossibleBPeopletypicallywashtheirhandsseveraltimesadayintheUnitedStates，buttheydoitatafarhighertemperaturethanisnecessarytokillgerms，anewstudysays.Theenergywasteisequivalenttothefueluseofasmallcountry.AmandaR．Carrico，aresearchassistantprofessorattheVanderbiltInstituteforEnergyandEnvironmentinTennessee，toldNationalGeographicthathandwashingisoften“acasewherepeopleactinwaysthattheythinkareintheirbestinterest，buttheyinfacthaveinaccuratebeliefsoroutdatedperceptions.”Carricosaid，“It’scertainlytruethatheatkillsbacteria，butifyouweregoingtousehotwatertokillthemitwouldhavetobeawaytoohotforyoutotolerate.”Carricosaidthatafterareviewofthescientificliterature，herteamfound“noevidencethatusinghotwaterthatapersoncouldstandwouldhaveanybenefitinkillingbacteria.”Evenwaterascoldas40°F(4.4°C)appearedtoreducebacteriaaswellashotterwater，ifhandswerescrubbed，rinsed(沖洗)anddriedproperly.Usinghotwatertowashhandsisthereforeunnecessary，aswellaswasteful，Carricosaid，particularlywhenitcomestotheenvironment.Accordingtoherresearch，peopleusewarmorhotwater64percentofthetimewhentheywashtheirhands.Usingthatnumber，Carrico’steamcalculatedasignificantimpactontheplanet.“Althoughthechoiceofwatertemperatureduringasinglehandwashmayappearunimportant，whenmultipliedbythenearly800billionhandwashesperformedbyAmericanseachyear，thispracticeresultsinmorethan6millionmetrictonsofCO2equivalentemissionsannually，”shesaid.TheresearcherspublishedtheirresultsintheJuly2013issueofInternationalJournalofConsumerStudies.Theyrecommendedwashingwithwaterthatisata“comfortable”temperature，whichtheynotedmaybewarmerincoldmonthsandcoolerinhotones.5．What’sthemeaningofwhatCarricotoldNationalGeographicinthesecondparagraph?A．Peoplearemoreconcernedabouttheirhealthandbegintowashtheirhands.B．It’simportantforpeopletowashtheirhandstokeephealthy.C．Generally，people’shandwashingbehaviorsandperceptionsarenotcorrect.D．Peoplelikewashingtheirhandsverymuch.6．Thefiguresinthesixthparagraphareusedtoshowthat.A．usinghotwatertowashhandshasabadinfluenceonourplanetB．a(chǎn)irpollutionhasbecomemoreandmoreseriousC．usinghotwatertowashhandsisawasteofenergyD．peopleshouldpaymoreattentiontotheenvironmentaroundus7．Thispassageisorganizedinthepatternof.A．factandopinionB．causeandeffectC．definitionandclassificationD．timeandevents8．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．It’snecessaryandusefulforpeopletowashtheirhandsfrequentlyeveryday.B．Wecanwashourhandswithwaterthatisata“comfortable”temperature.C．Usingcoldwatertowashhandsisnecessaryandmuchhealthier.D．Hotwatercan’tkillgerms.C(2024·黑龍江齊齊哈爾二模)Shesatatthepicnictablealone.Recess(休息)wasinfullswing.Sheremainedawkwardaroundherclassmates.Sheseemedunsureofwhattodoorsay，yetIcouldseehereyeslongingforacceptance.Manystudentshadalreadydecidedthatherfriendshipwouldnotbeworththeenergyrequiredtoovercometheawkwardness.Othersteasedher.Mostignoredher—exceptforone.Brianna，theclassclown，wasmakingtheotherstudentslaugh，asusual.“Brianna，doyouseeMollydownthere？Wouldyoumindwalkingdownthereandinvitinghertocomeupherewiththerestofus？”Briannasighed.Icouldtellshedidn’twanttosacrificepreciousminutesofherownrecesstodowhatIwasaskingofher，butIalsoknewherheart.Sheoftenthoughtofothersbeforeherself—ararecharacterforanyone，muchlessakid.Knowingthischoicewashardforher，IpulledoutaD-buck，ourclasscurrency.Thoughbribery(行賄)wasnottheidealwaytohandlethissituation，Ineededhercooperation.“Here，I’llpayyouforyourtime.”Sheofferedaninsinceresmile，graspedthegreenpaper，andheadeddownthehill.Astherestofthechildrenscreamedandlaughed，myeyeslockedonBriannaasshenearedthepicnictable.Mollycouldbedifficult，andIwouldn’thavebeensurprisedifshesentBriannabackalone，refusingherinvitation.Whensheencouragedherselftoastandingposition，Isighedwithrelief.Aminutelater，Ifeltataponmyshoulder.“Here，Mrs.D.”ShehandedmetheD-buck.“Why？”Iasked.“Ishouldn’tkeepthis.”Hereyesfelltoherfeet，guiltradiatingfromherquietvoice.“Idon’twantMollytothinkIonlywenttogethersoIcouldearnabuck.She’smyfriend.”Amomentlater，theywerealllaughingagain，andwhoshouldIseeamongthem，laughingforthefirsttimethatweek？Molly.9．Accordingtotheauthor，whatwasMollylike?A．Sheignoredthejokesfromotherkids.B．Shefeltawkwardatbeingteased.C．Shedesiredtobeacceptedbyotherkids.D．Shehadnoenergytomakefriends.10．HowdidtheauthorfeelasBriannawalkedtoMolly?A．Worried. B．Satisfied.C．Excited. D．Confused.11．WhatwasthepurposeofBrianna’sreturningtheD-bucktotheauthor?A．Toavoidlosingitoneday.B．TogetapurefriendshipwithMolly.C．Tobribeherteacher.D．Toescapefrombeingscoldedbyherteacher.Ⅱ.七選五Inaworldsurroundedbybadnews，itmayfeellikeanunhappyplacesometimes.12Ifyoumakeevenonepersonsmiletoday，youcanhelpmakethisworldabetterplace.Hereisalistofideastohelpyou.13InthisdayandagewhereeverythingissentviatheInternet，it’sashocktoreceivealetterthroughthepost.Puttingpentopaperandwritingafewwordstoafriendcanbeaneasywaytomakeapositiveimpact.Requiringsometimeandresearchtofindtheperfectproject，volunteeringisoneofthenicestthingsyoucando.Whetheryouvolunteeratyourlocalyouthgrouportakedogsfromsheltersforawalk，thesimplefactthatyouaregivingyourtimetohelpsomeoneelseisincredible.Therearesomanyopportunities.14Tellsomeone“Iloveyou”．Itcanbeanyone.15Perhapsyoucantellafriendthatyouappreciatealltheyaretoyou，orremindyourmumthatit’sherbirthday.Sometimes，inourbusylivesweforgettotakeamomenttotellpeoplewhattheymeantous.16Whetheryou’recreativeornot，takingtimetomakesomethingforsomeoneelseshowshowmuchyouappreciatethem.Evenifyouthinkyou’renotcreative，therecipientwillfeelluckytogetsuchauniquegiftthatyouputyourprecioustimeinto.Someideascouldincludeacard，painting，drawing，song，poemorcake!A．However，youcanmakeadifference.B．It’sasurprisetosendahandwrittenletter.C．Andyoudon’tevenhavetosay“Iloveyou”．D．Soyouaresuretofindonethatisrightforyou.E．Anditdoesn’tnecessarilyhavetotakeupallyourlife.F．Makingsomethingforaspecialpersonisalwaysunique.G．Evenapostcardwithacoupleofsentencescouldreallymakesomeone’sday.答案解析Ⅰ.語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇記敘文。文章講解并描述了LewisPugh為了呼吁政府實(shí)行措施愛(ài)護(hù)海洋而在平均水溫僅有16°C的極地海洋不穿防寒泳衣游泳的英勇事跡。1．B[推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Iaskworldleaderstodoeverythingtheycantoprotectouroceans.Sometimesthestepstheyneedtotakearedifficultandunpopular.IfI’maskingthemtobecourageous，Imustalsobe.Swimminginawetsuitwouldnotsendtherightmessage.”可知，他不穿防寒泳衣是為了展示他的英勇，故選B。]2．A[詞義揣測(cè)題。上文是他在冰水里游泳身體只能忍受20分鐘，下文中提到他游泳時(shí)體溫在漸漸下降，肌肉限制力也在下降，可推想出此處的it指的是hisbody，故選A。]3．A[推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段中的“DoctorsandPughcautionthatonemustreceivemonthsoftrainingtoswiminsuchcoldwaters.”可知，一個(gè)人要想在冰冷的水里游泳必需得訓(xùn)練很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才可以，即要做足打算工作才行，故選A。]4．A[標(biāo)題歸納題。文章主要講解并描述的是Pugh為愛(ài)護(hù)海洋而在極寒的水里游泳，他用實(shí)際行動(dòng)去展示他愛(ài)護(hù)海洋的決心和志氣，由此可知A項(xiàng)是最佳標(biāo)題。]語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇探討報(bào)告。熱水洗手是不是能殺死更多的細(xì)菌？探討證明并非如此，而且還產(chǎn)生了更多的二氧化碳。5．C[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“buttheyinfacthaveinaccuratebeliefsoroutdatedperceptions.”的轉(zhuǎn)折可知，一般來(lái)講，人們洗手的觀念和行為都是不太正確的或者過(guò)時(shí)的，故選C。]6．A[推理推斷題。依據(jù)第五段最終一句“Usingthatnumber，Carrico’steamcalculatedasignificantimpactontheplanet.”可知，本句承上啟下，再依據(jù)第六段內(nèi)容可知引用的那些數(shù)字就是為了證明用熱水洗手對(duì)地球帶來(lái)的消極影響，故選A。]7．A[篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。通過(guò)對(duì)文章的整體理解，尤其是第六段可知，本文主要是通過(guò)列舉事實(shí)，同時(shí)表達(dá)作者自己的觀點(diǎn)的方式進(jìn)行行文的，故選A。]8．B[推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段最終一句“Theyrecommendedwashingwithwaterthatisata‘comfortable’temperature，whichtheynotedmaybewarmerincoldmonthsandcoolerinhotones.”可知，我們洗手用舒適溫度的水即可，不必太熱，也不必太涼，故選B。]語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。莫莉渴望被同學(xué)接受，但多數(shù)的學(xué)生都干脆無(wú)視她，所以作者讓布麗安娜去邀請(qǐng)她，并給她D-buck作為回報(bào)。布麗安娜照作者的話去做了，但是把D-buck還給了作者。因?yàn)椴见惏材认牒湍蚪⒓儍舻挠亚?，不想讓她誤會(huì)自己去邀請(qǐng)她的誠(chéng)意。9．C[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的“Sheseemedunsureofwhattodoorsay，yetIcouldseehereyeslongingforacceptance.”可知，Molly渴望自己被別人接受。故選C。]10．A[推理推斷題。依據(jù)第七段“Astherestofthechi