高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1河北省保定市名校聯(lián)盟2024-2025學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期4月期中英語試題第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatisthemansatisfiedwithaboutthekitchen?A.Itsbigspace. B.Itsgoodlighting. C.Itsnewfacilities.【答案】B【原文】W:Thekitchenistoosmallandthefacilitiesaretooold.M:Atleastthebigwindowheregivesitenoughlighting.W:Yeah,that’stheonlyreasonwhyIthinkit’sstillacceptable.2.Whereisthecomicbook?A.Inthedrawer. B.Onthedesk. C.Onthebed.【答案】A【原文】M:Didyouseemycomicbook,Mom?Itwasonmybedamomentago.W:Iputitawayinthetopdrawerofyourwritingdesk.Youneedtokeepyourroomtidy.It’sinamess!3.Whatwillthemandonext?A.GiveMaryacall. B.Goshopping. C.Prepareforaparty.【答案】A【原文】M:WhatshallwebuyMomforherbirthday?Ahandbagoracoat?W:Eitherwilldo.However,IthinkyoushouldaskMaryfirstincasewebuythesamething.M:OK.Iwillphoneherrightnow.4.Whatisthemandoing?A.Chattingwithhisfriend.B.Takingclassesonline.C.Searchingforinformation.【答案】C【原文】W:Areyoustillchattingwithyourfriend?M:No,I’mjustsearchingforinformationaboutmynewschoolontheInternet.5.Whenwilltheswimmingpoolclosetoday?A.At3:00. B.At5:00. C.At7:00.【答案】C【原文】W:Whattimedoestheswimmingpoolclosetoday?M:Weusuallycloseatfiveo’clockonSaturdays,butsincetonightisHalloween,we’regoingtostayopenuntilseveno’clock.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6.Howdoesthemanfindtheweatherforecasts?A.Inaccurate. B.Reliable. C.Timely.7.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Taxidriverandcustomer. B.Colleagues. C.Classmates.【答案】6.A7.B【原文】W:Theweatherforecastsaysit’llraintoday.M:They’vebeensayingthatforaweekandIhaven’tseenmuchsignofitsofar.W:Yeah,butthistimemaybethey’reontarget.Theskyisverydark.Igotafeelingthattherainwillbeheavy.M:Icangiveyouaridehomeifit’srainingheavily.W:No,thanks.Ourbossasksmetoworkovertimetofinishthismonth’ssalesreport.Don’tworry.I’llprobablyjustwaituntiltherainstops.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8.Whobroketherightleg?A.Thetruckdriver. B.Mrs.Smith. C.Jessie.9.Whatwastheweatherlikeinthemorning?A.Sunny. B.Rainy. C.Foggy.10.Whydidthewomanstayuplatelastnight?A.Sheplayedvideogames. B.Shewrotethepaper. C.ShewatchedTV.【答案】8.B9.C10.B【原文】M:TheSmithshadacaraccidentthismorning.Theircarcrashedintothefrontofatruck.W:Geez!Aretheyalright?M:ThetruckdriverandMr.Smithareokay.Theyonlygotafewscratches.However,Mrs.SmithbrokeherrightlegandtheirdaughterJessie’slefthandwasseverelyinjured.Bothofthemweretakentothehospital.W:MyGod!Wasoneofthemspeeding?M:Idon’tthinkso.Neitherofthedriverswasdrivingveryfast.Itwasfoggythismorning.W:Oh,Ididn’tknowitwasfoggy.Igotupat11:00amtoday.Itwasalreadysunnyoutsidethen.M:Didyoustayuplateplayingvideogamesagain?W:No,IhadplannedtowatchTVlastnight.ThenIrealizedIstillhadn’tfinishedmypaper,soIhadtogetdowntoit.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。11.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atarestaurant. B.Onaplane. C.Inahotelroom.12.Whatdrinkwillthemanget?A.Water. B.Coffee. C.Adietsoda.13.Whatdoesthemanwantattheendoftheconversation?A.Apillow. B.Ablanket. C.Amagazine.【答案】11.B12.A13.C【原文】W:Yes?WhatcanIdoforyou?M:It’sverycoldinthecabin.Isitpossibletogetablanket?W:I’mafraidwe’reoutofblankets,buthere’sapillow.M:OK,thanks.Iwasasleepduringthemealservice.CouldIgetamealnow?W:Sure,butwedon’thaveanymoreofthebakedchicken.Weonlyhavethebeansaladleft.M:Oh,OK.I’lltakethat.CouldIalsogetsomedrinks?W:Yes,ofcourse.Whatwouldyouliketohave?M:Adietsoda,please.W:Sorry,we’reoutofdietsoda.Iscoffeeokay?M:Justwater,please.W:Noproblem.M:Oh…What’sthat?W:That’sairturbulence.Makesureyourseatbeltisfastened.M:Onemorething,I’dlikeamagazine.W:It’satthebackofyourfrontseat,sir.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。14.HowdoesTimgettoschoolnow?A.Bybike. B.Bybus. C.Bycar.15.WhatadviceisTimgoingtogivehisteachers?A.Askingstudentstosendintheirworkelectronically.B.Requestingstudentstorecycleschoolpaper.C.Makingstudentsusebothsidesofpaper.16.Whatactionshouldtheschoolcafeteriatakeinthefuture?A.Uselocalproduce. B.Havemeatlessmeals. C.Stopsellingbottleddrinks.17.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Agreenproject. B.Arecyclingplan. C.Theschoollife.【答案】14.A15.A16.C17.A【原文】W:Tim,you’regoingtotalkaboutyourprojectonHowtoLeadaGreenerLife.M:Well,Iusedtogotoschoolbycar.Catchingabuswouldbebetter,butthere’snobusstopnearmyhouse.However,Iridemybiketoschoolnow.W:OK,andwhataboutbeinggreenonceyou’reatschool?M:Well,Irealizedthatalthoughallschoolpaperwasrecycledandmostofmyfriendsusedbothsidesofpaper,weusedhugequantities.Andthenitcametomethatweshouldbesendinginmostofourworkelectronically.I’mgoingtorecommendittoourteachers.W:Whatabouttheschoolcafeteria?M:OneschoolI’vereadabouthasmeatlessMondays.It’sgoodtouselocalproducetoo.That’ssomethingourschoolalreadydoes.Butwestillhavemachineswithbottledmilk,waterandjuiceforsale.Ithinkweshouldn’thavethem.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。18.Howmanyplasticparticlesdowetakeineveryweekonaverage?A.Lessthan500. B.About1,700. C.Around2,000.19.Whatisthelargestsourceofplasticparticlesgettingintoourbody?A.Food. B.Air. C.Drinkingwater.20.Whatisthespeaker’slastsuggestion?A.Usespecialtoothpaste.B.Washclotheslessoften.C.Stayawayfromseafood.【答案】18.C19.C20.B【原文】M:ResearchersfromanAustralianuniversityfoundthatanaverageofaround2,000plasticparticles,whichareabouttheweightofacreditcard,aregettingintoourbodythroughourfood,drinkingwaterandeventheaireveryweek.Thesetinyparticlesaresmallerthanfivemillimeters,andtheyoriginatefromavarietyofsources,includingman-madeclothesfibers,materialsusedinsometoothpastes,orbiggerpiecesofplasticwhichgraduallybreakintosmallerpieceswhenthey’rethrownawayandexposedoutsideinnature.Theplasticmakesitswayintoourriversandoceans,andcanbeeatenbyfishandothermarineanimals,endingupaspartofthefoodchain.Accordingtotheresearch,thelargestsourceofplasticparticlesthatgetintoourbodyisdrinkingwater.Theaveragepersonconsumesasmanyas1,769plasticparticleseveryweekjustbydrinkingwater—bottledorfromthetap.“Rightnowit’salmostimpossibletostopthisfromhappening,butthereisstillsomethingwecandoinourdailylife.Forexample,everytimewewashourclothes,anaverageofninemillionplasticparticlesarereleasedintotheenvironmentsodon’twashthemunlesswehaveto.”saidoneoftheresearchers.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AInaneraofovertourism,smarttravelersincreasinglyseekhiddengemsthatofferauthenticculturalimmersionandunspoiledlandscapes.Theselesser-knowndestinationsnotonlyescapethecrowdsbutalsopreserveuniquetraditionsandbreathtakingnaturalwonders—thoughvisitingthemoftenrequiresextrapreparation.·CivitadiBagnoregio,ItalyDescribedas“thedyingtown”,thismedieval(中世紀(jì))villagesitsontopofacollapsingcliffincentralItaly.Accessibleonlybyapedestrianbridge,itsstonestreetsandRenaissancearchitectureofferafrozen-in-timeatmosphere.Visitinearlymorningtoavoidcrowds.Note:Limitedpublictransport;checkbridgeaccessduringbadweather.·?irince,TurkeyNearEphesus,thisformerGreekvillagecharmsvisitorswithcobblestonealleysandpeach-coloredhouses.Famousforfruitwines,?irinceprovidesauthenticlocalexperiences.Note:Respectconservativedresscodesinruralareasandavoiddiscussingpoliticaltopics.·LofotenIslands,NorwayThisArcticArchipelagoboastsdramaticbayandtraditionalredfishingcabins.Idealfornorthernlightsviewing(September–March)ormidnightsunhikes(June–July).Note:Weatherchangesrapidly;packlayeredclothingandwaterproofgear.·YakushimaIsland,JapanAUNESCOsitewith1,000-year-oldcedar(雪松)foreststhatinspiredStudioGhibli’sPrincessMononoke.Trailsrangefromeasywalkstochallenging10-hourhikes.Note:Reservemountainhutsinadvanceformulti-daytreks(跋涉)andfollowstrictecologicalguidelinestoprotectwildlife.21.WhatshouldvisitorstoCivitadiBagnoregioconfirmbeforearrival?A.Mountainhutavailability. B.Bridgeaccessibility.C.Northernlightsschedule. D.Wine-tastingreservations.22.Whymighttouristsneedtoadjusttheirbehaviorin?irince?A.Toprotectancientforests. B.Duetorapidweatherchanges.C.Becauseofpoliticalsensitivities. D.Formidnightsunphotography.23.Whichdestinationismostsuitableforgreentravelers?A.CivitadiBagnoregio,Italy. B.?irince,Turkey.C.LofotenIslands,Norway. D.YakushimaIsland,Japan.【答案】21.B22.C23.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹的是幾個鮮為人知但獨具魅力的旅行目的地，為游客提供避開人群、體驗原生態(tài)文化和自然風(fēng)光的選擇。【21題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“CivitadiBagnoregio,Italy”部分的“Note:Limitedpublictransport;checkbridgeaccessduringbadweather.(注意：公共交通有限；惡劣天氣時需確認橋梁通行情況。)”可知，前往意大利巴尼亞雷焦奇維塔的游客需要在到達前確認橋梁是否可以通行。故選B項?！?2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“?irince,Turkey”部分的“Note:Respectconservativedresscodesinruralareasandavoiddiscussingpoliticaltopics.(注意：在農(nóng)村地區(qū)尊重保守的著裝規(guī)范，并避免討論政治話題。)”可知，游客在?irince可能需要調(diào)整行為，因為當(dāng)?shù)貙φ卧掝}較為敏感。故選C項?！?3題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“YakushimaIsland,Japan”部分的“Note:Reservemountainhutsinadvanceformulti-daytreksandfollowstrictecologicalguidelinestoprotectwildlife.(注意：多日徒步旅行需提前預(yù)訂山間小屋，并遵循嚴格的生態(tài)保護指南以保護野生動物。)”可知，日本屋久島因其嚴格的生態(tài)保護措施最適合環(huán)保旅行者。故選D項。BAt3a.m.inSeoul,19-year-olduniversitystudentMin-Jiturnsonherwebcam(網(wǎng)絡(luò)攝像頭),arrangestextbooksundersoftstudiolighting,andjoins2,300viewersworldwideinasilentdigitallibrary.Whatsoundslikeinsomnia-driven(失眠驅(qū)動)behaviorisactuallypartofaglobalphenomenon:live-streamedstudysessionsrevolutionizingself-directedlearning.PlatformslikeStudyStreamreporta217%surgeinuserssince2020,withstudentsbroadcastingtheirstudyroutinestoholdthemselvesaccountable.ThetrendmixesproductivityculturewithGenZ’s(Z世代的)digitalfluency,creatingwhatpsychologistscall“peer-powereddiscipline.”Learnersstreamtheirstudysessions,whileviewerstuneintosharetheexperience,fosteringasenseofcollectivemotivation.StudyStream’sdatareveals78%ofparticipantsstudy40+minuteslongerpersessionwhenlive.“It’slikehavingstudybuddies(好哥們)worldwidecheeringyouon,”explainsCanadianuserEmilyTorres,whoimprovedherGPAfrom2.8to3.4usingthemethod.HarvardeducationresearcherDr.LilaChennotesthephenomenontapsintofundamentalpsychology:“Publiccommitmenttriggerstheobservereffect—webehavedifferentlywhenwatched,evenvirtually.Itexternalizeswillpower.”Herteam’s2022studyfoundlive-streamlearnerswere2.3timesmorelikelytocompletestudygoalsthansolopeers.Platformsareinnovatingrapidly.FocusBearintegratesAItoflagdistractions(e.g.,phoneusage)duringstreams.StudyWithMe.TVoffersvirtual“studyhalls”withtimedPomodorobreaks.TikTok’sStudyWithMetaghasgarnered8.9billionviews.Yetthetrendfacescriticism.“Itrisksreplacingintrinsicmotivationwithperformativestudying,”warnsStanfordpsychologistDr.RajPatel.Someusersreportanxietyaboutviewernumbers,echoingsocialmedia’smetrics-drivenstress.Asuniversitiestakenote—MITnowhostsofficialstudystreams—entrepreneursseebroaderapplications.StudyStreamCEOAishaMalikrevealsplansforcorporateversions:“We’repilotingstreamsforremoteworkersbattlingprocrastination(拖延癥).”Fornow,millionskeepcamerasonandbooksopen.AsMin-Jisignsoffher6-hourstreamwithahandwritten“Goodnight,studywarriors!”insixlanguages,thechatexplodesinheartemojis—adigitalpacttocontinuetomorrow.24.WhatusergrowthdidStudyStreamreportsince2020?A.A78%increaseinstudytimepersession. B.An8.9billionriseinvideoviewsonTikTok.C.A2.3timeshigherrateofstudygoalcompletion. D.A217%surgeinregisteredusers.25.Whydoeslive-streamstudyingwork?A.UsesAIdistractionalerts. B.Createsvirtualclassrooms.C.Stimulatesobservereffect. D.Reducesonlinestress.26.Whatisapossiblenegativeeffectoflive-streamstudying?A.Performativestudying. B.Narrowapplications.C.Lesscooperation. D.Increaseddelayinwork.27.Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?A.Technicaladvancesinstreaming. B.Anewstudytrendenhancingdiscipline.C.Classroompsychologyofbeingwatched. D.Socialmediaanxietyproblems.【答案】24.D25.C26.A27.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是直播學(xué)習(xí)這一全球現(xiàn)象及其對自學(xué)的革命性影響，同時探討了其心理學(xué)依據(jù)和潛在問題?！?4題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“PlatformslikeStudyStreamreporta217%surgeinuserssince2020,withstudentsbroadcastingtheirstudyroutinestoholdthemselvesaccountable.(像StudyStream這樣的平臺報告稱，自2020年以來，用戶數(shù)量激增了217%，學(xué)生們通過直播自己的學(xué)習(xí)日常來讓自己對學(xué)習(xí)負責(zé)。)”可知，StudyStream報告自2020年以來注冊用戶激增了217%。故選D項?！?5題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“HarvardeducationresearcherDr.LilaChennotesthephenomenontapsintofundamentalpsychology:“Publiccommitmenttriggerstheobservereffect—webehavedifferentlywhenwatched,evenvirtually.Itexternalizeswillpower.”(哈佛大學(xué)教育研究員莉拉?陳博士指出，這種現(xiàn)象涉及到基礎(chǔ)心理學(xué)：“公開承諾會引發(fā)觀察者效應(yīng)——當(dāng)我們被注視時，我們的行為會有所不同，即使是在虛擬環(huán)境中。它將意志力外化了?！?”可知，直播學(xué)習(xí)之所以有效，是因為它利用了“觀察者效應(yīng)”，即當(dāng)人們被他人（即使是虛擬的）觀察時，行為會發(fā)生變化，從而增強了自律性。故選C項?！?6題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Yetthetrendfacescriticism.“Itrisksreplacingintrinsicmotivationwithperformativestudying,”warnsStanfordpsychologistDr.RajPatel.(然而，這一趨勢也面臨著批評。斯坦福大學(xué)心理學(xué)家拉杰?帕特爾博士警告說：“它有可能用表演性學(xué)習(xí)取代內(nèi)在動機?！?”可知，直播學(xué)習(xí)可能導(dǎo)致內(nèi)在動機被“表演式學(xué)習(xí)”取代，這是一種潛在的負面影響。故選A項?！?7題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Whatsoundslikeinsomnia-driven(失眠驅(qū)動)behaviorisactuallypartofaglobalphenomenon:live-streamedstudysessionsrevolutionizingself-directedlearning.(這聽起來像是由失眠驅(qū)動的行為，實際上卻是一種全球現(xiàn)象的一部分：直播學(xué)習(xí)課程正在徹底改變自主學(xué)習(xí)方式。)”以及后文對直播學(xué)習(xí)的介紹，包括它的用戶增長、起作用的原因、面臨的批評等內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了直播學(xué)習(xí)這一能增強自律性的新學(xué)習(xí)趨勢。故選B項。CBeneaththequietsurfaceofaforestliesabusynetworkscientistscallthe“WoodWideWeb.”Farfrombeingisolated(孤立的)individuals,treescommunicate,shareresources,andevensendwarningsthroughanundergroundsystemoffungi(真菌).Thekeyplayersinthishiddenconversationaremycorrhizalfungi(菌根真菌).Thesethread-likeorganismsconnecttreeroots,formingvastnetworks.ResearchfromtheUniversityofBritishColumbiarevealsthatupto90%oflandplantsdependonthesefungi.Throughthisinterdependentrelationship,treesexchangenutrientslikecarbonandnitrogen.Older“mothertrees”oftenactashubs,sendingextrasugarstoyoungersaplingsstrugglinginshadedareas—aphenomenoncalled“forestfamilyconnections.”Whenunderattack,treesreleasechemicalsignals.A2023studyinNatureEcology&Evolutiondemonstratethatacaciatreesbittenbygiraffesproduceethylene(乙烯)gas.Nearbytreespickupthesechemicalsignalsfromtheairwithinminutesandincreasetannin(鞣酸)production,makingtheirleavesbitterandlesstasty.Similarly,pinetreesattackedbybeetlessendoutwarningsignalsthroughfungalnetworks,pushingneighborstoboostdefensiveresins(樹脂).Notallinteractionsarecooperative.Someplants,liketheghostorchid(蘭花),hackthenetworktostealnutrientsomnearbytreeswithoutofferinganythinginreturn.Otherspecies,suchasblackwalnuttrees,releasetoxins(毒素)torestraincompetitors—astrategycalled“biologicalwarfare”byecologists.Understandingthis“socialnetwork”challengestraditionalviewsofforests.Loggingdominantmothertreescancollapseentireecosystems,muchlikeremovingserversfromtheinternet.Scientistsnowadvocateforselectivecuttingpracticesthatpreservefungalnetworks,ensuringforests’resilience(適應(yīng)力)againstclimatechange.AsauthorPeterWohllebennotesinTheHiddenLifeofTrees,“Forestsaresuper-organismswithintelligencewe’rejustbeginningtodecode.”Thissilentdialoguebeneathourfeetremindsusthatnature’sdeepestconversationsoftenhappenwithoutasingleword.28.Whatmethoddoacaciatreesusetowarnnearbytreesofgiraffefeeding?A.Transmittingelectricalsignalsthroughroots.B.Releasingawarninggasintotheair.C.Increasingsugardistributionviafungalnetworks.D.Producingdefensiveresinsinbark.29.Whatdoes“biologicalwarfare”refertoinparagraph4?A.Usingchemicalstokillinsects. B.Fightingforsunlightthroughheight.C.Releasingpoisonstocontaincompetitors. D.Stealingnutrientsviaundergroundroots.30.Whyshouldmothertreesbepreservedaccordingtoscientists?A.Theymaintainecosystemstability.B.Theysupportyoungertreeswithnutrients.C.Theyconnecttheforest’sfungalnetwork.D.Theyhelpforestsresistclimatechange.31.Whichtitlebestsummarizesthearticle’smainidea?A.AmazingTreeGrowthSpeedRecords B.NewDiscoveriesAboutForestAnimalsC.DangerousChemicalsinForestPlants D.UndergroundCommunicationAmongTrees【答案】28.B29.C30.A31.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文，主要介紹了森林中被科學(xué)家稱為“樹木網(wǎng)絡(luò)”的地下真菌網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)。樹木通過這個系統(tǒng)進行交流、共享資源、發(fā)送警告等，還存在一些非合作的互動情況，并且說明了母樹對于維持生態(tài)系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定的重要性?！?8題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“A2023studyinNatureEcology&Evolutiondemonstratethatacaciatreesbittenbygiraffesproduceethylene(乙烯)gas.Nearbytreespickupthesechemicalsignalsfromtheairwithinminutesandincreasetannin(鞣酸)production,makingtheirleavesbitterandlesstasty(2023年發(fā)表在《自然·生態(tài)與進化》上的一項研究表明，被長頸鹿啃食的金合歡樹會產(chǎn)生乙烯氣體。附近的樹木會在幾分鐘內(nèi)從空氣中接收到這些化學(xué)信號，并增加鞣酸的產(chǎn)生，使它們的葉子變得更苦且口感變差)”可知，金合歡樹被長頸鹿啃食時會產(chǎn)生乙烯氣體，附近的樹木能在幾分鐘內(nèi)從空氣中接收到這些化學(xué)信號，從而增加鞣酸的產(chǎn)生。所以金合歡樹是通過向空氣中釋放乙烯這種警告氣體來提醒附近樹木有長頸鹿在進食，故選B?！?9題詳析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Notallinteractionsarecooperative.Someplants,liketheghostorchid(蘭花),hackthenetworktostealnutrientsomnearbytreeswithoutofferinganythinginreturn.Otherspecies,suchasblackwalnuttrees,releasetoxins(毒素)torestraincompetitors(并非所有的互動都是合作性的。有些植物，比如幽靈蘭花，會利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)從附近的樹木中竊取養(yǎng)分，卻不給予任何回報。其他物種，如黑核桃樹，則會釋放毒素來抑制競爭對手)”可知，像黑胡桃樹這樣的其他物種會釋放毒素來抑制競爭對手，可推理出biologicalwarfare指的是釋放毒素來抑制競爭對手，故選C。【30題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Loggingdominantmothertreescancollapseentireecosystems,muchlikeremovingserversfromtheinternet(砍伐占主導(dǎo)地位的母樹可能會使整個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)崩潰，這就好比從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)中移除服務(wù)器一樣)”可知，砍伐占主導(dǎo)地位的母樹會使整個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)崩潰，就像從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上移除服務(wù)器一樣。這表明母樹對于維持生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定起著關(guān)鍵作用，所以科學(xué)家認為應(yīng)該保護母樹是因為它們能維持生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定，故選A。【31題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Beneaththequietsurfaceofaforestliesabusynetworkscientistscallthe“WoodWideWeb.”Farfrombeingisolated(孤立的)individuals,treescommunicate,shareresources,andevensendwarningsthroughanundergroundsystemoffungi(真菌)(在森林平靜的表象之下，隱藏著一個科學(xué)家稱之為‘伍德廣網(wǎng)’的繁忙網(wǎng)絡(luò)。樹木并非孤立的個體，它們通過地下的真菌系統(tǒng)進行交流、共享資源，甚至發(fā)送警報)”、第三段“A2023studyinNatureEcology&Evolutiondemonstratethatacaciatreesbittenbygiraffesproduceethylene(乙烯)gas.Nearbytreespickupthesechemicalsignalsfromtheairwithinminutesandincreasetannin(鞣酸)production,makingtheirleavesbitterandlesstasty(2023年發(fā)表在《自然·生態(tài)與進化》上的一項研究表明，被長頸鹿啃食的金合歡樹會產(chǎn)生乙烯氣體。附近的樹木會在幾分鐘內(nèi)從空氣中接收到這些化學(xué)信號，并增加鞣酸的產(chǎn)生，使它們的葉子變得更苦且口感變差)”、第五段“Loggingdominantmothertreescancollapseentireecosystems,muchlikeremovingserversfromtheinternet(砍伐占主導(dǎo)地位的母樹可能會使整個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)崩潰，這就好比從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)中移除服務(wù)器一樣)”以及最后一段““Forestsaresuper-organismswithintelligencewe’rejustbeginningtodecode.”Thissilentdialoguebeneathourfeetremindsusthatnature’sdeepestconversationsoftenhappenwithoutasingleword(“森林是超級有機體，其智慧我們才剛剛開始破譯?！蔽覀兡_下的這種無聲對話提醒我們，自然界最深刻的交流往往無需一言半語)”可知，文章開篇就提到森林中存在被稱為“樹木網(wǎng)絡(luò)”的地下真菌網(wǎng)絡(luò)，樹木通過它進行交流、共享資源等，接著具體闡述了樹木之間的各種互動，包括發(fā)出警告、非合作的互動等，整篇文章圍繞著樹木之間的地下交流展開。D選項“UndergroundCommunicationAmongTrees(樹木之間的地下交流)”準(zhǔn)確地概括了本文主題，最適合作為本文標(biāo)題，故選D。DInanagewheresmartphonesgoverndailyroutines,researchersareuncoveringsubtlecognitivetrade-offs(權(quán)衡)associatedwithover-relianceondigitaltools.A2023CambridgeUniversitystudytracking1,200participantsrevealedthathabitualusersofnavigationappsshowed23%weakerspatialmemorycomparedtotraditionalmapreaders.FunctionalMRI(磁共振成像)scansdemonstratedreducedhippocampal(海馬體的)activityinGPS-dependentindividualswhenrecallingroutes,whiletraditionalnavigatorsexhibitedstrongerneuralconnectionsinmemory-relatedregions.Thecognitiveimpactextendsbeyondnavigation.Languagelearnersusingappswithautomatedtranslationfeaturesscored15%lowerinspontaneoussentenceconstructionteststhantextbook-basedpeers,accordingtoaTokyoUniversityexperiment.Dr.EleanorRichards,acognitivescientistatOxford,explains:“Ourbrainsadapttotechnologicalshortcutsbyweakeningunderusedneuralpathways—likemusclesatrophy(萎縮)withoutexercise.”Thisawarenesshassparkedcounter-movementsinbotheducationandcorporatesectors.Germany’sTechSphereGmbH,asoftwaredevelopmentcompany,implemented“AnalogFridays”in2022,requiringemployeestousepapernotebooksandphysicalwhiteboardseveryFriday.Post-implementationsurveysshoweda19%increaseinmeetingparticipationand27%reductioninself-reportedmentalfatigue.“We’renotanti-technology,”clarifiesCEOMarkusWeber,“butstrategicseparationhelpsreclaimcognitivebandwidth(認知帶寬).”Similarpolicieshavebeenadoptedby12%ofSiliconValleystartupsasper2023industryreports.Educationalreformsmirrorthisshift.TheUniversityofAmsterdamnowmandates(授權(quán))handwrittenlecturenotesforfirst-yearstudents,resultingin14%higherexamscorescomparedtolaptopusers.StationerymanufacturerMoleskinereported40%growthinplannersalessince2021,with35%purchasedbytechprofessionalsseekingscreen-freeproductivitymethods.Neuroscientistsproposebalancedsolutions.Dr.Richardsadvocates“cognitivezoning(認知分區(qū))”:usingdigitaltoolsfordatastoragewhilereservinganalogmethodsforcriticalthinkingtasks.AsAIintegrationaccelerates,thechallengeliesnotinrejectingtechnology,butindesigninghybridsystemsthatpreserveessentialhumancognitivecapacities.32.WhatdidtheCambridgestudyfindaboutGPSusers?A.Decreasedhippocampalactivity. B.Enhancedmemoryretentionby23%.C.Improvedrouteplanningspeed. D.Strongerneuralconnections.33.WhatpolicydidTechSphereGmbHapply?A.Programsforweeklydigitaltraining. B.Requiredweeklypapertoolsuse.C.Smartphonesbannedinmeetings. D.Screentimeextendedforallowances.34.Whatdoes“cognitivezoning”recommend?A.Restrictingdigitaltoolstoprotecthumancognitivecapacities.B.Prioritizingdatastorageefficiency.C.Distinguishingtasktypesfordigitaloranalogprocessing.D.IncreasingAIintegrationspeed.35.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsdigitaltools?A.Critical. B.Supportive. C.Objective. D.Unfavorable.【答案】32.A33.B34.C35.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是過度依賴數(shù)字工具對人類認知能力的影響，以及如何通過平衡使用數(shù)字與傳統(tǒng)工具來保護大腦功能。【32題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“FunctionalMRIscansdemonstratedreducedhippocampalactivityinGPS-dependentindividualswhenrecallingroutes,whiletraditionalnavigatorsexhibitedstrongerneuralconnectionsinmemory-relatedregions.(功能性磁共振成像顯示，依賴GPS的人在回憶路線時海馬體活動減少，而傳統(tǒng)導(dǎo)航者在記憶相關(guān)區(qū)域表現(xiàn)出更強的神經(jīng)連接。)”可知，劍橋大學(xué)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，GPS用戶的海馬體活動減少。故選A項?！?3題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Germany’sTechSphereGmbH,asoftwaredevelopmentcompany,implemented“AnalogFridays”in2022,requiringemployeestousepapernotebooksandphysicalwhiteboardseveryFriday.(德國軟件開發(fā)公司TechSphereGmbH在2022年實施了“模擬星期五”政策，要求員工每周五使用紙質(zhì)筆記本和實體白板。)”可知，TechSphereGmbH實施了“模擬星期五”政策，要求員工每周五使用紙質(zhì)工具。故選B項?！?4題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)尾段中的“Neuroscientistsproposebalancedsolutions.Dr.Richardsadvocates“cognitivezoning(認知分區(qū))”:usingdigitaltoolsfordatastoragewhilereservinganalogmethodsforcriticalthinkingtasks.(神經(jīng)科學(xué)家提出了平衡的解決方案。理查茲博士提倡“認知分區(qū)”：使用數(shù)字工具進行數(shù)據(jù)存儲，同時保留模擬方法用于批判性思維任務(wù)。)”可知，“認知分區(qū)”建議區(qū)分任務(wù)類型進行數(shù)字或模擬處理。故選C項。【35題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，尤其是尾段中的“AsAIintegrationaccelerates,thechallengeliesnotinrejectingtechnology,butindesigninghybridsystemsthatpreserveessentialhumancognitivecapacities.(隨著人工智能整合的加速，挑戰(zhàn)不在于拒絕技術(shù)，而在于設(shè)計能夠保留人類核心認知能力的混合系統(tǒng)。)”可知，作者并未完全否定數(shù)字工具，而是強調(diào)需要設(shè)計混合系統(tǒng)來保護人類的認知能力，表明其態(tài)度是客觀的。故選C項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Ifyou’realwaystrappedinemotionmanagement,youcantrytotakechargeofyouremotionswithscience-backedtricks.____36____Forexample,simpleactionslikestandingtallorschedulingworrytimetrainyourmindtostaybalanceddaily.·Trythe10-secondactionrule.Whenangerhits,forceyourselftowhisper—thisphysicallyrelaxesyourthroatandtricksyourbrain’sfearcenterintocalmingdownwithinseconds.____37____Studiesshowholdingthisposefor2minutescutsstresshormonesfasterthan10minutesofmeditation.·____38____Treatyourmindlikeabankaccount.Schedule15dailyminutesas“worrytime”—writedownfearsinanotebookandcloseitwhendone.Rewardsmallwinswith“joybreaks”:dancetoonesongoreatasquareofchocolate.Harvardfoundthisreducesimpulsivedecisionsby34%becausestructuredlimitsstopendlessoverthinking.·Turnstressintoagame.____39____Oneexampleatwork,createa“calmscorecard”:+5pointsforpoliteemailreplies,-3forsnapping.MITresearchshowsgamesusingthismethodhad41%lowerstressthanthoseusingtraditionaltherapy.____40____A.Trainyourmoodwithgames.B.Planyourfeelingslikemoney.C.Ifanxious,standlikeasuperhero:legsapart,handsonhips.D.Playfulnesstricksyourbrainintoseeingchallengesasfunpuzzles.E.Nexttimetrafficangersyou,imaginedriversarevideogamecharacters.F.Thesequickmethods,testedbyresearchers,helpmanagefeelingswithouttrouble.G.Stanfordfoundthistriggerstemporaryemotionalnumbness,helpinglogicalthinking.【答案】36.F37.C38.B39.D40.E【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了一些借助科學(xué)方法來管理情緒的實用技巧。【36題詳析】上文“Ifyou’realwaystrappedinemotionmanagement,youcantrytotakechargeofyouremotionswithscience-backedtricks.(如果你總是陷入情緒管理的困境，你可以嘗試用有科學(xué)依據(jù)的技巧來控制自己的情緒。)”提到可以用科學(xué)技巧控制情緒，下文“Forexample,simpleactionslikestandingtallorschedulingworrytimetrainyourmindtostaybalanceddaily.(例如，像站直或安排擔(dān)憂時間這樣簡單的行為可以訓(xùn)練你的大腦每天保持平衡。)”舉例說明具體的行為，F(xiàn)選項“Thesequickmethods,testedbyresearchers,helpmanagefeelingswithouttrouble.(這些由研究人員測試過的快速方法，有助于毫不費力地管理情緒。)”中的“Thesequickmethods”指代上文的