十六Unit5ReadingandThinking

\w基礎(chǔ)全面練〃/

i.單詞拼寫

1.Therewerecallsformajor（主要的）changestothesystem.

2.Rightnow,alittlemorethan7.3billion（十億）peoplesharethe

planet.

3.Astimegoesby,Ihavechangedmyattitude（態(tài)度）andIeventhink

sheislovely.

4.Afterthreeyearsofstudy,shehasagoodcommandofthedialect（方言）

here.

5.Wouldyoupleasetellmethespecific（確切的）timeoftheprogramand

howlongitwilllast?

6.Iaminterestedinnationalaffairs（事務(wù)）andtakegreatinterestin

journalism.

7.TheEiffelTower,whichisabout320metershigh,isthesvmbol（象征）

ofParis.

8.1feelgladtointroducethestudyofChineseclassics（名著）inourschool.

9.MyfatherwillwritesomecopiesoftheChinesecharacter（漢字）“Fu〃，

meaninggoodluck.

10.Weshouldconsiderlotsoffactors(因素)whenchoosingauniversity.

n.單句語法填空

1.Thereisagreatdifferenceinattitudesto/towardswhatoneeats

betweentherichandthepoor.

2.Thenewlawdidn'trefertolandusedforfarming.

3.1reallyappreciatehaving(have)achancetostudywithyouabroad.

4.I'dappreciateitifyoucouldletmeknowinadvancewhetherornotyou

willcome.

5.WewillvisitMenciusTemple,dating(date)backtoSongDynasty.

6.ThisiswhyIwanttomajorinChineseculture.

7.Doingexerciseregularlyisofimportancetimportant)toyourhealth.

8.Hopeeveryonecanjoininourglobal(globe)low-carbonprojecttomake

ourworldabetterplacetolive.

9.You'llbeabletochoosearoombased(base)onyourownpersonal

tastes.

10.Thereweremanyyarieties(variety)offruit:pears,apples,and

lotsmoreIjustcan'tthinkof.

m.完成句子

1.Nomatterhowlateitis,hismotherisalwayswaitingforhim.

不管有多晚，他母親總是等著他。

2.ThiswasatimewhenTom'smothergotangryveryeasily.

有一段時期，湯姆的媽媽很容易生氣。

3.I'dappreciatevourwritingmebackassoonaspossible.

你盡早回信我將感激不盡。

4.ItisknowntousthatJacksonisregardedasoneofthemostfamous

musicians.

眾所周知，杰克遜被認(rèn)為是最著名的音樂人之一。

5.AsChinaplavsamoreandmoreimportantroleinglobalaffairs,itis

veryimportantforustohaveagoodknowledgeofChinese.

隨著中國在國際事務(wù)中扮演著越來越重要的角色，學(xué)好漢語對我們來

說非常重要。

6.Accordingtothesurvey,thepeopleagainsttheplanwereinthe

maioritv.

根據(jù)調(diào)查，反對這個計劃的人占多數(shù)。

------\\\綜合應(yīng)用練〃/------

I.閱讀理解

A

（2021?濟(jì)寧高一檢測）

Learningasecondlanguageistoughatanyage.Now,

inanewstudy,scientistshavefoundouttheexactage

afterwhichyourchancesofreachingfluency（流利）ina

secondlanguageseemtoplummet:10.

ThestudypublishedinthejournalCognition,foundthatit's"nearly

impossible"forlanguagelearnerstoreachnative-level（母語水平）fluency

iftheystartlearningasecondlanguageafterage10.“Itturnsoutyou're

stilllearningfast,"saysstudyco-authorJoshuaHartshorne."It'sjustthat

yourunoutoftime,becauseyourabilitytolearnstartsdroppingat

around17or18yearsold,"Peoplewhostartafewyearsafterage10may

stillbecomequitegoodatalanguage,theauthorssay,buttheyare

unlikelytobecomefluent.

Kidsmaybebetterthanadultsatlearningnewlanguagesformany

reasons.Children'sbrainsaremoreplasticthanthoseofadults,meaning

they'rebetterabletoadaptandrespondtonewinformation.Kidsmay

alsobemorewillingtotrynewthingsthanadultsare.Theircomparatively

newunderstandingoftheirnativelanguagemayalsobeadvantageous.

Thesefindingsmayseemdiscouraging,butitwasinspiringfor

scientiststolearnthatthekeyperiodforfluentlanguagelearningmightbe

longerthanpreviouslythought.Somescientistsbelievedthatthewindow

beginstocloseshortlyafterbirth,whileothersmadeitlongertovery

earlychildhood.Comparedwiththosejudgments-age17or18—when

languagelearningabilitystartstodropoff—seemsrelativelyold.

Forthisstudy,theresearcherscreatedanonlinetestpromisingto

guesspeople'snativelanguageandhomecountrybasedontheir

responsestoEnglishgrammarquestions.Almost670,000peopletookit,

givingtheresearchershugeamountsofdatafromEnglishspeakersof

manyagesandbackgrounds.Examiningtheresponsesandgrammar

mistakesallowedthemtomakeunusuallyexactjudgmentsaboutlanguage

learning.

【文章大意】文章主要介紹了孩子比成年人更容易學(xué)習(xí)語言的原因。

孩子最好在10歲之前學(xué)習(xí)一門新語言。

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“plummet"inParagraph1mean?

A.Dropsharply.B.Increasegreatly.

C.Appeargradually.D.Doublesuddenly.

【解析】選A。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第一段中''在一項新的研究中，科

學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了你流利掌握第二語言的確切年齡是10歲前，之后掌握語言

的能力似乎會急劇下降?！芍?，畫線詞的意思是〃急劇下降〃，A項符合

題意。故選Ao

2.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudy?

A.Adultstendtoperformbadlyinlearningasecondlanguage.

B.Childrenareatanadvantageinacquiringanewlanguage.

C.Allthesenewfindingsarequitediscouragingforscientists.

D.Peoplehavedifferentkeyperiodsformasteringalanguage.

【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Kidsmaybebetterthanadults

atlearningnewlanguagesformanyreasons可女%由于許多原因，孩子

在學(xué)習(xí)新語言方面可能比成年人更好。由此判斷出孩子在學(xué)習(xí)一門新

語言方面具有優(yōu)勢。故選B。

3.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlyfocuson?

A.Thepurposeofthestudy.

B.Thefindingsofthestudy.

C.Thesubjectofthestudy.

D.Theprocessofthestudy.

【解析】選D。段落大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段可知，最后一段主要是

介紹研究的過程。故選D。

4.What'sthebesttitleofthetext?

A.KidsAreBetteratLearningNewLanguages

B.AdultsCan'tLearnaSecondLanguageWell

C.NeverSayDieWhenLearningaNewLanguage

D.BettertoLearnaNewLanguageBeforeAge10

【解析】選D。主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句可知，現(xiàn)在，在一

項新的研究中，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了你流利掌握第二語言的確切年齡是10歲

前，之后掌握語言的能力似乎會急劇下降。由此可知，本文主要講述了

孩子比成年人更容易學(xué)習(xí)語言，〃最好在10歲之前學(xué)習(xí)一門新語言〃是

合適的標(biāo)題。故選D。

B

（2021?關(guān)B州高一檢測）

InWoodsChan'sclassataHighSchoolinCalifornia,studentschat

witheachotherinSpanish,Arabic（阿拉伯語）andMam,aMayan

languagefromGuatemala.ThestudentshaveonlybeenintheUSforafew

weeksormonths.Manystudentswerefromdifferentcountrieslastyear.

WoodsChanbecameconcernedwhenshestartedhearingthe

Spanish-speakingstudentslaughwhentheirclassmatesspokeMamor

Arabic.

WoodsChancameupwithanidea.Sheaskedherstudentstotake

turnsteachingalittlebitoftheirhomelanguageeachday.Studentstaught

theirpeers（同伴）howtocountfrom1to10,howtointroduce

themselvesandhowtosaybasicphrasesorwordslike,"Cool”.Then,

theyrecordedthemselvessayingthosephrasesinshortvideosandwrote

vocabularywordsonthewhiteboard.

WoodsChansawthedifferenceinherstudents.Shesaidtheygrew

moreconfidentafterseeingtheirownlanguageonthewhiteboardand

hearingitinthevideos.Theystartedmakingfriendswitheachother

acrossculturallines.Otherstudentswhowerenotinthatclasswould

comeinandseesomethingwritteninMamonthewhiteboardandsay,

"Hey,that'sMam!IspeakMam!〃

Theprojectalsohelpedstudentsunderstandtheirpeersbetter.

Orlando,a17-year-oldstudentfromElSalvador,saidheneverknew

ArabicorMamevenexistedbeforehecametotheUSandheardhis

classmatestalk.Now,hethinksitwouldbegoodforallstudentsinhis

schooltolearnalittleoftheirpeers'homelanguage."WhenIfirstgot

here,“hesaidinSpanish,thought,noonetalkslikeme.I'mtheonly

one,andIfeltlonely.Now,Idon'tfeelsobadanymore.

KnowledgeofotherlanguagescanhelpWoodsChan'sstudents

beyondtheclassroom,too.LanguageslikeMamarebecomingmoreand

morecommonintheUS.SomeOaklandgraduateshavegoneonto

becomeMam-Englishinterpreters（匚I譯員）tohelpfillalackofinterpreters

inallkindsofsettings.

【文章大意】這篇文章講述了一位高中老帥WoodsChan讓班里來自不

同國家講不同語言的學(xué)生們當(dāng)小老師教同學(xué)們自己的母語，從而增強(qiáng)

了孩子的自信心，促進(jìn)了學(xué)生之間文化、語言、情感交流的故事。

5.WhatmadeWoodsChanthinkoftheidea?

A.Herstudentsmakingfunofanother'slanguage.

B.Herstudentshardlyusingtheirhomelanguage.

C.Herstudentsbeinginterestedinlearninganewlanguage.

D.Herstudentshavingdifficultycommunicatingwitheachother.

【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知當(dāng)WoodsChan

開始聽到說西班牙語的學(xué)生在聽到他們的同學(xué)說瑪雅語或阿拉伯語時

發(fā)出的笑聲時，她開始擔(dān)心起來?？芍猈oodsChan的學(xué)生嘲笑別人的

語言使她想到了這個主意。故選A。

6.Whatwasthestudentsfeelingofseeingtheirhomelanguagewrittenon

theboard?

A.Angrybutaccepting.

B.Excitedandproud.

C.Puzzledbutsupportive.

D.Relaxedandcreative.

【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知，其他沒有上過

這門課的學(xué)生會進(jìn)來，看到白板上用Mam語寫的東西，然后說：〃嘿,

那是Mam語！我說Mam語！〃可推知學(xué)生很興奮。由此可知，學(xué)生們看

到自己的母語寫在白板上感覺興奮和自豪。故選B。

7.WhateffectdidWoodsChan'sprojecthaveonOrlando?

A.Itmadehimfeellesslonelyatschool.

B.Itencouragedhimtogetajobasaninterpreter.

C.Ithelpedhimunderstandhishomelanguagebetter.

D.Itenabledhimtoworkbetterinforeignlanguageclasses.

【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句〃我想沒有人像我這

樣說話。我感到很孤獨，現(xiàn)在，我不再感覺那么糟糕了。〃可知，Woods

Chan的項目讓Orlando在學(xué)校里不那么孤單了。故選A。

8.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Schoolisnottheonlyplacetolearn.

B.AllWoodsChan'sstudentsarelanguageteachers.

C.WoodsChanrespondstoherstudents'needsquickly.

D.Languageisnotabarriertocommunication.

【解析】選B。主旨大意題。這篇文章講述了一位高中老師WoodsChan

讓班里來自不同國家講不同語言的學(xué)生們當(dāng)小老師教同學(xué)們自己的母

語，從而增強(qiáng)了孩子的自信心，促進(jìn)了學(xué)生間文化、語言、情感交流的

故事。故B選項"WoodsChan的所有的學(xué)生都是語言老師〃符合文章標(biāo)

題。故選B。

【長難句分析】

WoodsChanbecameconcernedwhenshestartedhearingthe

Spanish-speakingstudentslaughwhentheirclassmatesspokeMamor

Arabic.

分析：本句是一個復(fù)合句。句子的主干為WoodsChanbecame

concerned;句中whenshestartedhearingtheSpanish-speakingstudents

laugh為時間狀語從句，修飾主句；whentheirclassmatesspokeMamor

Arabic為時間狀語從句，修飾theSpanish-speakingstudentslaugho

翻譯：當(dāng)她開始聽到西班牙語的學(xué)生因他們的同學(xué)說瑪雅語或者阿拉

伯語而大笑時,WoodsChan開始變得擔(dān)心起來。

n.完形填空

（2021?盤錦高一檢測）

SometimesIthoughtIwasagoodmom.Sometimes,IfeltlikeI

spentthedaynagging（嘮叨不休）mykidsratherthan]them,

especiallymystrong-willedson.2afamilyget-togethertaughtme

animportant3.

Mysonwastenatthetimeandwewereonalatenightfamilycar

triptoClevelandfortheget-togetherthenextday.Iwastakingmyturnat

thewheelwhilemyhusbandandmysmalldaughter4.Myson,full

ofenergy,waswideawakeinthebackseat.Ineededtostayawake,

too,andIdidn/twantto5theradio,soIaskedhimtotalktome

tohelpkeepmeawake."Sure,Mom,"hesaid,“Whatdoyouwantto

discuss?nItoldhimI'dtalkabout6hewantedtotalkabout./JHow

aboutfrogs（青蛙）？"heasked.Isaidthatwouldbe7,andforthe

nexthourorsowetalkedaboutthe8betweenfrogsandtoads（蟾

蛛），and9—basketballandsoccer.Hewasquite10when

wetalkedaboutKobeBryantandMichaelJordanandhowtheygottobe

sofamous.Nowandthenhewould11,butwe'dcontinuetotalkas

Idrovedownthe12road.

Aboutanhourandahalflater,whenIfinally13,thebright

lightswokeeveryone,andthemagicofourdiscussion14.ButI

knewthatIhadtakenthefirststeptowardchangingabad15habit

withsomeoneIloveverymuch.

【文章大意】作者開車途中為了保持清醒讓兒子不斷地與她交談，這一

路交談也讓作者對兒子有了更多的了解。

1.A.visitingB.knowing

C.takingD.making

【解析】選B。句意：有時候，我覺得我整天對孩子喋喋不休而不了解

他們，尤其是我的意志堅定的兒子。根據(jù)空格前nagging和ratherthan,

可知表示語義上的轉(zhuǎn)折，結(jié)合選項，應(yīng)該是作者整天嘮叨而不是了解

孩子，故選Bo

2.A.OrB.SoC.SinceD.But

【解析】選D。句意：但是，一次家庭聚會給我上了重要的一課。此空

是考查和上句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，上文是不了解孩子，下文的家庭聚會

給了我經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)，讓我知道怎樣了解孩子，故兩句話是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選

Do

3.A.ideaB.planC.lessonD.reason

【解析】選C。teachsb.alesson“給某人上課；教某人經(jīng)驗“，根據(jù)文意,

指的是家庭聚會給了我不一樣的啟示，讓我知道怎樣了解孩子，故選

Co

4.A.learnedB.ateC.exercisedD.slept

【解析】選D。句意：當(dāng)輪到我開車時，我的丈夫和女兒唾著了。根據(jù)

下文wideawake〃清醒的〃以及我和兒子下文的交談，可知其他人唾著

了。故選D。

5.A.moveB.takeC.playD.touch

【解析】選C。句意：我也要保持清醒，而且我不想打開收音機(jī)，所以

我讓兒子和我聊天讓我保持清醒。根據(jù)下文“Iaskedhimtotalktome”,

可知我讓兒子和我聊天，我不想打開收音機(jī)，故選C。

6.A.anyoneB.someone

C.nothingD.anything

【解析】選D。句意：我告訴他可以談?wù)撊魏嗡胝務(wù)摰氖虑椤８鶕?jù)下

文兒子向作者主動提供話題“Howaboutfrogs?〃可知，作者告訴兒子

可以談?wù)撊魏问拢蔬xD。

7.A.luckyB.fine

C.simpleD.dangerous

【解析】選Bo句意：我說可以，然后在接下來的大約一個小時，我們

談?wù)撉嗤芎腕钢氲膮^(qū)別，以及足球和籃球運動。根據(jù)"forthenexthour

orso",他們就這個活題談?wù)摿艘粋€多小時，可知作者同意了兒子的提

議，故選Bo

8.A.studiesB.rules

C.differencesD.competitions

【解析】選Co根據(jù)空格后介詞短語betweenfrogsandtoads〃青蛙和蟾

蛛”這個定語，以及生活常識，可知空格處名詞應(yīng)該是differences,指

〃青蛙和蟾蛛的區(qū)別〃，故選C。

9.A.tasksB.sports

C.showsD.programs

【解析】選B。根據(jù)破折號后basketballandsoccer,可知破折號前名詞

是運動，故選B。

10.A.interestedB.surprised

C.angryD.sorry

【解析】選A。句意：當(dāng)談到科比?布萊恩特和邁克爾?喬丹以及他們是

怎樣成名的時候，他很感興趣。根據(jù)上下文語境，既然兒子主動談?wù)撨\

動話題，肯定對于球星是很感興趣的。故選A。

11.A.stayB.stopC.watchD.leave

【解析】選B。句意：他有時會停下來，但是行駛在漆黑的路上時，我

們還會繼續(xù)交談。根據(jù)下文中的continue"繼續(xù)〃，可知此處是stop〃停

止”，故選B。

12.A.darkB.main

C.wideD.beautiful

【解析】選A。根據(jù)上文中“onalatenight〃可知作者開夜車，行駛在漆

黑的路上，故選A。

13.A.passedB.followed

C.finishedD.arrived

【解析】選D。句意：一個半小時后，當(dāng)終于到達(dá)的時候，亮光照醒了

大家，我們交談的魔力也消失了。根據(jù)下文"brightlightswokeeveryone",

亮光讓大家醒過來，可推斷，作者到達(dá)了目的地，故選D。

14.A.workedB.continued

C.disappearedD.changed

【解析】選C。根據(jù)下文“但是我邁出了第一步〃。由but可知此句與空

格所在句的句意是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選C。

15.A.readingB.listening

C.livingD.driving

【解析】選B。句意：但是我知道我已經(jīng)邁出了第一步，去改變和我非

常愛的人之間的糟糕的傾聽習(xí)慣。作者在文章開頭描述了"naggingmy

kidsratherthanknowingthem,",自己通常是喋喋不休而不了解孩子，經(jīng)

過一路上和兒子交談，傾聽兒子后，對兒子有了進(jìn)一步的了解，所以作

者以后會改變自己的傾聽習(xí)慣，故選Bo

m.閱讀填句

（2021?保定高一檢測）

Therearefivekeystosuccessinlearningaforeignlanguage.

Spendthetime.

Byfarthemostimportantfactorishowmuchtimeyouare

immersed（浸入）inthelanguage.]Thismeansspendingtime

enjoyablyconnectedtothelanguageyouarelearning.

Listenandreadeveryday.

ListenwhereveryouareonyourMP3player.2Listentoand

readthingsthatyoulike,thingsthatyoucanmostlyunderstand,or

evenpartlyunderstand.Ifyoukeeplisteningandreading,youwillget

usedtothelanguage.Onehouroflisteningorreadingismoreeffective

thanmanyhoursofclasstime.

3

Buildupyourvocabulary;you'llneedlots.Starttonoticewordsand

howtheycometogetherasphrases.Learnthesewordsandphrases

throughyourlisteningandreading.Graduallyyouwillbeabletousethem.

Donotworryabouthowaccuratelyyouspeakuntilyouhaveaccumulated

plentyofwordsthroughlisteningandreading.

Takeresponsibilityforyourownlearning.

Ifyoudonotwanttolearnthelanguage,youwon't.4Donot

waitforsomeoneelsetoshowyouthelanguage,nortotellyouwhatto

do.Discoverthelanguagebyyourself,likeachildgrowingup.

5

Donotworryaboutwhatyoucannotremember,orcan'tyet

understand.Itdoesnotmatter.Youarelearningandimproving.The

languagewillgraduallybecomeclearerinyourbrain,butthiswill

happenonaschedulethatyoucan'tcontrol.Sojustmakesureyouspend

enoughtimeonthelanguage.Thatisthegreatestguaranteeofsuccess.

A.Focusonwordsandphrases.

B.Readwhatyouarelisteningto.

C.ChatwithothersinthelanguageontheInternet.

D.Ifyoudowanttolearnthelanguage,takecontrol.

E.Relaxandmakesureofthetimespentonthelanguage.

F.Themoretimeyouspendonthelanguage,thefasteryouwilllearn.

G.Therearehundredsofeasyconversationsforyoutopracticespeaking.

【文章大意】文章主要就如何學(xué)好一門語言提出了幾條建議。

1.【解析】選Fo這段主要講了在學(xué)習(xí)一種外語上投入時間。根據(jù)上

文內(nèi)容可知到目前為止，最重要的因素是你在語言中投入了多少K間。

故F項（你在語言上花費的時間越多，你學(xué)將越快。）承接上文，符合題

意。故選Fo

2.【解析】選Bo這段主要講了學(xué)習(xí)語言還要每天練習(xí)聽與讀。根據(jù)

上文內(nèi)容〃無論你在哪里使用MP3都可以聽。〃以及下文內(nèi)容可知聽和

讀你喜歡的東西，你大部分能理解的東西，甚至部分能理解的東西。故

B項（Readwhatyouarelisteningto.讀你正在聽的內(nèi)容。）承上啟下，符

合題意。故選Bo

3.【解析】選A。根據(jù)下文“擴(kuò)大你的詞匯量，你會需要很多詞匯量的。

開始注意單詞，以及它們是如何組合成短語的。〃并分析本段可知，這

段主要講了要建立自己的詞匯庫。故A項（Focusonwordsandphrases

注重單詞和短語）能夠概括本段主旨，符合題意。故選A。

4.【解析】選D。根據(jù)上文〃如果你不想學(xué)這門語言，你就不會學(xué)?！?/p>

以及下文〃不要等待別人向你展示語言，也不要等待別人告訴你該怎么

做。〃可知D項（如果你真想學(xué)這門語言，那就掌握主動權(quán)）承上啟下，符

合題意。故選Do

5.【解析】選E。根據(jù)下文'‘不要擔(dān)心你記不起來或還不能理解的事情。

這不重要。你正在學(xué)習(xí)和提高。語言會逐漸在你的大腦中變得更清晰,

但這會在你無法控制的時間表上發(fā)生?！芍?，只要確保你有足夠的時

間學(xué)習(xí)這門語言就行了。那是成功的最大保證。故E項（放松并確?；?/p>

時間在這門語言上。）能夠概括本段大意。故選E。

語法填空

（2021?池州高一檢測）

TheEnglishlanguageismadeupofthegrammarandvocabularythat

peoplebroughttoBritain.Thatis1.Englishhassomanydifficult

rulesthatmakepeople2.（confuse）.

OldEnglishconsistedofamixtureoftheirlanguages.3.

fromplacenamessuchasLondon,veryfewCelticwordsbecamepartof

OldEnglish.WhenwespeakEnglishtoday,wesometimesfeelpuzzled

aboutwhichwordsorphrasestouse.ThisisbecauseEnglishhasmany

wordsandphrasesfromdifferentlanguages,butwithsimilar4.

(meaning).

MiddleEnglishisthename5.(give)totheEnglishused

fromaroundthe12thtothe15thcenturies.Manythingsplayedapartin

thedevelopmentofthisnewtypeofEnglish.Themostimportant6.

(contribute)wasfromtheNormans.However,theNormanConquestdid

notaffectEnglishasmuchastheAnglesandtheSaxons'victoryabout600

yearsearlier;whichledtoOldEnglishreplacingCeltic.Itisinteresting

tolearnhowthewords7.animalsandmeatdeveloped.

ModernEnglishappearedduringtheRenaissanceinthe16thcentury.

Ofcourse,thiswasnottheendofthechangesintheEnglishla