非謂語動詞的前世今生TheNon-finiteForms

oftheVerb一、什么是非謂語？話說英語國家的人民，曾立下一個flag：Hescratcheshisfoot.主語謂語賓語他摳腳。非謂語句子動詞以“.”為標準謂語非謂語皇上皇后三千佳麗tododoingdone非謂語定義：

在有謂語、沒連詞，沒從句的情況下，如果句子里出現(xiàn)了第二個動詞，那就把他叫做非謂語。二.非謂語動詞里都有哪些人物角色？非謂語的3種基本形式及其功能1.todo表目的表將來2.doing表進行表主動3.done表被動表完成1.Hesatthere，readinganewspaper.

2.Themoneyraisedyesterdaywillbesenttotheearthquakearea.

3.Togetgoodgrades,shestudieshard.

01號人物：動詞不定式（todo）

非謂語的扛把子，形式多用途多身份多

在句子里可充當主、賓、表、定、狀、補。不定式主動被動一般式todo主動，將來tobedone被動，將來進行式tobedoing主動，進行完成式tohavedone主動，完成tohavebeendone被動，完成判斷下列不定式在句中做什么成分

1.Tohelpothersisgood.2.Iwanttosleep.3.Ourdutyistocleantheroons.4.Heisthefirstguesttoarrive.5.IreviseEnglishtogetgoodmarks.6.IwantyoutocomeChina.主語賓語表語定語目的狀語賓補02號人物：（v-ing）動名詞或現(xiàn)在分詞一對長相完全相同，個性迥異的雙胞胎。

動名詞在句中可充當主、賓、表、定，同位語

現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作定、表、狀、補v-ing主動被動一般式doing主動，進行beingdone被動，進行完成式havingdone主動，完成havingbeendone被動，完成判斷下列v-ing動名詞在句中做什么成分1.Eatingapplesisgoodforus.2.Ienjoysingingsongs.3.Seeingisbeliving.4.Thisisareadingroom.5.Myjob，feedinganimals，isveryinterseting.主語賓語表語定語同位語判斷下列v-ing現(xiàn)在分詞在句中做什么成分1.Themansittingthereismyfather.2.Thestoryisinteresting.3.Arrivingatthecinema,wefoundthefilmhadbeenover.4.Ifoundhimlyingonthegrass.定語表語時間狀語賓補03號人物：過去分詞（v-pp）為人低調(diào)，只有一種形式，與現(xiàn)在分詞是一對好基友；

在句中可充當表、定、補、狀語，

與現(xiàn)在分詞所作成分完全相同。

過去分詞done被動，完成判斷下列過去分詞在句中所做成分1.Iboughtsomepaintedchairs.2.Itisthelanguagespokenbymanypeople.3.Iambored.4.Thecupisbroken.5.Seenfromthehill，thecitylooksbeautiful.6.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom，followedbytwostudents.7.Ithinkthisproblemsettled.定語定語表語表語時間狀語伴隨狀語賓補考點突破考點一非謂語動詞作狀語一、不定式作狀語1．todo作目的狀語=soastodo/inordertodo，但soasto不置于句首“為了”Wewillcontinueourcompaigntopreventandcontrolairpollution.2．todo作結(jié)果狀語，常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：

onlytodo(表示意想不到的結(jié)果)；enoughtodo(足夠做……)；too...todo...(太……而不能……)；so/such...astodo...(如此……以至于……)等。Heisoldenoughtodresshimself.3．todo作原因狀語，常用在“主語＋be/feel＋情感形容詞＋todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中。不定式說明產(chǎn)生這種情緒的原因。這類詞有:happy,glad,sorry,anxious,angry,pleased,surprised,astonished,delighted,disappointed等。Iamgladtoseeyou.二、現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語1.動詞-ing作狀語時，表時間、條件、讓步、原因、伴隨、結(jié)果等，表主動或正在進行。Acityistheproductofthehumanhandandmind,reflectingman'sintelligenceandcreativity.Hisparentdied，leavinghimanorphan.三、過去分詞作狀語1.過去分詞做狀語，表時間、條件、讓步、原因、伴隨等，表被動或完成Attractedbythetoy,shedidn’tnoticethecar.2.某些動詞的過去分詞形容詞化，用于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，強調(diào)一種狀態(tài)

如

belost迷路，beseated就座，behidden隱瞞，

belost/absorbedin沉溺于bedressedin穿著betiredof對...厭煩befacedwith面臨，面對belocated/situatedin位于beexposedto接觸beinvolvedin參與

befocuson專注于bedevotedto致力于Absorbedinthebook，hedidn’tnoticemeentertheroom.獨立成分作狀語

?？嫉挠校?/p>

generallyspeaking(tobegeneral)一般來說honestly/roughly/strictlyspeaking老實說/大體說/嚴格說franklyspeaking/tobefrank坦白說judgingfrom/by根據(jù)……來判斷oconsideration/account考慮到……considering/seeing/given...考慮到……totellthetruth/tobehonest說實話tomakethingsworse更糟糕的是Offeredto

save(）考點突破考點二非謂語動詞作定語一、不定式作定語不定式作定語放在所修飾詞之后作后置定語，表示將來的動作。Ihavealotofworktodo.2.序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級，thelast,theonly等后或被這些詞修飾的名詞/代詞后，常用不定式作后置定語。Hewasthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.HeistheonlypersontobelieveinGod.3．被修飾詞是抽象名詞時，常用不定式作后置定語。常見名詞：ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way

等。ThisisachancetoimprovemyoralEnglish.Itisausefulwaytoeliminateplastic.二、分詞作定語1．現(xiàn)在分詞v-ing做定語時，現(xiàn)在分詞與被修飾詞之間為主動

進行關(guān)系：Thelecture，startingat7:00amlastnight，wasfollowedbyadiscussion.2．現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式beingdone做定語時，被修飾詞與分詞之間為被動關(guān)系，且表示正在進行：Thebuildingbeingbuiltisourlibrary.3.過去分詞做定語，分詞與被修飾詞之間為被動關(guān)系，表完成。Theuniversity，foundedin1911，ismyfavoriteuniversity.三、動名詞v-ing作定語表示被修飾詞的某種用途，意義上相當于名詞+for+doing動名詞做定語置于被修飾詞前。sleepingbag=bagforsleepingflyingmachine=machineforflying非謂語動詞作定語的解題思路：表示被動、完成用過去分詞(done)；表示主動、進行用現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)；表示被動、進行用beingdone；表示主動、尚未進行用todo；表示被動、尚未進行用tobedone。試比較：①Todaytherearemoreairplanescarryingmorepeoplethaneverbeforeintheskies.②Thebridgebuiltin2017wasdesignedbyalocalcompany.③Thebridgebeingbuiltnowwasdesignedbyalocalcompany.④Thebridgetobebuiltnextyearwasdesignedbyalocalcompany.

to

catchspentsaying考點突破考點三非謂語動詞作賓補1.常用不定式作賓補的動詞(短語)：

advise,allow,ask,beg請求,cause導(dǎo)致,encourageexpect期望,forbid禁止,force,intend打算,inviteorder,persuade,prefer寧愿,require,remind提醒tell,want,warn,wish,callon號召,depend/relyon依靠，teach，help等Weshouldcallonpeopletoprotect

ourenvironment.2.感官動詞(see，watch，observe，notice，lookat，hear，listento，feel)后的賓補可以是省略to的不定式,do，doing，done。do表示主動和完成（被動句中要還原to）doing表示主動和進行done表示被動和完成Isawhimentertheroom.Hewasseentoentertheroombyme.Isawhimplayingbasketball.Isawhimkilledbyatiger.3.let/make/havesbdosth讓某人做某事Letusgoshopping.4.getsbtodosth讓某人做某事

get/havesbdoing讓某人一直....get/havesthdone使...被...5.leave/keepsb/sthdoingsth讓....一直...6.findsbdoingsth發(fā)現(xiàn)某人一直在做某事findsb/sthdone發(fā)現(xiàn)...被....7.with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：with+賓語+賓補Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhisworkfinished,hegladlyacceptedit.Icouldn'tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoisegoingon.with+賓語doingdonetodo表主動、進行表被動、完成表將來考點突破考點四非謂語動詞作賓語1．只接不定式作賓語的動詞：

decide/determine決定,learn學習,want,expect/hope/wish希望，refuse拒絕,manage設(shè)法做成，care在乎,pretend假裝,offer主動提出,promise承諾,choose選擇,plan計劃；agree同意,ask/beg請求,help幫助，wait等待Idecidetobeafirefighter.2.如果做賓語的不定式有賓補時，常用it作形式賓語，把真正的賓語不定式后置。Ifinditimpossibletochangehermind.3．只接動名詞作賓語的動詞及短語：consider考慮,suggest/advise建議,lookforwardto期待excuse/pardon原諒；admit承認,fancy想要avoid避免,miss錯過deny否認,finish完成,enjoy喜歡appreciate感謝，forbid禁止，avoid避免,imagine想象risk冒險，mind介意,allow/permit允許,escape逃避be/getusedto(習慣于),feellike(想要),insiston(堅持),getdownto(開始認真做某事),devote...to...(致力于……),objectto(反對),stickto(堅持),giveup(放棄)havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsthhavefun(in)doingsth.can’thelpdoing忍不住。Iamconsideringchangingmyplan.4.接不定式與動名詞作賓語意義不同的動詞：(1)trytodo盡力trydoing試著去做

(2)meantodo打算做；meandoing意味著

(3)regrettodo遺憾要去做regretdoing后悔做過

(4)remembertodo記得去做rememberdoing記得做過(5)forgettodo忘記去做forgetdoing忘記做了(6)

stoptodo停下來做另一件事stopdoing停止正在做的事(7)goon/continuetodo繼續(xù)做另一件事

goon/continuedoing繼續(xù)做同一件事5.“疑問詞＋動詞不定式”可以作動詞后的賓語。Iwanttoknowhowtoimprovemywriting.6.當非謂語動詞位于but,except(除了)后時，習慣上要用不定式且當except/but前有實義動詞do及相關(guān)形式時，不定式要省略to；若其前沒有動詞do，則不定式通常帶to。（前有do后無to，前無do后有to）◆Wehadnochoicebuttowait.◆Icoulddonothingexcept/butagree.7.動詞want,need,require作“需要”講時還有，其后要用doing形式的主動形式或不定式的被動式tobedone做賓語Thecomputerneedsrepairing/toberepaired.to

eattryingto

be

discoveredtrying考點突破考點五非謂語動詞作主語和表語1.不定式作主語時，一般表示具體某一次的動作。若不定式太長，常用it作形式主語而將不定式后置。1)It+be+adj+for/ofsbtodosth2)It+be+名詞+forsbtodosth3)It+took/takessb+sometime+todosthItisimporatntforustofindproperlearningmethod.2.動名詞作主語1)動名詞作主語通常表示抽象的或習慣性的動作。也可用it作形式主語，將真正的主語動名詞后置。Smokingisbadforyourhealth.It’snousecomplainingwithouttakingaction.2)常用于動名詞作主語的句型：1)It’sawasteoftime/money/energydoing...做sth浪費時間/金錢/精力2)It’snouse/gooddoing...做sth無用3)Itisuselessdoing...做sth無用4)It’soflittleuse/gooddoing...做sth無用5)Itisworthdoing….值得做某事6)Itisfundoing...做sth有趣3.不定式作表語(1)表示預(yù)定要發(fā)生的動作；(2)當主語是aim,purpose,idea,plan,wish,decision,choice等詞時，常用不定式作表語；(3)主語為what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句時，表語多用不定式。不定式作表語時，如果前面有實義動詞do的形式，作表語的不定式常省略to。Hiswishistobeadoctorinthefuture.WhatIwanttodomostinseniorhighschoolis（to）improvemyEnglish.4.形容詞化的動詞-ing形式和動詞-ed形式也可以做表語。動詞-ing形式意為“令人……的”；動詞-ed形式意為“(人)感到……的”，也可修飾體現(xiàn)內(nèi)心感受的look、expression、tears、smile、voice等名詞。amusing有趣的amused感到有趣的annoying 令人煩惱的annoyed 煩惱的astonishing 令人吃驚的astonished 吃驚的amazing 令人驚奇的amazed 感到驚奇的boring 令人厭倦的bored 厭倦的confusing令人困惑的confused 困惑的encouraging 令人受鼓勵的encouraged 受到鼓勵的discouraging 令人泄氣的discouraged 泄氣的shocking 令人震驚的shocked 震驚的moving 令人感動的moved 感動的disappointing 令人失望的disappointed 失望的frightening 令人害怕的frightened 害怕的inspiring 令人鼓舞的inspired 受到鼓舞的terrifying 令人恐怖的terrified 恐怖的enjoyingto

bargain二、找邏輯主語三、分析語態(tài)四、分析時態(tài)一、辨別“謂與非謂”非謂語動詞解題步驟方法總結(jié)：謂非謂，找主語，析語態(tài)，定時態(tài)找謂謂語非謂語時態(tài)語態(tài)辨態(tài)（主動/被動/目的）1.

Mycousincametoseemefromthecountry,_________

(bring)me

afullbasketoffreshfruits.2._________

(know)morewordsandexpressionsandyouwillfinditeasiertoread

andcommunicate.3.

Daddydidn’tmindwhatweweredoing,aslongasweweretogether,__________(have)fun.4.Fivepeoplewonthe“China’sGreenFigure”award,atitle__________(give)toordinarypeoplefortheircontributionstoenvironmentalprotection.5.She________（give）ittomeandI’llseewhatIcando.非謂語非謂語謂語非謂語謂語辨態(tài)關(guān)聯(lián)詞空前名詞主語被動done1.

Mycousincametoseemefromthecountry,_________

(bring)meafullbasketoffreshfruits.2._________

(know)morewordsandexpressionsandyouwillfindit easiertoread

andcommunicate.3.

Daddydidn’tmindwhatweweredoing,aslongasweweretogether,__________(have)fun.4.Fivepeoplewonthe“China’sGreenFigure”award,atitle__________(give)toordinarypeoplefortheircontributionstoenvironmentalprotection.5.She________（give）ittomeandI’llseewhatIcando.關(guān)聯(lián)詞：緊挨空前無單詞，有符號，有詞但無名詞時均找主語主動having主動Know被動givengives主動doingbringing解題方法SolutionMethods析時之后todo謂語1._______________

(fail)toreachthemonthephone,wesentanemailinstead.關(guān)聯(lián)詞：緊挨空前無單詞，有符號，有詞但無名詞時均找主語主動非謂語非謂語同時doing之前havingdonefail在sent之前Havingfailed特殊todo表目的固定短語搭配1.________

(dress)inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.2.______

(face)withsomuchtrouble,wefailedtocompletethetaskontime.3.____________

(complete)theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.4.________

(make)thiscake,you’llneed2eggs,175gsugarand175gflour.DressedbedressedinFacedbefacedwithTocompleteTomake無需任何分析直接填空解題方法SolutionMethods小練1.________(catch)theearlyflight,weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupveryearly.2.Muchtime________(spend)sittingatadesk,officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.3._____________(absorb)inpainting,Johndidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.TocatchspentAbsorbed4.Children,when______(accompany)bytheirparents,areallowedtoenterthestadium.5.Thereisnogreaterpleasurethanlyingonmybackinthemiddleofthegrassland,__________(stare)atthenightsky.6._______(free)ourselvesfromthephysicalandmentaltensions,weeachneeddeepthoughtandinnerquietness.accompaniedstaringTofree高考鏈接1.(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlong__________(see)thebenefit.2.(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Youcanreduceyourriskof_______(die)earlybyrunning.3.(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice______________(improve)waterquality.(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid______(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeelchallenged.5.(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive___________(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.toseedyingtoimprovelookingtoperform高考鏈接6.(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme__________(stay)andwatch.7.(2018·浙江卷)Istillremember__________(visit)afriendwho’dlivedhereforfiveyearsandIwasshockedwhenIlearntshehadn’tcookedonceinallthattime.8.(2018·浙江卷)Whileregularlyeatingoutseemsto________________(beco