20231月普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試第一部分聽力(30分第一節(jié)(5小題;1.5分,7.5分10WhatwillthespeakersdoVisita B.Pickup C.BuysomeWhoisAndyApublic B.ATV C.AfamousWhatarethespeakerstalkingGiftsfor B.Abaseball C.Thewoman'sWhatwentonatCooper'slastAmovie B.Abirthday C.AsalesWhatproblemdothespeakersTheyarelateforTheygetstuckinTheyhavelosttheir第二節(jié)(15小題:1.5分,22.5分5A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中5秒鐘：聽完后，56.WherearetheA.AtB.AttheC.Atthe7.HowdoesSaraB.C.WhatmadeMissJohnsonchooseteachingasaPressurefromher B.Herpassionforthe C.Ateacher'sWhatdoesMissJohnsonthinkisthebestpartofherBeingwith B.Winningothers' C.LearningdifferentWhatdoesMissJohnsonwantherstudentstoLifelong B.Creative C.GoodWhatdoesBeckylikeaboutlivingwithherTheyhaveabigTheycookmealsforTheypayallherWhatdoesEthansuggestBeckydoregardingherHaveProvideExpressWhyisEthanconcernedabouthisparentslivingontheirTheymayfeelTheymayfailtogetTheymayhavean14WhosespeechdidthewomanlistentothisA.John B.David C.AllanWhatistheworkshopintheafternoonKnowledge B.Risk C.EmployeeWhatdoesthewomansayaboutherItcanbe B.Itistruly C.ItwillbeWhatdothemanandthewomanbothwanttoApplyforanewOffertheirstaffasalaryImprovetheirmanagementWhatdoesthespeakerprobablyShe'samedicalBShe'safitnessC.She'saswimmingWhatisacommonworkoutFocusingonlyonbuildingTakingtoomanytypesofDoingthesameroutinealltheHowoftendoesthespeakersuggestpeopledohardOncea B.Twicea C.Threetimesa第二部分閱讀(50分第一節(jié)(15小題;2.5分,37.5分A、B、C、DExplorersFulldaycampforkidsaged5-Monday-Friday,July8-26,9am-4pm.Week1|July8-12Week2|July15-Week3|July22-RegisterforasingleweekormultipleFees:$365perThelastdaytocancelregistrationandreceiveafullrefund退款isJuneCampThedayisdividedintotwothematicsessionsperagegroup.Campershaveathree-hourmorningclassengagingwithamorningtheme(9amto12noon)andaone-hourlunchbreak,followedbyanotherthree-hourclassengagingwithanafternoontheme(1pmto4pm).Snackperiodsareheldthroughouttheday.Allcampersshouldbringtheirownbaggedlunchandsnacks.CampExplorersCamporganizesengagingarts,historyandscience-relatedactivitiesinevery!class,andfocusesonarangeoftopicsthatemphasizeactivelearning,explorationand,mostofall,fun!Allcampsessionsarecreatedwithage-appropriateactivitiesthataretailoredtothemultiplewaysthatkidslearn.CampCampersenjoyastaff-to-childratiorangingfrom1:4to1:7dependingontheagegroup.Instructorsarepassionateeducatorswhoareexpertsintheirfieldsandhaveundergonetrainingandabackgroundcheck.OnwhichofthefollowingdatescanyoucancelyourregistrationwithafullA.June B.June C.July D.JulyHowarecampersdividedintodifferentA.By B.By C.By D.ByHowmanyhoursofclasswillyouhavealtogetherifyouregisterforasingleA. B. C. D.Livewithroommates?Havefriendsandfamilyaroundyou?Chancesarethatifyou’relookingtoliveamoresustainablelifestyle,noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadytojumponthatbandwagon.IexperiencedthiswhenIstartedswitchingtoazerowastelifestylefiveyearsago,asIwaslivingwithmyparents,andIcontinuetoexperiencethiswithmyhusband,asheisnotcompletelyzerowastelikeme.I’velearnedafewthingsalongthewaythough,whichIhopeyou’llfindencouragingifyou’redoingyourbesttofigureouthowyoucanmakethechangeinanot-always-supportivehousehold.Zerowastewasaradicallifestylemovementafewyearsback.IremembershowingmyparentsavideoofJohnson,sharinghowcoolIthoughtitwouldbetobuygrocerieswithjars,andhavesolittletrash!Afewdayslater,Icamebackwithmyfirstjarsofzerowastegroceries,andmydadcommentedonhowsillyitwasformetocarryjarseverywhere.Itcameoffasabitdiscouraging.Yetasthemonthsofreducingwastecontinued,IdidwhatIcouldthatwaswithinmyownreach.Ihadmyownbedroom,soIworkedonremovingthingsIdidn’tneed.SinceIhadmyowntoiletries(洗漱用品),Iwasabletostartpersonalisingmyroutinetobemoresustainable.Ialsoofferedtocookeverysooften,soIportionedoutabitofthecupboardformyownzerowastegroceries.Perhapsyourhouseholdwon’tentirelymaketheswitch,butyoumayhavesomecontroloveryourownpersonalspacestomakethechangesyoudesire.Asyoumakeyourlifestylechanges,youmayfindyourselfwantingtospeakupforyourselfifotherscommentonwhatyou’redoing,whichcanturnitselfintoawholehouseholddebate.Ifyouhaveindividualswhoarenotonboard,yourwordsprobablywon’tdomuchandcanoftenleaveyoufeelingmorediscouraged.Sohereismyadvice:LeadbyWhatdotheunderlinedwords“jumponthatbandwagon”meaninthefirstShareanapartmentwith B.Joinyouinwhatyou’reC.Transformyourwayof D.HelpyoutomaketheWhatwastheattitudeoftheauthor’sfathertowardbuyinggrocerieswithHedisapprovedof B.HewasfavorabletoC.Hewastolerantof D.Hedidn’tcareaboutWhatcanweinferabouttheSheisquitegoodat B.Sherespectsothers’C.Sheenjoysbeinga D.SheisadeterminedWhatisthetextmainlyHowtogetonwellwithotherfamilyHowtohaveone’sownpersonalspaceatHowtoliveazerowastelifestyleinaHowtocontrolthebudgetwhenbuyingAmachinecannownotonlybeatyouatchess,itcanalsooutperformyouindebate.Lastweek,inapublicdebateinSanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel’sformernationaldebatingchampion.Brilliantthoughitis,ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromitslibraryofandprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadtothekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake.Suchwrinkleswillnodoubtbeironedout,yettheyalsopointtoafundamentalproblem.AsKristianHammond,professorofelectricalengineeringandcomputerscienceatNorthwesternUniversity,putit:“There’sneverastageatwhichthesystemknowswhatit’stalkingabout.”WhatHammondisreferringtoisthequestionof andmeaningiscentraltowhatdistinguishesleastintelligentofhumansfromthemostintelligentofmachines.Acomputerworkswithsymbols.Itsprogramspecifiesasetofrulestotransformonestringofsymbolsintoanother.Butitdoesnotspecifywhatthosesymbolsmean.Indeed,toacomputer,meaningisirrelevant.Humans,inthinking,talking,readingandwriting,alsoworkwithsymbols.Butforhumans,meaningiseverything.Whenwecommunicate,wecommunicatemeaning.Whatmattersisnotjusttheoutsideofastringofsymbols,buttheinsidetoo,notjusthowtheyarearrangedbutwhattheyMeaningemergesthroughaprocessofsocialinteraction,notofcomputation,interactionthatshapesthecontentofthesymbolsinourheads.Therulesthatassignmeaninglienotjustinsideourheads,butalsooutside,insociety,insocialmemory,socialconventionsandsocialrelations.Itisthisthatdistinguisheshumansfrommachines.Andthat’swhy,howeverastonishingProjectDebatermayseem,thetraditionthatbeganwithSocratesandConfuciuswillnotendwithartificialintelligence.WhydoestheauthormentionNoaOvadiainthefirstToexplaintheuseofasoftwareToshowtheclevernessofProjectTointroducethedesignerofProjectToemphasizethefairnessoftheWhatdoestheunderlinedword“wrinkles”inparagraph2refer B. C. D.WhatisProjectDebaterunabletodoaccordingtoCreate B.ComprehendC.Talk D.IdentifydifficultWhatcanwelearnfromthelastSocialinteractioniskeytounderstandingThehumanbrainhaspotentialyettobeAncientphilosopherssetgoodexamplesforArtificialintelligenceensureshumansabrightAccordingtotheSolarEnergyIndustryAssociation,thenumberofsolarpanelsinstalled安裝)hasgrownrapidlyinthepastdecade,andithastogrowevenfastertomeetclimategoals.Butallofthatgrowthwilltakeupalotofspace,andthoughmoreandmorepeopleaccepttheconceptofsolarenergy,fewlikelargesolarpanelstobeinstallednearthem.Solardeveloperswanttoputuppanelsasquicklyandcheaplyaspossible,sotheyhaven’tgivenmuchthoughttowhattheyputunderthem.Often,they’llendupfillingtheareawithsmallstonesandusingchemicalstocontrolweeds.Theresultisthatmanycommunities,especiallyinfarmingregions,seesolarfarmsasdestroyersofthesoil.“Solarprojectsneedtobegoodneighbors,”saysJordanMacknick,theheadoftheInnovativeSitePreparationandImpactReductionsontheEnvironment(InSPIRE)project.“Theyneedtobeprotectorsofthelandandcontributetotheagriculturaleconomy.”InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto“l(fā)ow-impact”solardevelopmentwhichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertothelandOneoftheeasiestlow-impactsolarstrategiesisprovidinghabitatforpollinators(傳粉昆蟲).Habitatloss,pesticideuse,andclimatechangehavecauseddramaticdeclinesinpollinatorpopulationsthepastcoupleofdecades,whichhasdamagedtheU.S.agriculturaleconomy.Over28stateshavepassedlawsrelatedtopollinatorhabitatprotectionandpesticideuse.Conservationorganizationsputoutpollinator-friendlinessguidelinesforhomegardens,businesses,schools,cities—andnowthereareguidelinesforsolarfarms.Overthepastfewyears,manysolarfarmdevelopershavetransformedthespaceundertheirsolarpanelsintoashelterforvariouskindsofpollinators,resultinginsoilimprovementandcarbonreduction.“Thesepollinator-friendlysolarfarmscanhaveavaluableimpactoneverythingthat’sgoingoninthelandscape,”saysWhatdosolardevelopersoftenThedeclineinthedemandforsolarThenegativeimpactofinstallingsolarTherisinglaborcostofbuildingsolarThemostrecentadvancesinsolarWhatdoesInSPIREaimtoImprovetheproductivityoflocalInventnewmethodsforcontrollingMakesolarprojectsenvironmentallyPromotetheuseofsolarenergyinruralWhatisthepurposeofthelawsmentionedinparagraphToconserve B.TorestrictsolarC.Todiversifythe D.ToensurethesupplyofWhichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthePollinators:ToLeaveorto B.SolarEnergy:HopefortheC.InSPIRE:ALeaderin D.SolarFarms:ANew第二節(jié)(5小題;2.512.5分Withgaspricesrisingandairportsecuritylinessnakinglongerthanever,whynotbookyournextdomesticvacationonatrain?Comparedtootheralternatives,it’scomfortableandrelaxing.Hereissomeadviceonhowtomakeatripbyrailaspleasantaspossible.Planahead.Mostlong-distancetrainsespeciallythesleepingcaraccommodations,selloutvery Butnomatterwhenyoutravel,it’sagoodideatomakeyourreservationsatleast90daysinadvance.Useatravelagent.Considerturningyourtravelplanovertoatravelagentandlettinghimdouble-checkallthedetails,makesuggestions,andthenhandletheactualreservations.Agoodonecansometimesfindyoudiscountedtickets. Thenyouwon’thavetowalkthroughseveralcarsonamovingtrainthreetimesadayforyourmeals.Bringablanket.Whenyou’reridingontrains,youwon’tbeprovidedwithablanketforfree,evenifyourtripisanovernightone. Inthesummerinparticular,theairconditioningcanmakethemquitecold.Arriveearly.Mosttrainsoperatejustonceadayandsomerunonlythreetimesaweek,somissingyourscanbeadisaster. Note:Thetimeslistedontheschedulesaredeparturetimes,notarrivaltimes.Havefun. Readabook,knit,doacrosswordpuzzle,orsimplywatchtheworldunfoldoutsidethewindow.Tocalculateyourspeedasyoudo,divide3,600(thenumberofsecondsinanhour)bythenumberofsecondsittakesyoutotravelonemile(thedistancebetweentwomileposts).Ifittakesthetrain53secondstotravelonemile,you’regoing67.92mph.Traintripsaren’tforimpatientYou’llhaveviewsfrombothsidesoftheThetemperatureonrailcarsisoftenhardtoThat’sparticularlytrueduringbusysummerYoumighthavetowaitlongerthan24hourstocatchthenextChancesarethecostwillbealotlessthanthecostofoneHemayalsobookyouinasleepingcarthat’srightnexttothe第三部分語言運(yùn)用(30分第一節(jié)(15小題;115分A、B、C、DThesunwasbeginningtosinkasIsetoffintotheHarennaForest.Iwasonmywayto41auniquehoneyharvest.Here,insouth-eastEthiopia,hand-carvedbeehives(蜂箱)areplacedinthe42.Reachingthemtogetthehoneyisdifficult—andoften43.I44beekeeperZiyadoverawidestretchofgrasslandbeforeenteringathickjungle.Ziyadbeganpreparations.He45handfulsofdamptreeleaves,wrappedthemwithstring,and46thebunchtocreateatorch(火把).Then,withoneendofaropetiedtohiswaistandtheotherendaroundthetrunkofatree,Ziyadbegan47.Hestoppedeveryfewminutestomovethe48higherupthetreetrunk.49,Ziyadgotclosetothehivewhichwasaround20metresabovetheground.Sittingonabranch,he50towardsitandblewsmokefromhistorchintoatinyholeinthehive.Suddenly,Ziyadletoutasharpcry.Withinseconds,he’d51thetrunkandwasbackontheground.Itwastoo52tocollectthehoneyAcoolsummerhaddelayed53.Babybeeswerestillinthehoneycombs(蜂巢).Theadultbeeswere54andkeptattackingasZiyadescapedfromthetree.Hehadtowaitfortheright55togobackup.41.A.B.C.D.42.A.B.C.D.43.A.B.C.D.44.A.B.C.D.45A.B.C.D.46.A.B.C.D.47.A.B.C.D.48.A.B.C.D.49.A.B.C.D.50.A.B.C.D.51.A.cutB.goneC.slidD.held52.A.B.C.D.53.A.B.C.D.54.A.B.C.D.55.A.B.C.D.第三部分語言運(yùn)用(30分)第二節(jié)(10小題:1.5分,15分DuringChina’sdynasticperiod,emperorsplannedthecityofBeijing56arrangedtheresidentialareasaccordingtosocialclasses.Theterm“hutong”,57(original)meaning“waterwell”inMongolian,appearedfirstduringtheYuanDynasty.IntheMingDynasty,thecenterwastheForbiddenCity,58(surround)inconcentric(同心的bytheInnerCityandOuterCity.Citizensofhighersocialclasses59(permit)toliveclosertothecenterofthecircles.Thelargesiheyuanofthesehigh-rankingofficialsandwealthybusinessmenoften60(feature)beautifullycarvedandpaintedroofbeamsandpillars(柱子).Thehutongstheyformedwereorderly,by61(space)homesandwalledgardens.Fartherfromthecenterlivedthecommonersandlaborers.Theirsiheyuanwerefarsmallerinscaleand62(simple)indesignanddecoration,andthehutongswereHutongsrepresentanimportantculturalelementofthecityofBeijing.ThankstoBeijing’slong capitalofChina,almosteveryhutonghasitsstories,andsomeareevenassociatedwithhistoric (event).Incontrasttothecourtlifeandupper-classculturerepresentedbytheForbiddenCity,theSummerPalace,andtheTempleofHeaven,thehutongsreflect cultureofgrassrootsBeijingers.第四部分寫作(40分第一節(jié)(15分.GettingtoKnowthePlantsAround第二節(jié)(25分.Iwasinvitedtoacookoutonanoldfriend’sfarminwesternWashingtonIparkedmycaroutsidethefarmandwalkedpastamilkinghousewhichhadapparentlynotbeenusedinmanyyears.Anoiseatawindowcaughtmyattention,soIenteredit.Itwasahummingbird(蜂鳥),desperatelytryingtoescape.Shewascoveredinspider-webs(蛛網(wǎng))andwasbarelyabletomoveherwings.SheceasedherstruggletheinstantIpickedherup.Withthebirdinmycuppedhand,Ilookedaroundtoseehowshehadgottenin.Thebrokenwindowglasswasthelikelyanswer.Istuffedapieceofclothintotheholeandtookheroutside,closingthedoorsecurelybehindme.WhenIopenedmyhand,thebirddidnotflyaway;shesatlookingatmewithherbrighteyes.Iremovedthestickyspider-websthatcoveredherheadandwings.Still,shemadenoattempttofly.Perhapsshehadbeenstrugglingagainstthewindowtoolongandwastootired?Ortoothirsty?AsIcarriedheruptheblackberry-linedpathtowardmycarwhereIkeptawaterbottle,shebegantomove.Istopped,andshesoontookwingbutdidnotimmediatelyflyaway.Hovering懸停),sheapproachedwithinsixinchesofmyface.Foraverylongmoment,thistinylookedintomyeyes,turningherheadfromsidetoside.ThensheflewquicklyoutofDuringthecookout,Itoldmyhostsaboutthehummingbirdincident.Theypromisedtofixthewindow.AsIwasdeparting,myfriendswalkedmetomycar.Iwasstandingbythecarwhenahummingbirdflewtothecenterofourgroupandbeganhovering.Sheturnedfrompersontopersonuntilshecametome.Sheagainlookeddirectlyintomyeyes,thenletoutasqueakingcallandwasgone.Foramoment,allwerespeechless.Thensomeonesaid,“Shemusthavecometosaygoodbye.”150Afewweekslater,IwenttothefarmIwasjustabouttoleavewhenthehummingbird20241（30分（51.57.5分例：HowmuchistheA. B. C.WhatdoesthemanAcomputer B.Ahotel C.AshopWheredoestheconversationtakeAtthe B.Atthe C.AttheHowdidthespeakercometoBy B.By C.ByWhatwillthespeakershavefordinnerFried B. C.HowisSophiefeeling B. C.（151.522.5分5A、B、C三個55秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。66、7題。WhatdoesthemanwanttodobeforePosta B.Makea C.WriteanWhosebirthdayis B. C.78、9WhatcoursedoesProfessorBrooksPublic B.European C.EnglishWhydoesVickycometotalkwithProfessorTosignupforhisToaskforamake-upTodiscussher81013WhatdoesLindadoforplaysandShegivesactorsSheassignsrolestoShedesignsactors’WhatdoesLindaneedtoThesettingoftheThedecorationoftheThenamesoftheWhodoesLindareportherworkThe B.The C.TheWhatdoesLindasayaboutherItpaysverywell. B.Itrequiresteameffort. 91417WhatdoesKevinthinkofabstractIthaslastingartisticItmakeslittlesensetoItappealsmainlytoWhatimpressiondidthefirstpaintinggivethe B. C.Whatcolorwasusedforthebackgroundinthesecond B. C.WhatwillKevinprobablydothisAttendanart B.Visitan C.Buyanabstract101820WhatcausedtheclosureofPittwaterAfallen B.Aflooded C.AcarWhathappenedatTownHallApoliceofficergotApassengerwentThestationroofwasWhatareroadusersadvisedtoDriveatlow B.Postponetheir C.Followtraffic（50分第一節(jié)（152.537.5分TomSawyerPlayIsanA35-minutehand-clapping,foot-stompingmusicalversionofaMarkTwainfavoritereturnswiththisTallStacksfestival.“TomSawyer:ARiverAdventure”hasallthegoodstuff,includingthefencepainting,thegraveyard,theislandandthecave.ItisadaptedbyJoeMcDonough,withmusicbyDavidKisor.That’sthelocalstagewritingteamthatcreatesmanyoftheChildren’sTheatreofCincinnati’soriginalmusicals,alongwiththeholidayfamilymusicalsatEnsembleTheatre.ThisyearNathanTurnerofBurlingtonisTomSawyer,andRobbieMcMathofFortMitchellisHuckFinn.Turner,a10th-graderatSchoolforCreativeandPerformingArts,isafamiliarpresenceonCincinnati’sstages.HeisastaractorofChildren’sTheatre,havingplayedleadingrolesin“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”and“TheWizardofOz.”andisfreshfromJerseyProductionMcMathisajunioratBeechwoodHighSchool.Hewasinthecastof“TomSawyer”whenitwasfirstperformedandisaChildren’sTheatreregular,withfiveshowstohiscredit.ThissummerheattendedKentucky’sGovernor’sSchoolfortheArtsinMusicalTheatre.Notetoteachers:Children’sTheatrehasastudyguidedemonstratinghowmathandsciencecanbetaughtthrough“TomSawyer.”Fordownloadablelessons,visittheofficialwebsiteofChildren’sTheatre.Whowrotethemusicfor“TomSawyer:ARiverDavid B.JoeC.Nathan D.RobbieWhatcanwelearnaboutthetwoTheystudyinthesame B.TheyworkedtogetherinC.Theyareexperiencedon D.TheybecamefriendstenyearsWhatdoesChildren’sTheatreprovideforResearch B.TrainingC.Technicalsupport. D.Educationalresources.Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedatelephonebox?Imeantomakeanactualphonecall—nottoshelterfromtherainAgesago,right?ThelasttimeIusedaphoneboxforitsintendedpurposewas...2006.Iwasconductingauditions試演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.Hopingtoimpresssometalentedactorstocomeandworkformefornothing,Ispreadsomethrowsoverthesofasandlitcandlestomakeitseemabitmore“youngprofessional”.AsIrushedoutdoorstoemptythewastepaperbaskets,thedoorswungshutbehindme.SuddenlyIwaslockedoutside.Mymobilephonewasinside,butluckilytherewasatelephoneboxacrossthestreet.So,IcalledDirectoryAssistance,gotputthroughtoourlandlady’smanagingagent,andhadasparekeysenttomewithjustenoughtimetogetbadinbeforetheactorsarrived.AsithasbeenmanyyearssinceIlastusedone,Ishouldhardlybesurprisedthattherearenolongeranypublictelephonesnearmyhouse.Thelastonestandinghasjustbeenturnedintoa“minicommunitylibrary”:anypasser-bycan“borrow”abookfromitsshelves,andreturnitorreplaceitwithanothertitlefromtheirownForafewmonthsafterthe“l(fā)ibrary”opened,Ididn’tbothertakingalook,asIhadassumedthatitwouldbestuffedfullofcheesylovestories.ThenInoticedfolkconductingspringcleansdroppingboxesofvoluminousbooksonvarioussubjectsthere.Andthesebookswerefree.Thisunbeatableprice-pointencouragedmetoexperimentwithdozensoftitlesthatIwouldnevernormallyconsiderbuying.AndI’vediscoveredsomegreatbooks!IfIevergettrappedoutsidemyhouseagain,mylocaltelephoneboxwill,sadly,nolongerbeabletoconnectmewithmykeys.ButitcancertainlykeepmeentertainedwhileIwaitformywifetorescueme.Whatdoestheword“it”underlinedinthefirstparagraphreferThe B.ThesharedC.The D.ThetelephoneWhydidtheauthorusethetelephoneboxinToplaceanurgent B.ToputupaC.Toshelterfromthe D.ToholdanWhatdoweknowaboutthe“minicommunityItprovidesphoneservicefor B.AnyonecancontributetoitsC.Itispopularamongyoung D.BooksmustbereturnedwithinaWhydidtheauthorstarttousetheHewantedtoborrowsomeloveHewasencouragedbyacloseHefoundtherewereexcellentfreeHethoughtitwasanidealplaceforOnSeptember7,1991,thecostliesthailstorm雹暴)inCanadianhistoryhitCalgary’southernsuburbs.Asaresult,since1996agroupofinsurancecompanieshavespentabout$2millionperyearontheAlbertaHailSuppressionProject.Airplanesseedthreateningstormcellswithachemicaltomakesmallicecrystalsfallasrainbeforetheycangrowintodangeroushailstones.Butfarmersineast-centralAlberta—downwindofthehailprojectflights—worrythatpreciousmoisture(水分)isbeingstolenfromtheirthirstylandbythecloudseeding.NormanStienwand,whofarmsinthatarea,hasbeenaddressingpublicmeetingsonthisissueforyears.“Basically,theprovincialgovernmentisJettingtheinsurance,companiesprotecttheCalgary-Edmontonurbanareafromhail,”Mr.Stienwandsays,“butthey’reincreasingdroughtriskasfareastasSaskatchewan.”TheAlbertahailprojectismanagedbyTerryKrauss,acloudphysicistwhoworksforWeatherModificationInc.ofFargo,NorthDakota.“Weaffectonlyaverysmallpercentageofthetotalmoistureintheair,sowecannotbecausingdrought.”Dr.Krausssays.“Infact,wemaybehelpingincreasethemoisturedownwindbycreatingwetterground.”O(jiān)nedoubteraboutthesafetyofcloudseedingisChuckDoswell,aresearchscientistwhojustretiredfromtheUniversityofOklahoma.“In1999Ipersonallysawsignificanttornadoes龍卷風(fēng))formfromaseededstormcellinKansas,”Dr.Doswellsays.“Doescloudseedingcreatekillerstormsorreducemoisturedownwind?Noonereallyknows,ofcourse,buttheseedinggoeson.”Giventhedegreeofdoubt,Mr.Stienwandsuggests,“itwouldbewisetostopcloudseeding.”Inpractice,doubthashadtheoppositeeffect.Duetothelackofscientificproofconcerningtheirimpacts,noonehassucceededinwinningalawsuitagainstcloud-seedingcompanies,Hence,privateclimateengineeringcanproceedinrelativelegalsafety.WhatdoestheprojectaimtoConservemoistureinthe B.PreventtheformationofC.Forecastdisastrous D.InvestigatechemicaluseinWhoareopposedtotheFarmersineast-central B.ManagersofinsuranceC.Provincialgovernment D.ResidentsofCalgaryandWhydoesDr.DoswellmentionthetornadoeshesawinTocomparedifferentkindsofseedingToillustratethedevelopmentofbigToindicateapossibledangerofcloudToshowthelinkbetweenstormsandWhatcanweinferfromthelastScientificstudieshaveprovedStienwandPrivateclimateengineeringisillegalinThedoubtaboutcloudseedinghasCloud-seedingcompanieswillcontinuetoTheStanfordmarshmallow棉花糖)testwasoriginallyconductedbypsychologistWalterMischelinthelate1960s.ChildrenagedfourtosixatanurseryschoolwereplacedinaroomAsinglesugarytreat,selectedbythechild,wasplacedonatable.Eachchildwastoldiftheywaitedfor15minutesbeforeeatingthetreat,theywouldbegivenasecondtreat.Thentheywereleftaloneintheroom.Follow-upstudieswiththechildrenlaterinlifeshowedaconnectionbetweenanabilitytowaitlongenoughtoobtainasecondtreatandvariousformsofsuccess.AsadultswefaceaversionofthemarshmallowtesteverydayWe’renottempted(誘惑)sugarytreats,butbyourcomputers,phones,andtablets-allthedevicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarioustypesofinformationthatdotouswhatmarshmallowsdotoWearetemptedbysugarytreatsbecauseourancestorslivedinacalorie-poorworld,andourbrainsdevelopedaresponsemechanismtothesetreatsthatreflectedtheirvalue-afeelingofrewardandsatisfaction.Butaswe’vereshapedtheworldaroundus,dramaticallyreducingthecostandeffortinvolvedinobtainingcalories,westillhavethesamebrainswehadthousandsofyearsago,andthismismatchisattheheartofwhysomanyofusstruggletoresisttemptingfoodsthatweknowweshouldn’teat.Asimilarprocessisatworkinourresponsetoinformation.Ourformativeenvironmentasaspecieswasinformation-poor,soourbrainsdevelopedamechanismthatprizednewinformation.ButglobalconnectivityhasgreatlychangedourinformationenvironmentWearenowceaselesslybombarded(轟炸)withnewinformation.Therefore,justasweneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourcaloricconsumption,wealsoneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourinformationconsumption,resistingthetemptationofthemental“junkfood”inordertomanageourtimemosteffectively.WhatdidthechildrenneedtodotogetasecondtreatinMischel’sTakeanexamination B.ShowrespectfortheC.Sharetheirtreatswith D.DelayeatingforfifteenAccordingtoparagraph3,thereisamismatch thecalorie-poorworldandourgoodtheshortageofsugarandournutritionaltherichfoodsupplyandourunchangedthetemptingfoodsandoureffortstokeepWhatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersAbsorbnewinformation B.BeselectiveinformationC.Usediverseinformation D.ProtecttheinformationWhichofthefollowingisthebesttitlefortheEatLess,Read B.TheBiterTruthaboutEarlyC.TheLater,the D.TheMarshmallowTestfor（52.512.5分Inthepastfewyears,onlinelearninghasbecomeasignificantpartoftheuniversityandcollegeexperience.36Butareallonlinecoursescreatedequal?Howcanyoubesurethatdigitallearningisrightforyou?37Weinterviewedstudentsandprofessorstogettheiradviceaboutonlinecourses.Themostobviousadvantagesofonlinelearningisthatyoucanstudyanywhereand38“Ithinkapointthatmanypeoplelosesightofishoweasyitcanbetofallbehindschedule,”saysgraduatestudentAmandaBindman.Beforechoosingtostudyonline,considerwhetheryou’reaself-motivatedlearnerandifthematerialseemsinterestingenoughtokeepyouThetipthatcomesupmostoftenissimple:buildonlinecoursesintoyourweeklyschedule,justlikewhatyouwoulddowithin-personcourses.39Henotedthathisonlinestudentsusuallyendupwithlowergrades.Itissoeasytoletanonlinecour