南京市2021-2022學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期中調(diào)研測試高二英語第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whattimeisitnow?A.11:20.B.12:00.C.12:40.2.WhyisMaryabsent?A.Sheforgottocome.B.Shechangedherdecision.C.Shewasn'tinvited.3.Whatistheweatherlikenow?A.Rainy.B.Windy.C.Sunny.4.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydo?A.Stayathome.B.Seeadoctor.C.Visitthemuseum.5.Wherewillthespeakersgofirst?AToacinema.B.Toagallery.C.Toabakery.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.WhenwillthemanleaveChina?A.Intwoweeks.B.Inonemonth.C.Nextyear.7.WhyisthemanunabletodecidewhentocomebacktoChina?A.HewantstoworkinAmerica.B.Hehasn'tfoundajobinChina.C.Heneedstoaccompanyhismom.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?AEditorandreader.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Professorandassistant.9.WhatisAndygoingtodoaftertheclass?A.Haveameeting.B.Writeapoem.C.Designaposter.10.Whichsubjectdoesthewomanmostprobablyteach?A.PoemReading.B.CreativeWriting.C.OralEnglish.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Howdidthemangototherestaurantlastnight?A.Bybike.B.Bycar.C.Byunderground.12.Whatdidthemanandhiscolleagueshaveforsupper?A.Japanesefood.B.Italianfood.C.Mexicanfood.13.Whatdidthemanthinkoftherestaurant?A.Expensive.B.Fancy.C.Crowded.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Attheairport.B.Onthestreet.C.Inthecountryside.15.WhydoesthewomanlikeSydney?A.Ithaslesspollution.B.Ithasmoregoodmusic.C.Ithasfriendlierpeople.16.Howdoesthewomanliketheman'sEnglish?A.Fluent.B.Acceptable.C.Ordinary.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatdoesthetextfocuson?A.Afemalecomposer.B.Somehightechnologies.C.Asong-writingrobot.18.WhocreatedAiva?A.Agroupofprogrammers.B.Themostadvancedrobot.C.Someworld-famousmusicians.19.WhatisAivaexpectedtodo?A.Helpwithhousework.B.Singsomeclassicalsongs.C.Composedifferenttypesofmusic.20.WhatwillAivadointhefuture?A.Competewithmusicians.BCooperatewithmusicians.C.Takecontrolofmusicians.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ABien-direInitial,TuttolialianoandPuntoyComa,separatelyfromFrance,SpainandItaly,arepublishedsixtimesayear.Theyarefilloflivelyandoriginalarticlesandin-depthinterviewsinFrench,SpanishorItaliantogiveyoutheinsidetrackonFrench,SpanishofItalianculture.KeywordsandphrasesareexplainedinEnglishonthefacingpage.Thearticles,inturn,arenarratedontheaccompanying60-minuteaudioCDtoenableyoutoimproveyourlisteningcomprehensionandunderstandFrench,SpanishorItalian.Inaddition,everyfeatureisgradedfordifficultysothatyoucanassessyourprogresswitheachissue.ForFrenchspeakers,Bien-direInitialwilltakeyoufromabeginnertoanintermediatelevelandispublishedonalternatemonthssothattheycanbetakentogethertoformatrulycomprehensiveFrenchlearningprogramme.Ifyounowwanttobeabletospeaklikeanative,asubscriptiontoBien-direInitial,TuttoItalianoandPuntoyComawillinspire,motivateandhelpyoutoachievefluency.KeyBenefits·SpeakFrench,SpanishorItalianwithconfidencebylearningthelanguageasit'sreallyspoken·Improveyourvocabularyandlisteningcomprehension·ImproveyourknowledgeofFrench,SpanishorItalianculture·Takeadvantageofon-going,portableandflexiblelearning·Acquirelively,relevantandup-to-dateauthenticcontentSubscribeTodaytoeitherBien-direInitial,TuttoltalianoorPuntoyComaforayearforjust￡89(normalprice￡99)andyouwillreceiveanextraissue,worthover￡16ForFree,andaFreeelectronicdictionarybookmarkworth￡24.99-acombinedsavingof￡51!OrderTodayBycalling08001412210OutsidetheUKcall＋441179272236Ororderbyvisitingourwebsite:www.L/BHTV171.WhatisspecialaboutBien-direInitial,TuttoltalianoandPuntoyComa?A.Theycomeouteverymonth. B.Theyincludeone-houraudioCDs.C.TheyhaveEnglisheditions. D.Theyfeaturesomewritingskills.2.HowmuchshouldyoupayifyousubscribetoPuntoyComaforayeartoday?A.￡51. B.￡73. C.￡89. D.￡105.3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Toadvertisesomemagazines. B.Tointroducesomelearningmethods.C.Toexplainsomeculturaldifferences. D.Torecommendsomelanguageagencies.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了《Bien-direInitial》、《Tuttolialiano》和《PuntoyComa》這三本雜志的一些特色以及優(yōu)惠活動信息?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thearticles,inturn,arenarratedontheaccompanying60-minuteaudioCDtoenableyoutoimproveyourlisteningcomprehensionandunderstandFrench,SpanishorItalian.(此外，文章還附有60分鐘的音頻CD，幫助您提高聽力和法語、西班牙語或意大利語的理解能力)”可知，《Bien-direInitial》、《Tuttolialiano》和《PuntoyComa》的特別之處是他們包括一小時的音頻CD。故選B。【2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)KeyBenefits部分中“SubscribeTodaytoeitherBien-direInitial,TuttoltalianoorPuntoyComaforayearforjust￡89(normalprice￡99)andyouwillreceiveanextraissue,worthover￡16ForFree,andaFreeelectronicdictionarybookmarkworth￡24.99-acombinedsavingof￡51!(今天訂閱《Bien-direInitial》、《Tuttolialiano》或者《PuntoyComa》一年只需89英鎊(正常價格99英鎊)，你將免費獲得價值超過16英鎊的額外一期，以及價值24.99英鎊的免費電子詞典書簽，總共節(jié)省51英鎊)”可知，如果你今天訂閱《PuntoyComa》一年，你應(yīng)該付89英鎊。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Bien-direInitial,TuttolialianoandPuntoyComa,separatelyfromFrance,SpainandItaly,arepublishedsixtimesayear.Theyarefilloflivelyandoriginalarticlesandin-depthinterviewsinFrench,SpanishorItaliantogiveyoutheinsidetrackonFrench,SpanishofItalianculture.(《Bien-direInitial》、《Tuttolialiano》和《PuntoyComa》分別來自法國、西班牙和意大利，每年出版6次。它們充滿了生動的原創(chuàng)文章和深度采訪，法語、西班牙語或意大利語，讓你了解法國、西班牙語和意大利文化的內(nèi)幕)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了《Bien-direInitial》、《Tuttolialiano》和《PuntoyComa》這三本雜志的一些特色以及優(yōu)惠活動信息?？赏浦@篇文章的目的是為一些雜志做廣告。故選A。BThoseshortmetalfencesbythesideoftheroaddon'tlooklikemuch.Buttheydoabigjob:keepdriverssafe.Peoplewhodesignhighwayswouldalwaysliketohaveawide,flat,clearspaceoneithersideoftheroad.Thatwayifacargoesofftheroad,itcanstopsafely.Butinsomeplaces,thatisjustnotpossible.Inthatcase,theyputupaguardrail.Theseshortrailingsaredesignedtostopcarsfromrunningintosomethingmoredangerous,withoutdamagingthecartoomuch.Jerseybarriersaremadeofconcrete.Theyareofenplaceddownthecenterofaroadtoseparatecarsgoingintooppositedirections.Jerseybarriersarealsousedaroundconstructionzones.Theyarecheaptomakeandeasytomovearound.Astrong-postW-beamguardrail,withshort,thickpostssettogether,isusedwhereit'simportanttostopacarquicklytosavelives,likebeingnearacliff.Itgetsitsnamefromthefactthatifit'scutinhalf,theraillookslikeasidewaysW.Aweak-postW-beamguardrailhaspoststhinnerandfartherapart.Anditwillstopacarmoreslowlythanastrong-postguardrail.Themoregraduallyacarslowsdown,thelesslikelyitsriderswillbehurt.Aweak-postguardrailcanbeusedwherethereismorespacetoslowacardown.Athree-beamguardrailhasapieceofsteelthatripples(呈波形)inthreeC-shapes.Thistypeofguardrailisusedonroadswithalotoftrucktraffic.ThecurvesintheC-shapesabsorbenergyinacrash,andtherailishighoffthegroundtocatchtrucks.4.What'sthefunctionofaguardrail?A.Todecoratethehighways.B.Tolimitthenumberofcars.C.Tosoftentheimpactofacarcrash.D.Tomakeroadswide,flatandclear.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that"inparagraph3referto?A.Goingofftheroad.B.Keepingdriverssafe.C.Puttingupaguardrail.D.Havingspaceforemergency.6.Onroadswithfrequenthugevehicles,whichofthefollowingismoresuitable?A.AJerseybarrier.B.Athree-beamguardrail.C.Astrong-postW-beamguardrail.D.Aweak-postW-beamguardrail.7.Accordingtothetext,A.energycanbesavedwithguardrailsB.driverscangostraightwithguardrailsC.aW-beamguardrailisnamedbyshapeD.concreteJerseybarriersarehardtomove【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.C【解析】【分析】本文是說明文，介紹了路邊各種護欄的作用?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文第三段“Theseshortrailingsaredesignedtostopcarsfromrunningintosomethingmoredangerouswithoutdamagingthecartoomuch.(這些短欄桿是為了防止汽車撞到更危險的東西而設(shè)計的，同時又不會對汽車造成太大的損壞。)”所以可知是為了減輕對車子撞擊之后的損傷。故選C項?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段原文“Peoplewhodesignhighwayswouldalwaysliketohaveawide,flat,clearspaceoneithersideoftheroad!Thatwayifacargoesofftheroad,itcanstopsafely.(設(shè)計高速公路的人總是希望在道路兩旁有一個寬闊、平坦、干凈的空間。這樣，如果汽車駛離公路，它就可以安全停車。)”可以知道這里的that代指為緊急情況預(yù)留空間，故選D項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由最后一段“Athree-beamguardrailhasapieceofsteelthatripples(呈波形)inthreeC-shapes.Thistypeofguardrailisusedonroadswithalotoftrucktraffic.(一種三梁護欄有一塊鋼，有三個c形的波紋。這種類型的護欄用于卡車較多的道路。)”可知卡車較多的道路應(yīng)該使用三梁護欄，故選B項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段“Astrong-postW-beamguardrail,withshort,thickpostssettogether,isusedwhereit'simportanttostopacarquicklytosavelives,likebeingnearacliff.Itgetsitsnamefromthefactthatifit'scutinhalf,theraillookslikeasidewaysW.(堅固的W型梁護欄，由短而厚的柱子組合在一起，用于需要快速停車以拯救生命的地方，比如在懸崖附近。它的名字來源于一個事實，如果它被切成兩半，軌道看起來像一個側(cè)面的W。)”可知，W型梁護欄名字的由來是因為它的形狀。故選C項。CAsawildlife-conservationbiologiststudyingclimatechange,Iwanttounderstandtheevolvingenvironmentthroughtheeyesoflargeanimals.Mywork-usuallyincold,remoteplaces-involvesfindinganimals,andwaystoeat,sleepandbewarm.Imightsuffer,butIgetinsightsthatotherscannotintowhatanimalsaredoing.Forabout15yearsI'vebeeninterestedinmuskoxen(麝香牛).ThispicturewastakenonWrangelIsland,offthenortheastcoastofRussia,whenIwasstudyinghowmuskoxenreacttopolarbears.Becausepolariceismeltingmorepolarbearsarehuntingonland,andtheyareknowntohavekilledmuskoxen.Theseherdanimalstypicallydon’tfleefromenemiessuchasgrizzlybears.Theytendtoformgroupsinsteadandmalemaleoxenhavekilledgrizzlies.Wouldtheytrytokillpolarbearstoo?Tofindout,Idressedasapolarbear,pullingabearheadonandplacingaclothoverarangefinder,cameraanddatabooks.Iwascoldandnervous.Ididn'twanttobekilledbyachargingmuskox-orbyanythingelse.Ifsomeoxenchargedandmadeanattack,I'dthrowoffmycostumeandstandupstraight,asI'mdoinghere;sofar,thathadstoppedthem.I'dalsoencounteredafemalepolarbearwithnewbornbabies,butshe'dleftmealone.Thispictureisfromtheendofasession,andI'dlivedanotherday.Whew!Ilearntthatmuskoxenaremorelikelytofleefrompolarbearsthanfromgrizzlies.ButduringthistriptoRussia,Iwasarrested-overadateerroronmypermits.Incourt,theonlywordIunderstoodwas'CIA'.Iwasletgo,butbannedfromreturningforthreeyears,soI'mnowstudyingthehuemul,anendangeredspeciesofdeerthatlivesintheshadowsofglaciersatthetipofSouthAmerica.Asglaciersmelt,howwillhuemulpopulationsrespond?8.Howdomuskoxenprotectthemselvesfromgrizzlybears?A.Byfleeingtopolaricequickly.B.Bygettingtogethertofightback.C.Bychargingatgrizzliesonebyone.DBydrawingsupportfrompolarbears.9.Whydidtheauthordressasapolarbear?A.Tobetterunderstandmuskoxen.B.Tofamiliarizehimselfwithitshabitat.C.Tobetterprotecthiscameraequipment.D.Tokeepwarminextremenaturalconditions.10.WhydidtheauthorhavetostophisresearchinRussia?A.Hewasbannedforanillegalpermit.B.Hisresearchtherewasnotapproved.C.Somewildlifebiologistshadaccusedhim.D.HewouldstudythehuemuinsouthAmerica.11.Whichisthebesttitle?A.AnAivkwardBiologistB.TheChangeableClimateC.WouldMuskOxenBeKilled?D.WhoWantsToBeaPolarBear?【答案】8.B9.A10.A11.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。短文敘述了作者為了解麝香牛所做出的的努力。【8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theytendtoformgroupsinstead,andmalemuskoxenhavekilledgrizzlies.(它們會聚集成群，雄性的麝香牛還會殺掉灰熊)”可知，麝香牛通過團結(jié)起來反擊保護自己免受灰熊的攻擊。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章地三段“Tofindout,Idressedasapolarbear(為了找到答案，我打扮成一只北極熊)”可知，作者把自己打扮成一只北極熊的目的是為了調(diào)查麝香牛對北極熊的反應(yīng)。由此判斷出，作者裝扮成一只北極熊是為了更好地了解麝香牛。故選A?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Iwasarrested—overadateerroronmypermits.(我被逮捕了——因為我的許可證上的日期錯誤)”可知，作者不得不停止在俄羅斯的研究是因為他由于不合法的許可證而被禁止(調(diào)查)。故選A項。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Asawildlife-conservationbiologiststudyingclimatechange,Iwanttounderstandtheevolvingenvironmentthroughtheeyesoflargeanimals.(作為一名研究氣候變化的野生動物保護生物學(xué)家，我想通過大型動物的眼睛來了解環(huán)境的演變)”，第二段“Theytendtoformgroupsinsteadandmalemaleoxenhavekilledgrizzlies.Wouldtheytrytokillpolarbearstoo?(它們傾向于形成群體，雄性公牛殺死了灰熊。它們也會殺北極熊嗎？)”及第三段“Tofindout,Idressedasapolarbear,pullingabearheadonandplacingaclothoverarangefinder,cameraanddatabooks.(為了找到答案，我打扮成一只北極熊，穿上一個熊頭，把一塊布放在測距儀，相機和數(shù)據(jù)本上)”可知，短文敘述了作者為了解麝香牛所做出的的努力，比如穿成北極熊的樣子。由此可知，短文的最佳標題為“誰想成為一只北極熊”。故選D項。DSomeriskfactorsarereportedtoimpacttheseverityofCOVID-19.Amongthemwasfatnessorobesity.Inahealthybody,fattissue(脂肪組織)servesasstorageofenergyintimesoffoodshortageanditisalsofullofimmunecells.Inthin,healthyindividuals,itproducesanti-inflammatory(消炎的)andprotectivefactors.If,however,thefattissuebecomesunhealthy,asoftenhappensinpeoplewithobesityitcanproducechemicalsignalsthatpromoteinflammation,raisingtheriseofsomeinfectiousdiseaseslikeCOVID-19.aResearchersarestudyingthemechanismsbywhichthisinflammationoccurs.Oneassumptionisthatwhenfatcellsbecomeoverloadedwithnutrients,theintercellularstresscansetoffan“inflammatorycascade(級聯(lián)反應(yīng))”“Withobesity,peoplestorealotofnutrientsinfatcells,buttheyalsobegintoreleasemorethannormalastheygrow,"saysAndrewGreenberg,directorofanobesitylaboratory.“Theseenterthebloodandbindtoimmunecellsintheliverandmuscle.Andthisleadstothereleaseofinflammatoryfactors.”Poordietcanalsoplayaroleinincreasinginflammation.Itchangesthecompositionoftheintestinalmicrobiome(腸道菌群)，probablyproducingtoxins(毒素)，andobesityallowsthetoxinstobereleasedintothebloodstream.Whiledietcanbeharmfulandinflammatory,goodnutritiondoestheopposite.Somenutrients,includingomega-3fattyacids,canworktodiminishinflammation.OneeatingplanistheMediterraneandiet,whichisthoughttoprovidepeoplewithprotectivecompounds.Greenbergsaysmoreresearchisneededtodeterminewhethersupplements,includingfishoil,andfiber,canworktotreatinflammationandboostimmunityassociatedwithobesity.Themostreliableapproach,isweightloss.Andasmallamountcanmakeadifference.“Theydon'thavetobeattheiridealbodyweight,”Greenbergsays.“Evenlosing5to10percentofaperson'sweighthelpsimprovetheircondition.”Accordingtoa2017study,a20-minutesessionofwalkingcanstimulateinanti-inflammatoryresponse.12.Accordingtothetext,fattissue________.A.isbeneficialtoobesepeopleB.protectspeoplefromgettingtoothinC.islinkedwithpeople'simmunesystemD.makespeoplefeelfullwithouteating13.Whatcangiverisetoaninflammatorycascade?A.Fatcells.B.Intercellularstress.C.Poordiet.D.Infectiousdiseases.14Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminish"inparagraph5mean?A.Cause.B.Change.C.Promote.D.Reduce.15.What'sthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Firmdeterminationtofightforidealbody.B.Highexpectationsofmoreresearchaboutnutrition.C.Greatimportanceofhavingagoodweightmanagement.D.Practicalwaystotackleinflammationrelatedtoobesity.【答案】12.C13.B14.D15.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，短文主要介紹了肥胖會影響COVID-19的嚴重程度。脂肪組織變得不健康和不良的飲食習(xí)慣會加劇炎癥，良好的營養(yǎng)和減肥可以治療炎癥和提高與肥胖相關(guān)的免疫力?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的“Inahealthybody,fattissueservesasstorageofenergyintimesoffoodshortageanditisalsofullofimmunecells.Inthin,healthyindividuals,itproducesanti-inflammatoryandprotectivefactors.(在一個健康的身體里，脂肪組織在食物短缺的時候作為能量的儲存，它也充滿了免疫細胞。在苗條健康的個體中，它產(chǎn)生抗炎和保護因子。)?？芍?，健康的脂肪組織與人的免疫系統(tǒng)有關(guān)，故選C?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的“Oneassumptionisthatwhenfatcellsbecomeoverloadedwithnutrients,theintercellularstresscansetoffan“inflammatorycascade(級聯(lián)反應(yīng))”(一種假設(shè)是，當(dāng)脂肪細胞營養(yǎng)過剩時，細胞間的壓力會引發(fā)“炎癥級聯(lián)”).”可知，細胞內(nèi)的壓力會引發(fā)一個級聯(lián)反應(yīng)，故選B?！?4題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上一句“Whiledietcanbeharmfulandinflammatory,goodnutritiondoestheopposite.(雖然飲食可能是有害的且可能帶來炎癥，但良好的營養(yǎng)卻能起到相反的作用。)”可知，好的營養(yǎng)會避免炎癥，所以這里講的應(yīng)該是積極的正面的，因此，omega-3型脂肪酸能夠減少炎癥反應(yīng)，所以diminish的意思是減少，故選D。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的“Themostreliableapproach,isweightloss.Andasmallamountcanmakeadifference.“Theydon'thavetobeattheiridealbodyweight,”Greenbergsays.“Evenlosing5to10percentofaperson'sweighthelpsimprovetheircondition.”(最可靠的方法，就是減肥。少量的食物就能產(chǎn)生不同的效果?！八麄儾槐剡_到理想的體重，”格林伯格說?！凹词箿p掉一個人5%到10%的體重，也有助于改善他們的狀況。)可知，本段主要講的是解決與肥胖相關(guān)的炎癥的實用方法。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Attentionmanagementisavaluableskillintheageofdistraction(分神)。Infact,today,morethanever,ourattentionisveryfragile.____16____Findingfocusinadistractedworldisreallyhard.Attentionishowyouarespendingyourtimeandlife.Thesimpleactofpayingattentiontotherightthingsattherighttimecanchangethecourseofyourlife.____17____It'showyoumaketimeformeaningfulthingsinlife.It'salsohowyougetdistractedandwasteyourtime.Togetthemostoutoflife,wemustlearntospendourattentioneffectively.Spendingattentionisachoice.It'sachoicethat'sgettingyouclosertowhatyouwantinlifeorleadingyoutotheoppositepath.Whereyouspendyourattentioniswhereyouspendyourlife.Likeanyotherskills,developyourattentionskill..____18____Startcreatingtheconditionsforuninterruptedworkbynoticingeverythingthatdistractsyou.Youcanalsostarttrackingyourattentiontogetabetterinsightintohowyouarecurrentlyusingyourtime.____19____Takespacefromthethingsthatusuallyfillyourtime,andbeginyourawareness.Makealistofthethingsthatfillyourtimeeveryday,andexploreeachoneonadeeperlevel.Attention,liketime,islimited.____20____AmIspendingmytimeonthingsthataddvaluetomylife?Aremyactionsmovingmetowardorawayfromwhatmattersmostinmylife?Managingyourattentionismanagingyourlife.A.Welosefocuseasily.B.Sokeepaskingyourselfeveryday.C.Attentionishowyougetthingsdone.D.Ourattentionisapreciousresource.E.Weshouldmakethemostofthelimitedtime.F.Trainyourattentionbypractisingdemandingtasksoften.G.Thentakeastepback,andassesshowyouspendyourattention.【答案】16.A17.C18.F19.G20.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，首先說明現(xiàn)在一個普遍問題—無法保持集中的注意力，文章分析了該現(xiàn)象的原因，介紹了提高注意力的好處和提高注意力的方法。【16題詳解】文章第一段主要介紹了注意力的難得，根據(jù)空前“Attentionmanagementisavaluableskillintheageofdistraction.Infact,today,morethanever,ourattentionisveryfragile”注意力管理在分心時代是一項寶貴的技能，但今天我們的注意力比以往任何時候都更加脆弱。再根據(jù)空后“Findingfocusinadistractedworldisreallyhard.”在一個心煩意亂的世界里找到焦點真的很難，所以空白處應(yīng)該承上啟下，A項說我們很容易失去注意力。提到了注意力，故選A項?！?7題詳解】空白處為文章第三段第第一句，所以空白處應(yīng)該概括總領(lǐng)這一段，第三段主要寫這就是你如何為生活中有意義的事情騰出時間，這也是你分心和浪費時間的原因，為了充分利用生活，我們必須學(xué)會有效地利用注意力，主要寫注意力的用處，C項說“注意力是你完成事情的方式”，表明了注意力的用處，故選C項?！?8題詳解】文章第五段主要介紹了培養(yǎng)注意力技能的方法，空前說“Likeanyotherskills,developyourattentionskill.”像其他技能一樣，培養(yǎng)你的注意力技能。空前總領(lǐng)方法，空白處后面具體寫方法如何提高注意力，而它的方法都是需要練習(xí)和時間的，F(xiàn)項說“經(jīng)常練習(xí)要求很高的任務(wù)來訓(xùn)練你的注意力”，故選F項?！?9題詳解】文章第五段主要介紹培養(yǎng)注意力的方法，空前說“Youcanalsostarttrackingyourattentiontogetabetterinsightintohowyouarecurrentlyusingyourtime.”你也可以開始跟蹤你的注意力，以便更好地了解你目前是如何利用時間的?？涨八v述的方法是開始跟蹤你的注意力，空白處后面一段就是列一張清單，列出每天占用你們時間的事情，并在更深的層次上探索每一件事，所以空白處應(yīng)該承上啟下，G項“評估一下你是如何花費注意力的”，選項聯(lián)系上下文，故選G項。【20題詳解】由文章最后一段可知，空白處前面寫“Attention,liketime,islimited.”注意力和時間一樣是有限的，空白處后面寫了三個問句，而且都是以第一人稱的，選項B說“每天都要問自己”，這是最適合后面的提問的。故選B項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。JonathanCainwasupset.Itwastheearly1970sandtheyoungmusicianhadlefthishometownofChicagotofindhisbig____21____inLosAngeles.Hewas____22____justtosurvive,andnowhisdoghadbeenhit.Hehatedtroublinghisfather____23____hedidn'thavethemoneytopaythevet.He____24____Chicago.“Dad,shouldIjust____25____thisthingandcomehome?”“No,don'tcomehome,”hisfatherreplied.“Don'tstopbelievein.”Jonathantookhisdad's____26____toheart,takingthemdowninhissongwritingnotebook.Withthemoneyhisdadsent.Jonathanwasableto____27____hisdog.Later,his____28____begantochangeandhebecamekeyboardistforarockgroup.In1980.hejoinedJourney.WhenleadsingerStevePerryaskedifhecould____29____withtwofinalsongsfortheirnewalbum,Jonathanlookedthroughhis_____30_____notebooks.“Don'tstopBelievein”_____31_____.Withthatasthechorus,Jonathanandhisbandmates_____32_____asong.ItreachedNo.9ontheBillboardHot100singlescharts,andthewordsofafathertohis_____33_____sonhavegoneonto_____34_____lotsoffans.“Don'tstopbelievein,holdontothatfeeling”hasbecomea_____35_____tousall.21.A.share B.break C.sponsor D.benefit22.A.withdrawing B.debating C.struggling D.competing23.A.so B.and C.or D.but24.A.called B.visited C.left D.chose25.A.relyon B.giveup C.getacross D.wrestlewith26.A.words B.slogans C.warnings D.commitments27.A.walk B.train C.raise D.save28.A.luck B.habit C.belief D.concern29.A.experiment B.begin C.comment D.help30.A.diverse B.digital C.previous D.blank31.A.jumpedout B.shotup C.sprangup D.diedout32.A.named B.updated C.composed D.advertised33.A.promising B.critical C.excellent D.depressed34.A.persuade B.inspire C.amuse D.reward35.A.lesson B.remark C.motto D.legend【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.A25.B26.A27.D28.A29.D30.C31.A32.C33.D34.B35.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。本文講述了主人公在人生困頓的時候，因為父親對他說的一句話而堅持了下來，逐漸成功，并把這句話寫進了歌里，激勵了更多人?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那是20世紀70年代初，這位年輕的音樂家離開了他的家鄉(xiāng)芝加哥，去洛杉磯尋找自己的大突破。A.share股份；B.break突破；C.sponsor贊助者；D.benefit利益。根據(jù)上文“Itwastheearly1970sandtheyoungmusicianhadlefthishometownofChicagotofindhisbig”可知，喬納森來洛杉磯是為了尋找到自己的突破。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他掙扎著求生，現(xiàn)在他的狗又被撞了。A.withdrawing取出；B.debating辯論；C.struggling掙扎，努力；D.competing競爭。根據(jù)后文“justtosurvive,andnowhisdoghadbeenhit.Hehatedtroublinghisfatherbuthedidn'thavethemoneytopaythevet”可知喬納森處境艱難，在洛杉磯掙扎著求生。故選C。【23題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：他討厭麻煩他的父親，但他沒有錢支付獸醫(yī)。A.so所以；B.and并且；C.or或者；D.but但是。結(jié)合前后文語境可知為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用but。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他打給芝加哥，“爸爸，我是不是應(yīng)該放棄這個回家？”A.called打電話；B.visited參觀；C.left離開；D.chose選擇。喬納森當(dāng)時在洛杉磯，所以是打電話回家的。故選A。【25題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：他打給芝加哥，“爸爸，我是不是應(yīng)該放棄這件事回家？”A.relyon依靠；B.giveup放棄；C.getacross理解；D.wrestlewith全力對付。根據(jù)后文“thisthingandcomehome”可知喬納森想自己是不是應(yīng)該放棄在洛杉磯發(fā)展，回家。故選B?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：喬納森把父親的話記在心里，把它們記在了他的歌曲創(chuàng)作筆記本上。A.words話語；B.slogans口號；C.warnings警告；D.commitments承諾。此處指喬納森把上文父親說的話“＂No.don'tcomehome,"hisfatherreplied."Don'tstopbelievein.””記在心里。故選A。【27題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：有了爸爸寄來的錢，喬納森才救回了他的狗。A.walk散步；B.train訓(xùn)練；C.raise撫養(yǎng)；D.save拯救。根據(jù)上文“Withthemoneyhisdadsent,Jonathanwasableto”可知有了錢，喬納森才能救自己被車撞了的狗。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：后來，他的運氣開始改變，他成為了一個搖滾樂隊的鍵盤手。A.luck運氣；B.habit習(xí)慣；C.belief信念；D.concern關(guān)心。根據(jù)后文“begantochangeandhebecamekeyboardistforarockgroup”可知他后來成為了一個搖滾樂隊的鍵盤手，說明運氣改變了。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)主唱史蒂夫·佩里問他是否能幫他們新專輯的最后兩首歌時，喬納森翻了翻自己以前的筆記本。A.experiment實驗；B.begin開始；C.comment評論；D.help幫助。根據(jù)后文“withtwofinalsongsfortheirnewalbum”可知，這個歌手是來找喬納森幫忙的，故選D?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)主唱史蒂夫·佩里問他是否能幫他們新專輯的最后兩首歌時，喬納森翻了翻自己以前的筆記本。A.diverse不同的；B.digital數(shù)字的；C.previous以前的；D.blank空白的。根據(jù)后文“Don’tstopbelievein.”是從前父親對他說的話，所以該處應(yīng)該是他翻看了之前的筆記，故選C?！?1題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：“不要停止相信”這句話引起了注意。A.jumpedout跳出，引起注意；B.shotup發(fā)芽；C.sprangup出現(xiàn)；D.diedout滅絕。在翻看之前的筆記時，“Don’tstopbelievein.”這句話引起了他的注意。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：用這句話為副歌，喬納森和他的樂隊成員創(chuàng)作了一首歌。A.named命名；B.updated更新；C.composed組成；D.advertised打廣告。呼應(yīng)上文“withtwofinalsongsfortheirnewalbum”指喬納森和他的樂隊成員創(chuàng)作了一首歌。故選C。【33題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這首歌在公告牌100首熱門單曲排行榜上排名第九，一位父親對他沮喪的兒子說的話激勵了很多粉絲。A.promising有前途的；B.critical批判的；C.excellent極好的；D.depressed沮喪的。呼應(yīng)第一段中“JonathanCainwasupset.”指當(dāng)時沮喪的喬納森受到父親的話的鼓勵。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這首歌在公告牌100首熱門單曲排行榜上排名第九，一位父親對他沮喪的兒子說的話激勵了很多粉絲。A.persuade說服；B.inspire鼓舞；C.amuse逗樂；D.reward獎勵。父親的這句話使主人公沒有放棄、堅持下來，所以對于粉絲來說也應(yīng)該是正向的影響，inspire符合語境。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“不要停止相信，堅持那種感覺”已經(jīng)成為我們所有人的座右銘。A.lesson課程；B.remark評論；C.motto座右銘；D.legend傳奇。這就話激勵了無數(shù)粉絲，所以對所有人來說都是一句座右銘，故選C。第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Recently,residentsnearthecapital'sSecondRingRoadweresurprisedtodiscoverthatcyclinglanesappearedto____36____(widen).Acloserlookrevealedwhathadhappened.Thoughtracesofthe____37____(origin)whitelinesseparatingthelanesforcarsandbicyclesremainvisible,newlineshavebeendrawntomakethelanesforcars____38____(narrow)andtheonesforbicycleswider.JiaFeng,acyclingenthusiast,saysridingtoworkinBeijingis____39____advantageasitallowshimtogetinhisdailyexercise,____40____(rid)himofthecapital'scrowdedtrafficjams.Commuting(通勤)isbecomingincreasinglyenjoyableaslocal____41____(authority)gotogreatlengthstoadvocateenvironmentallyfriendlytravel____42____(establish)greendevelopment.____43____hasbecomeakeyconcernofChina'scentralgovernment.“Wewillaccelerateeffortstosetupalegalframework____44____promotesasoundeconomicstructurethatenhancesgreenandlow-carbondevelopment,”saidPresidentXiJinpinginareporttothe19thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinainOctober2017.Healso____45____(speak)ofmeasurestoencourageenvironmentalawarenessinfamilies,schoolsandcommunitiesanddevelopeco-friendlytransportationservices.【答案】36.havebeenwidened37.original38.narrower39.an40.ridding41.authorities42.toestablish43.It44.which##that45.spoke【解析】【分析】本文是說明文，主要介紹了北京二環(huán)附近的車道改變。

【36題詳解】考查不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：最近，北京二環(huán)附近的居民驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，自行車道似乎被拓寬了。設(shè)空處接在不定式to后，應(yīng)用動詞原形，根據(jù)時間狀語recently，可知應(yīng)用不定式的完成式，它和邏輯主要cyclinglanes之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，故應(yīng)用不定式的完成式的被動語態(tài)，故填havebeenwidened。

【37題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：雖然原先分隔汽車和自行車車道的白線的痕跡仍然清晰可見，但新的線已經(jīng)被繪制出來，使汽車車道更窄，自行車車道更寬。根據(jù)空后的whitelines，可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞作定語，orgin的形容詞是orginal，故填orginal。

【38題詳解】考查比較級。句意：雖然原先分隔汽車和自行車車道的白線的痕跡仍然清晰可見，但新的線已經(jīng)被繪制出來，使汽車車道更窄，自行車車道更寬。根據(jù)后文的theonesforbicycleswider，可知此處是指讓汽車車道變窄，此處應(yīng)用比較級形式，故填narrower。

【39題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：騎自行車愛好者賈峰說，在北京騎車上班是一項優(yōu)勢，因為這樣可以讓他進行日常鍛煉，擺脫首都擁擠的交通堵塞。根據(jù)后文的單數(shù)名詞advantage，此處修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，且表示泛指，應(yīng)用不定冠詞，advantage是元音音素開頭的單詞，應(yīng)用an，故填an。

【40題詳解】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：騎自行車愛好者賈峰說，在北京騎車上班是一項優(yōu)勢，因為這樣可以讓他進行日常鍛煉，擺脫首都擁擠的交通堵塞。此處用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，表示主動，故填ridding。