UNIT2單元測(cè)試（考試時(shí)間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）注意事項(xiàng)：1．本試卷分第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）和第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題）兩部分。答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2．回答第Ⅰ卷時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。寫在本試卷上無效。3．回答第Ⅱ卷時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。4．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共30分，略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AThefireworksthatyouseearemostlikelymadeinChina.Thecountrythatmakes90%oftheworld’sfireworksisalsowheretheywereinvented.MosthistoriansbelievethattheChineseusedfirecrackersasearlyasthesecondcenturyB．C．Manycountriesholdgrandfireworksshowattheirimportantcelebrations.Canadians,forexample,putonfireworksshoweveryJuly1tocelebratetheirownnationalbirthday,astheFrenchdoonJuly14tomarktheanniversaryoftheirrevolution.ButtheUnitedStatesofAmericaimportsmostoftheworld’sfireworks,spendingmorethan$650milliononthemperyear.TheWaltDisneyCo.alonebuysabout$50millionworth.Amixtureofgunpowderandotherflammablecompounds(混合物)causesfireworkstoexplodeacrosstheskyinallthoseprettycolorsandfunshapes.Copper,forinstance,burnsbrightbluewhilestrontium(鍶)createsdeepred.Together,theyproducepurple.Buttheoutlinesfireworksformdependontheplacementofthesecompoundsinsidetheircasing(knownastheshell),aswellastheshapeoftheshellitself.Forcenturiestheonlywaytosetofffireworkswasbyhand,butcomputercontrolledequipmentcameoutinthe1980s.Automationmeansmorepreciselytimedexplosions,makingthedisplaysmoresatisfying,nottomentionsafer.Asyoumightimagine,settingofffireworkscanreleaseharmfulsubstancesintotheair.Forexample,achemicalthathasbeenlinkedtothyroid(甲狀腺)problems.“Environmentallyfriendly”

fireworksweredevelopedattherequestoftheWaltDisneyCo.afteritreceivedsmokecomplaintsfromneighborsofDisneyland.Nowadays,anevenmoreeco-friendlyalternativetotraditionalfireworksisbeingincreasinglyadopted:usingsmallaircraftswithoutpilotstotraceflashypatternsinthesky.Withthem,there’salsoamuchsmallerriskofcausingwildfires.Theeco-friendlyfireworksindustryisexpectedtogrowalmost20%betweennowand2027.1．Whichcountryhasthegreatestdemandforfireworkseveryyear?A．Canada. B．China. C．France. D．TheUSA．2．Whatdoesthecoloroffireworksmainlydependon?A．Theshapeoftheshell. B．Theamountofgunpowder.C．Thetypeofaddedmetals. D．Theplacementofcompounds.3．Whatcanbeinferredaboutfireworksindustryfromthetext?A．It’sdisappearinggradually.B．It’stryingtokeepupwithtimes.C．It’sbecomingamajorpollutionsource.D．It’slosingpopularityamongtheyoung.4．Wherecanthetextbefound?A．Asciencefiction. B．Apopularmagazine.C．Anacademicpaper. D．Anofficialdocument.BIfsomeonecreatedaflyingmachinecapableoftrackingyoudownbylisteningforyourvoice,youmightbeterrified.Butwhatifyouweretrappedinruinsafteranaturaldisasterandfirstresponderscouldn’tlocateyou?Maybethenahuman-seekingdrone(無人機(jī))wouldn’tbesuchaterribleidea.ThatconceptisthefocusforengineersatGermany’sFraunhoferFKIEInstitute,who’vebuiltadronetofindpeoplebydetecting(探測(cè))humanscreams.“Thehuman-seekingdronewouldbeidealforpost-disastersituations,”saidMacarenaVarela,oneoftheleadengineers.“Theycouldhoveroveranareathatrescuecrewshavedifficultygettingtoandlocateexactlywherepeoplemaybetrapped.”Anauditory(聽覺的)systemwouldneedtodistinguishhumancriesfromsoundsthatoftenhappeninnature,suchasanimalcallsandwind.Itmightalsoneedtorecognizepatternsassociatedwithkicking,clappingorotherwayspeopletrytogettheattentionofrescueteams.Engineerstookthosesituationsintoaccountwhenbuildingouttheirconceptdrone.Theyrecordedthemselvesscreaming,tappingandcreatingothernoisesthatmightbeasignofpeopleintrouble.Then,theyanalyzedeachsoundfrequencytofindcommonsignaturesandusedthosetotrainartificialintelligencesoftware.Theyalsoworkedtoremovethenoisecreatedbythedroneandotherenvironmentalsounds.Oncethesoftwarepartwascomplete,theteamplacedtinydigitalmicrophonesunderthedroneandusedsignalprocessingtechniquesthatenabledthemtotrackwherehumannoisesarecomingfrom.Themicrophonesalsoenhancedthevolumeandclarityofthespeech.Sofar,theyhaveconductedsuccessfulopenfieldexperiments,findingthatthedronecanestimateavictim’slocationwithinafewsecondsofpickingupsound.Next,theywouldliketoaddahigherfrequencymicrophonetoadronetoacquiremoreaudiosoundsignals.5．Whatistheadvantageofthehuman-seekingdrone?A．Itshighspeedofflying. B．Itslongworkinghours.C．Itsquickresponsetoscreams. D．Itseasyaccesstodisasterscene.6．Whatcantheauditorysystemdo?A．Makeouthumancries. B．Pickupsoundsfromfaraway.C．Sendvictim’slocationdatatoatablet. D．Improvethequalityofhumanscreams.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“signatures”inparagraph3referto?A．Effects. B．Symbols. C．Situations. D．Features.8．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．AIEnablesDronestoGiveBetterPerformance.B．EngineersTeachDronestoHuntHumanScreams.C．Human-seekingDronesReplaceRescueCrews.D．RescuersUseDronestoLocateDisasterSurvivors.CTiredofstandinginline?Waitabitlonger,andyoumayneverhavetoagain.Amazonhasopened24ofitsAmazonGostores,whichusecamerasandartificialintelligence(AI)toseewhatyou’vetakenoffshelvesandchargeyouasyouwalkout.SomecompaniesarecloselycopyingAmazon’sapproachtousingAI-poweredcamerasfixedinceilings.Butothersaretryinganentirelydifferentwaytoskipthecheckout:smartshoppingcarts.Thesecompanieshaveaddedcamerasandsensors(傳感器)tothecarts,andareusingAItotellwhatyou’veputinthem.Customerspaybyenteringacreditcard,orthroughanonlinepaymentsystem.Whenacustomerexitsthestoreagreenlightontheshoppingcartshowsthattheirorderiscomplete,andthey’recharged.Thecompaniesbehindthesmartcarts,includingCaperandVeeve,sayit’smucheasiertoaddtechnologytotheshoppingcartthantoanentirestore.Amazon’sGostoresrelyonhundredsofcamerasintheceiling.Theshelvesalsoincludesensorstotellwhenanitemisremoved.AhmedBeshry,co-founderofCaper,believesthetechnologytorunGoistooexpensivetouseinalarge-formatgrocerystore.NeitherCapernorVeevehassaidhowmuchtheirsmartshoppingcartswillcost,makingitdifficulttocomparethedifferentformats.ShariqSiddiqui,CEOofVeeve,said,“We’realwayshappywhenAmazonisdoingsomething.Theyforceretailers(零售店)togetoutoftheiroldschoolthinking.”

EachtimeabusinessusesAIandcameras,itraisesquestionsaboutcustomers’privacyandtheeffectonjobs.Beshrynotesthatthecamerasinhisshoppingcartpointdownintothecart,soonlyacustomer’shandandpartoftheirarmwillbecaptured(拍攝)oncamera.9．Whatdoweknowaboutthesmartshoppingcarts?A．Theyareabletorecognizegoodsputinthem.B．Theyarelinkedtothecamerasfixedintheceilings.C．Theyflashthegreenlightwhentheorderiscanceled.D．Theycantellcustomerswheretofindwhattheywant.10．WhatdoesBeshrythinkofthetechnologyusedinAmazon’sGostores?A．Itislikelytohelpretailerstothinkdifferently.B．Ithasattractedmanymoreretailersthanbefore.C．Itisfarmoreexpensivethantheirshoppingcarts.D．Itmayreducethecostofrunningastoregreatly.11．WhenitcomestoAIandcameras,whatmakesthepublicworriedmost?A．Thattheycanonlybuygoodsonline.B．Thatgoodsinthestoresmaybemoreexpensive.C．Thattheyhavetowaitinalineforalongertime.D．Thatsomebodymayknowtheirprivacy.12．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Thenewtechnologyimprovesretailsale.B．AI-poweredcamerasareusedinretailstores.C．Artificialintelligenceaffectsthefutureofjobmarket.D．Smartshoppingcartswillletyouskiptheline.DPFASarefoundinnonstickpans,water-prooffabricsandfoodpackaging.They’recalledforeverchemicalsbecauseoftheirabilitytostickaroundandnotbreakdown.Now,usingabitofheatandtworelativelycommoncompounds,researchershavedegraded(降解)thechemicalinthelab.WhilesomescientistshavefoundrelativelysimplewaysofbreakingdownselectPFAS,mostdegradationmethodsrequireharshprocessesusingintensepressure—insomecasesover22mega-pascals—orextremelyhightemperatures—sometimesupwardsof1,000℃—tobreakthechemicalbonds.WilliamDichtel,fromNorthwesternUniversityinEvanston,andhisteamexperimentedwithtwosubstancesfoundinnearlyeverychemistrylab;sodiumhydroxide(氫氧化鈉),alsoknownaslye,andasolvent(溶劑)calledDMSO.TheteamworkedspecificallyonagroupofforeverchemicalswhichcontainalargepercentageofPFAS.WhentheteamcombinedchemicalswiththelyeandDMSOat120℃andwithnoextrapressureneeded,thecarbolicacid(羧酸)felloffthechemicalsandbecamecarbondioxide.“Whathappenednextwasunexpected,”Dichtelsaid.Thelossoftheacidhelpeddegradethechemicalsintofluorideions(氟離子)andsmallercarbon-containingproducts,leavingbehindnoharmfulby-products.“It’saneatmethod;it’sdifferentfromothersthathavebeentried,”saysChrisSales,anenvironmentalengineeratDrexelUniversityinPhiladelphiawhowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.“Thebiggestquestionishowthiscouldbeadaptedandscaledup.Understandingthismechanismisjustonestepinundoingforeverchemicals,”Salessaid.Thisprocesswouldn’tworktodealwithPFASintheenvironment,becauseitrequiresaconcentratedamountofthechemicals,butitcouldonedaybeusedinwastewatertreatmentplants,wherethepollutantscouldbefilteredoutofthewater,concentratedandthenbrokendown.13．WhatcanwelearnaboutthepreviouswaystobreakdownPFAS?A．They’reeco-friendly. B．They’vebeenwidelyused.C．They’redifficulttooperate. D．They’reregardedasuseless.14．Whatdidtheteamdointheirexperiment?A．Theyexperimentedwithdifferentsolvents.B．Theytriedtwoverycommonsubstances.C．Theytestedeverygroupofforeverchemicals,D．Theyexposedchemicalstoextremetemperatures.15．Whatmadetheresearchersmostsurprisedintheirexperiment?A．Environmentally-friendlyreactionsoccurred.B．Thecarboxylicacidbecamecarbondioxide.C．Noextrapressurewasneededforthetrial.D．ThelyeandDMSOcouldworkat120℃,16．WhatcanweinferfromChrisSales’words?A．ItisdifficulttodealwithPFASintheenvironment.B．Thismechanismwillsoonbeusedintheenvironment.C．Themethodwillbeappliedtodifferentkindsofchemicals.D．Moreresearchisneededbeforethemethodiswidelyused.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。JohannesGutenberg--theploneeroftheprintingpressJohannesGutenbergwaschosentobethemostimportantfigureofthepastmillennium(千年)bythemedia(媒體).Youmaynotbefamiliarwithhim.17Gutenbergispraisedforhavinginventedtheprintingpressandthereforepreparingthewayforprintingbooks.HewasbornintoawealthyfamilyinthecityofMainz,Germany.Hisearlytrainingwasingoldsmithing.In1428,hemovedtoStrasbourgandlivedthereforalmost20years.18Gutenbergusedhisskillsinmetalworkforthemass(大批量)productionofbooks.19ThatmeansthateachcopyoftheCatholicbible(圣經(jīng))andallofits73bookswerepainstakinglyhandwrittenbymen.Gutenbergfashionedafont(字體)ofover300characters,farlargerthanthefontsoftoday.Tomakethispossible,heinventedthevariable-widthmold(模具)andperfectedthemixtureofmaterialsusedbytypefactoriesuptothepresentcentury.20Thebetween1450and1455,whilepreparingtoproducealargeLatinBible,Gutenbergisthoughttohaveprintedanumberofsmallerbooks,acalendar,andapapalLetterofIndulgence.TheBibleof42Lines,theoldestsurvivingprintedbookintheWesternworld,wascompletedbyAugust15,1456.Theinventionofthemodemprintingpresschangedthewayinformationwasdelivered.21Eventodayinthecomputerage,werelyheavilyontheprintedwordortextforinstruction,information,andforthepleasureofreadingliterature.A．GutenbergmadetheworldamuchricherplaceB．ButhehascertainlyinfluencedyourlifeinsomewaysC．Gutenberg'sideawasoneofthegreatestofallmankindD．By1450,GutenbergwasbackinMainzatworkonaprintingpressE．Infact,thisinventioncontributedalotofeducatingthemasses(大眾)worldwideF．BeforethespreadofGutenberg'sidea,bookswereprimarilyhandwrittenG．ItwasinStrasbourgthatheprobablymadehisfirstexperimentswithmoveabletypeandprinting第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Withcitiesgrowingfasterthanever,moreandmore22urbanspacesareappearingallaroundtheworld.Dealingwiththeincreaseintheselifelessspaceshasbeenaseriousproblemforalmosteverymajorcity.ValeroSquareislocatedinthecenterofthecity’sdowntownatabusytramlinestationandnexttoalargemarket.Withsuchagoodlocation,thesiteshouldhavebeena(n)23area,buttherealitycouldn’thavebeenmore24.Whilethousandsofpeoplemovethroughthesquareeveryday,fewstoppedtospendtimeinthesquare.Peoplewouldinsteadsimply25withoutasecondthought.Thatwasuntiltheinstallationofaprojecttitled“Warde”.Theinstallationisaclusterofgiantred“flowers”,whichopento30feetwide,ontopof30-foot-tall“stems”.Theflowerscanbefilledwith26.Thisinflation(膨脹)anddeflationenabletheflowerstoopenandclose.Thenewinstallationisdifficulttoneglect,butwhatistruly27isthewaythattheseflowersinteractwiththeirsurroundings.Standingunderoneoftheflowerswillcauseittoopenandstay28untilyouchoosetoleave,providingshadeand29fromthehotsun.Wardeisalsoprogrammedto30topublictransportservice,springingtolifeasthetramsarriveanddepartfromthesquare,31travellersnottomisstheirtram.Temporary32projectssuchasWardearebeingusedmoreandmoreasawaytoreengagecommunitieswithneglectedspaces.33it’sstilltooearlytosayifValeroSquarehasbeenbroughtbacktolifebyWarde,theprojecthascertainlymanagedtogenerateincreasedpublic34inthespace.35,Wardeisanexcellentexampleofhowurbanartprojectscanbeagreattoolforgettingpeopletostopandreallytakenoticeoftheir36.22．A．rebuilt B．monitored C．neglected D．resolved23．A．positive B．memorable C．enormous D．lively24．A．ideal B．different C．complex D．enjoyable25．A．holdback B．turnup C．passby D．lookover26．A．a(chǎn)ir B．traps C．smog D．pipes27．A．confusing B．a(chǎn)mazing C．demanding D．embarrassing28．A．faint B．dense C．still D．separate29．A．vacancy B．relief C．tolerance D．distance30．A．connect B．shift C．react D．subject31．A．reminding B．persuading C．warning D．urging32．A．investment B．science C．construction D．a(chǎn)rt33．A．While B．If C．Considering D．As34．A．relations B．interest C．trust D．order35．A．Inotherwords B．Inanycase C．Inreturn D．Inaddition36．A．surroundings B．a(chǎn)tmosphere C．neighborhood D．location第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分,滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ChinahaslaunchedtheCR450scienceandtechnologyinnovationproject37(develop)anevenfastertrain.Accordingtothenationalplan,amoreadvancedbullettrain,withatopoperatingspeedof400kilometersperhourandan38(experiment)speedofupto450kmperhour,theCR450wouldsoonberevealed.Bytheendof2022,China’stransportationnetwork39(grow)tocovermorethan6millionkilometers.From2018to2022,China’stransportationsector(部門)sawinvestmentsofl7trillionyuaninfixedassets(固定資產(chǎn)),officialssaidat40newsconference.Bytheendof2022,China’srailwaynetworkhadcovered155,000km,ofwhich42,000kmwerehigh-speedrailways,41(account)formorethantwo-thirdsoftheworld’shigh-speedrailways.Inaddition,Chinahasdevelopedtheworld’s42(large)roadnetwork,whichcovers5.35millionkilometers,ofwhich177,000kmarefreeways.China,43alsohas128,000kmofinlandwaterwaysand21,000berths(泊位),canaccommodateindustrialproduction.Fifty-threecitieshavecitymetrotransportationsystems,with44(they)operationscoveringatotalof9,584km.Nearlyalladministrativevillages,townsandcountieshaveaccess45hardenedroadsandbusservices.Post46(office)areestablishedinalltowns.第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié),滿分40分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）47．假定你是李華，以下是近期你在網(wǎng)上看到的關(guān)于廈門的旅游宣傳冊(cè)，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)宣傳冊(cè)的內(nèi)容，制定旅行計(jì)劃，并給你的英國筆友Bill寫一封電子郵件，并邀請(qǐng)他和你一起到廈門旅游。1.到鼓浪嶼、廈門大學(xué)等地方參觀。2.欣賞音樂，品美味美食等。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二節(jié)（滿分25分）JohnCarpenterdidnotliketobuytoysthatsomebodyelsehadmade.Helikedthefunofmakingthemhimself.Thethoughtthattheywerehisownworkdelightedhim.TomAustin,oneofhisplaymates,thoughtatoywasworthnothingunlessitcostagreatdealofmoney.Henevertriedtomakeanything,butboughtallhistoys."Comeandlookatmyhorse,"saidhe,oneday."Itcostadollar,anditissuchabe