太和中學(xué)高二年級(jí)教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)試卷英語(yǔ)考生注意：1.本試卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分。滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。2.答題前，考生務(wù)必用直徑0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆將密封線內(nèi)項(xiàng)目填寫清楚。3.考生作答時(shí)，請(qǐng)將答案答在答題卡上。選擇題每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑；非選擇題請(qǐng)用直徑0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆在答題卡上各題的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無(wú)效，在試題卷、草稿紙上作答無(wú)效。4.本卷命題范圍：人教版必修第一冊(cè)~選擇性必修第四冊(cè)。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatisthewoman?A.Astudent.B.Ateacher.C.Asecretary.2.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.GeorgeisclevererthanTom.B.GeorgeworksharderthanTom.C.George’sgradesarebetterthanTom’s.3Whydoesthemantalktothewoman?A.Toputoffameeting.B.Toseekconfirmation.C.Toextendaninvitation.4.Howwillthemangototheairporttomorrow?A.Bycar.B.Bybus.C.Bytaxi.5.Whatwillthewomandotonight?A.Attendaparty.B.Chairameeting.C.Gotothetheatre.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthesongtheboyislisteningto?A.Unfashionable.B.Noisy.C.Amazing.7.Whichsongdoesthewomansuggestplaying?A.MyLove.B.YesterdayOnceMore.C.MyHeartWillGoOn.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Wheredoesthemanprobablywanttogoforvacation?A.AnEnglishclub.B.Aquietisland.C.Acrowdedbeach.9.Whatisthewomaninterestedinwhenonholiday?A.Meetingpeople.B.PractisingEnglish.C.Takingphotos.10.Whatdoweknowaboutthespeakers?A.Theyaretourguides.B.TheycomefromtheUSA.C.Theyhavedifferentideasabouttraveling.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Howdidthemanprobablyfeelatnoon?A.Tiredandhungry.B.Relaxedandcalm.C.Pleasedandproud.12.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Makealotoffriends.B.QuittheStudents’Union.C.Finishhishomework.13.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Strangers.C.Classmates.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.Whatdoesthemansayabouthisnewneighbourhood?A.Thereisnoheavytraffic.B.Thereisnostorenearby.C.Thereisslightairpollution.15.Howlongdoesittakethemantodrivetowork?A.About20minutes.B.About30minutes.C.About40minutes.16.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Athome.B.Atabusstation.C.Inanoffice.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whereisthespeakeroriginallyfrom?A.India.B.Japan.C.America.18.HowoldwasthespeakerwhenhemovedtoVenezuela?A.16.B.19.C.20.19.Whatwasthespeaker’smajorintheuniversity?A.Spanisheducation.B.Englishliterature.C.Worldhistory.20.Whatdoesthespeakerlovedoinginhisfreetime?A.Playingfootball.B.Writing.C.Cycling.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheGuideonYourTriptoCopenhagenRegularlyrankedamongthehappiestplacesglobally,Copenhagenisapleasantplaceforvisitorsandresidentsalike.PlanningYourTripBestTimetoVisit:Whilealmosteverymonthoftheyearhasitsownappeal,thebesttimetovisitCopenhagenisMaythroughSeptember.OneofCopenhagen’smostattractivepartsisthatevenduringthepeakmonthsofJulyandAugust,thecityisnevercrowdedwithpeoplebutfulloflifeandenergy.GettingAround:BikingisbyfarthemostcommonwaytogetaroundtheflatstreetsofCopenhagen.Downloadabike-shareapporrentabikefromyourhotel.Thedriverless,eco-friendlyMetro,busesandwaterbusescovermostofthecity.TravelTip:Ifyouhavedata,pre-loadyourphonewithafewkeyapps,likeDonkeyRepublicforquickbikerentalsandMobilbilletterforbuyingticketsforpublictransportation.ThingstoDoCopenhagen’smuseumscovereverythingfromancientVikingstoAndyWarholandareadrawformanyvisitors.Shoppingtrips,canaltoursandlunchesaroundtownfillthedayswhiletoptables,excellentcocktailsandlivemusicoccupythenights.CultureandCustomsTheDanes(丹麥人)arepoliteandvaluearrivingontime(Seriously,don’tbelatefordinnerreservations!),buttheyarenotoverlywarmtopeopleoutsideoftheirtight-knitgroupsoffriends.Unlessyou’reatafive-starrestaurant,expecttoflagdownamemberofthewaitstaffatleastonce,andtheyalmostcertainlywon’tstopbytomakesureyou’reenjoyingyourmeal.Ifyou’dlikeanotherglassofwineortoordersomethingelse,don’tbeshy.Tippingisnotexpected.1.WhenisthebesttimetovisitCopenhagen?A.June. B.April. C.October. D.December.2.WhatcanpeopledoonMobilbilletter?A.Rentbikes. B.Buybustickets.C.Listentomusic. D.Ordermeals.3.WhatcanbelearntabouttheDanes?A.Theyalwaystipthewaiters. B.Theyareoverlywarmtostrangers.C.Theyoftenarriveontimeforameeting. D.Theyoftenbehaveimpolitely.【答案】1.A2.B3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了哥本哈根之旅的指南?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PlanningYourTrip部分“BestTimetoVisit:Whilealmosteverymonthoftheyearhasitsownappeal,thebesttimetovisitCopenhagenisMaythroughSeptember.(最佳游覽時(shí)間：雖然一年中幾乎每個(gè)月都有其獨(dú)特魅力，但游覽哥本哈根的最佳時(shí)間是5月到9月)”可知，去哥本哈根旅游最好的時(shí)間是從5月到9月。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PlanningYourTrip部分“TravelTip:Ifyouhavedata,pre-loadyourphonewithafewkeyapps,likeDonkeyRepublicforquickbikerentalsandMobilbilletterforbuyingticketsforpublictransportation.(旅行小貼士：如果有數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，提前在手機(jī)上預(yù)裝幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵應(yīng)用程序，比如用于快速租賃自行車的DonkeyRepublic和購(gòu)買公共交通車票的Mobilbilletter)”可知，人們可以在Mobilbilletter上買公交車車票。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)CultureandCustoms部分“TheDanesarepoliteandvaluearrivingontime(Seriously,don’tbelatefordinnerreservations!)(丹麥人彬彬有禮，且重視準(zhǔn)時(shí)(說(shuō)真的，晚餐預(yù)約別遲到！))”可推斷，丹麥人見面通常會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)。故選C。BSouthKoreanpoetandnovelistHanKangwasawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiteratureThursdayforapoeticandunsettlingbodyofworkthattheNobelcommitteesaid“dealswithhistoricalpainsandexposestheweaknessofhumanlife”.Aslow-burninginternationalliterarystarwhohaswonmultipleawardsinSouthKoreaandEurope,HanisthefirstAsianwomanandthefirstSouthKoreanwritertowintheNobelLiteraturePrize.Shewasawardedforbooks,includingTheVegetarianandHumanActs,whichexplorethepainofbeinghumanandthescars(傷疤)ofKorea’sunstablehistory.NobelLiteratureCommitteememberAnna-KarinPalmsaid,“Hanwritesaboutpainandloss,whetherindividualorcollective,withthesamepityandcare.Andthis,Ithink,issomethingthatisquiteremarkable.”Han,53,wontheInternationalBookerPrizeforfictiontranslatedintoEnglishin2016forTheVegetarian,anunsettlingnovelinwhichawoman’sdecisiontostopeatingmeathasdisastrousresults.WorkstranslatedintoEnglishalsoincludeGreekLessons—abouttherelationshipbetweenawomanwhocannolongerspeakandateacherwhoislosinghissight,HumanActswhichisbasedonthereal-lifekillingofpro-democracyprotestersinHan’shomecityofGwangjuin1980andTheWhiteBook,apoeticnovelthatdrawsonthedeathofHan’soldersistershortlyafterbirth.HumanActswonItaly’sMalapartePrizein2017andTheWhiteBookwasanInternationalBookerPrizefinalistin2018.Hermostrecentnovel,WeDoNotPart,isduetobepublishedinEnglishnextyear.IttouchesonachapterinSouthKorea’s20th-centuryhistory,whichsawthecountryendurewar,thedivisionoftheKoreanpeninsulaanddictatorship.Thenoveldealswitha1948—1949uprisingonJeju,anislandsouthoftheKoreanmainlandinwhichthousandsofpeoplewerekilled.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collective”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Shared. B.Special. C.Private. D.Selected.5.WhichofHanKang’sworkswontheInternationalBookerPrizein2016?A.HumanActs. B.TheWhiteBook. C.TheVegetarian. D.GreekLessons.6.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.TheculturalelementsinHanKang’sworks.B.ThethemesexploredinHanKang’sworks.C.TheawardsthatHanKang’sworkshavewon.D.ThebriefintroductionofsomeofHanKang’sworks.7.WhatcanbelearnedaboutWeDoNotPartbyHanKangaccordingtothetext?A.Itisalight-heartedstory. B.Itdealswithhistoricalevents.C.Itfocusesonloveandromance. D.Itismorepopularthanherpreviousworks.【答案】4.A5.C6.D7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了韓國(guó)作者韓江以及其著作情況?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Hanwritesaboutpainandloss,whetherindividualor(韓江以同樣的同情和關(guān)懷，描寫了個(gè)人)”可知，or表示選擇關(guān)系，說(shuō)明前后的單詞意思相反，與individual（個(gè)人）對(duì)應(yīng)的是“集體”或“共享”。故劃線詞意思是“共享的”。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Han,53,wontheInternationalBookerPrizeforfictiontranslatedintoEnglishin2016forTheVegetarian,anunsettlingnovelinwhichawoman’sdecisiontostopeatingmeathasdisastrousresults.(2016年，53歲韓江憑借《素食者》獲得國(guó)際布克獎(jiǎng)英譯小說(shuō)獎(jiǎng)，這是一部令人不安的小說(shuō)，講述了一位女性停止吃肉的決定帶來(lái)了災(zāi)難性的后果)”可知，《素食者》獲得了2016年國(guó)際布克獎(jiǎng)。故選C?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段“WorkstranslatedintoEnglishalsoincludeGreekLessons—abouttherelationshipbetweenawomanwhocannolongerspeakandateacherwhoislosinghissight,HumanActswhichisbasedonthereal-lifekillingofpro-democracyprotestersinHan’shomecityofGwangjuin1980andTheWhiteBook,apoeticnovelthatdrawsonthedeathofHan’soldersistershortlyafterbirth.(被翻譯成英文的作品還包括《失語(yǔ)者》——講述的是一名失語(yǔ)婦女和一名失明教師之間的關(guān)系；《少年來(lái)了》——改編自1980年在韓的家鄉(xiāng)光州發(fā)生的民主抗議者被殺害的真實(shí)事件；《白》——一部以韓的姐姐出生后不久死亡為題材的詩(shī)歌小說(shuō))”可知，第5段的主要內(nèi)容是韓江作品探討的主題。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Hermostrecentnovel,WeDoNotPart,isduetobepublishedinEnglishnextyear.IttouchesonachapterinSouthKorea’s20th-centuryhistory,whichsawthecountryendurewar,thedivisionoftheKoreanpeninsulaanddictatorship.Thenoveldealswitha1948—1949uprisingonJeju,anislandsouthoftheKoreanmainlandinwhichthousandsofpeoplewerekilled.(她的最新小說(shuō)《不做告別》將于明年英文版出版。它觸及了韓國(guó)20世紀(jì)歷史上的一章，這個(gè)國(guó)家經(jīng)歷了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、朝鮮半島的分裂和獨(dú)裁統(tǒng)治。這部小說(shuō)講述了1948年至1949年發(fā)生在韓國(guó)南部島嶼濟(jì)州島的一場(chǎng)起義，數(shù)千人在這場(chǎng)起義中喪生)”可知，《不做告別》是關(guān)于歷史事件的。故選B。CIt’sarealityshowaboutalovingcouplewaitingtowelcometheirnewarrival,watchedbythousandsoffans.ButthestarsofRoyalCam,nowinits10thseason,aren’tcelebritiesinlovebutnorthernroyalalbatrosses—seabirdsfromNewZealandwiththree-meterwingspans(翼展).The24-hourlivestreamofthebirds’breeding(繁殖)seasonatTaiaroaHeadonNewZealand’sSouthIslandwasestablishedtoraiseawarenessofthethreatenedspecies,numbersofwhichhavegrownslowlyintimethankstocarefulprotectionefforts.Millionshavewatchedthestreamsinceitbeganin2016.“Beforethat,itwasverydifficulttofollowanalbatross’lifecyclebecausethey’reonlyonland15%ofthetime,”saidSharynBroni,aranger(護(hù)林員)intheDepartmentofConservationwhohasworkedwiththebirdsfornearly30years.“You’dhavetotravelalongwaytoseeone.”RoyalCam’spopularityhasexplodedinrecentyears.OnabusycommentspagehostedbyNewZealand’sDepartmentofConservation,fanstrackthebirds’locationsonanapp,discussinterestingmomentsandevencreateartinspiredbythealbatrosses.Unlikehumanrealityshows,dramaisrare.Royalalbatrossesusuallymateforlife.Rangersselectingthebirdstofolloweachyearavoidanythingatissue:nofirst-timeparentsandnofight-lovingpersonalities.Thisyear’sstarsareRLK,a12-year-oldmale,andGLG,a14-year-oldfemale,whohaveraisedtwochicksbefore.Theirnamescomefromthecolorsonbandsthatrangersattachtotheirlegs.Everythinghappensslowlyintheshowandthat’swhatmanyfansenjoyaboutit.Cloudsdriftby,shipspassinthedistanceandthesunsets,turningtheskypinkandpeach.Duringtheincubation(孵化)seasoninJanuary,thealbatrossessitontheireggs.Butthereareoccasionalmomentsofdrama,withalbatrosscrashlandingsandmatingdances.Andperhapsthemostexcitingaspectistheprogressthatthisgrouphasmade.Whenprotectionmeasuresbeganin1937,therewasjustonematingpairhere,butnowtherearemorethan60.8.Whatcanwesayaboutthealbatrossesaccordingtothetext?A.Effortstoprotectthemhaveworked. B.Theyreproduceveryquickly.C.Theycanbeeasilyfoundinmanyplaces. D.Theirnaturalhomehasbeenlost.9.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph5?A.Albatrossesareaspopularashumancelebrities.B.Thealbatrossesfortheshowarecarefullyselected.C.Long-termalbatrossmatingdrivestheshow’sviewership.D.Albatrosses’namesaretoocomplexforfanstoremember.10.WhydomanyfansliketheRoyalCam?A.Itsavesmanyinjuredbirds. B.Itprovidesusefultipsonbird-watching.C.It’sfullofdramaticmoments. D.Itshowsapeacefullife.11.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheLifeCycleofRoyalAlbatrosses. B.TheRareAlbatrossesofNewZealand.C.Albatross-themedArtandFanInteraction. D.APopularRealityShowStarringAlbatrosses.【答案】8.A9.B10.D11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了通過24小時(shí)直播新西蘭北方皇家信天翁繁殖季的RoyalCam節(jié)目，及其對(duì)保護(hù)這一瀕危物種的意義和它受到全球觀眾喜愛的情況。8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“The24-hourlivestreamofthebirds’breeding(繁殖)seasonatTaiaroaHeadonNewZealand’sSouthIslandwasestablishedtoraiseawarenessofthethreatenedspecies,numbersofwhichhavegrownslowlyintimethankstocarefulprotectionefforts.(新西蘭南島泰阿羅阿角的鳥類繁殖季24小時(shí)直播節(jié)目得以設(shè)立，旨在提高人們對(duì)這種瀕危物種的保護(hù)意識(shí)。由于采取了精心的保護(hù)措施，該物種的數(shù)量隨著時(shí)間的推移已在緩慢增長(zhǎng))”可知，保護(hù)信天翁的努力已經(jīng)取得了成效，它們的數(shù)量在緩慢增長(zhǎng)。這說(shuō)明保護(hù)信天翁的努力有了成效。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Rangersselectingthebirdstofolloweachyearavoidanythingatissue:nofirst-timeparentsandnofight-lovingpersonalities.(每年挑選要跟蹤觀察的信天翁的護(hù)林員會(huì)避開任何有問題的情況：不選初次當(dāng)父母的信天翁，也不選有好斗習(xí)性的信天翁)”可推斷，節(jié)目中展示的信天翁是經(jīng)過精心挑選的。故選B。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Everythinghappensslowlyintheshowandthat’swhatmanyfansenjoyaboutit.Cloudsdriftby,shipspassinthedistanceandthesunsets,turningtheskypinkandpeach.Duringtheincubation(孵化)seasoninJanuary,thealbatrossessitontheireggs.(在這個(gè)節(jié)目中，一切都緩緩發(fā)生，而這正是許多粉絲喜歡它的地方。云朵飄過，船只從遠(yuǎn)處駛過，夕陽(yáng)西下，把天空染成了粉色和桃紅色。在一月份的孵化季節(jié)，信天翁們就臥在它們的蛋上)”可知，許多粉絲喜歡RoyalCam是因?yàn)樗故玖艘环N平靜的生活。故選D?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合文章第一段“It’sarealityshowaboutalovingcouplewaitingtowelcometheirnewarrival,watchedbythousandsoffans.ButthestarsofRoyalCam,nowinits10thseason,aren’tcelebritiesinlovebutnorthernroyalalbatrosses—seabirdsfromNewZealandwiththree-meterwingspans(翼展).(這是一檔關(guān)于一對(duì)恩愛的“伴侶”等待迎接新生命降臨的真人秀節(jié)目，吸引了數(shù)千名粉絲觀看。不過，如今已播出到第十季的RoyalCam中的主角并非熱戀中的名人，而是北方皇家信天翁——一種來(lái)自新西蘭、翼展達(dá)三米的海鳥)”可知，文章主要介紹了一檔以信天翁為主角的真人秀節(jié)目RoyalCam，講述了該節(jié)目的背景、受歡迎程度以及節(jié)目?jī)?nèi)容等。因此，D選項(xiàng)“APopularRealityShowStarringAlbatrosses(一檔受歡迎的信天翁真人秀節(jié)目)”最符合文章主旨，是文章的最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。DMothersoftensaythatpregnancy(懷孕)isatimeunlikeanyother—boththebodyandthebrainchangeinnewandsometimesscaryways.Andanewstudyhastriedtofindoutexactlyhowmuchofachangewomen’sbrainsexperienceduringpregnancyandtheearlystagesofmotherhood.Accordingtoaninternationalresearchteam,94%ofpregnantpeople’sgraymatterexperiencesareductioninvolumeofupto5%.“Pregnancytransformsthebrain,”thestudy’sseniorauthorOscarVilarroyasaid.Graymatterisfoundthroughoutourcentralnervoussystem,whichisinthebrainandinthespinalcord(脊髓).TheClevelandClinicsaysgraymatterplaysasignificantroleinallaspectsofhumanfunctioning,addingthatitisessentialforcontrollingmovement,memoryandemotions.Toexplorethechangesingraymatterduringpregnancy,theresearcherslookedat127first-timemothersinSpain.Theyweretrackedfrombeforetheybecamepregnanttosixmonthsaftergivingbirth,andhadfiveMRIscanstolookattheirbrainstructureatdifferentstagesofpregnancyandmotherhood.Theirhormone(激素)levelswerealsomeasured,andtheycompletedquestionnairesabouttheirwellbeing.ThestudyfoundthatgraymattervolumechangesinaU-shapedpattern.Sovolumesdecreasedby2.7%duringthesecondthree-monthperiodofpregnancy,and5%justbeforebirth,butbegantoincreaseagaininthesixmonthsaftergivingbirth.Variationsinhormonelevelswereidentifiedasthelikelycauseforthechangesingraymatter.Therecoveryingraymattervolumeaftergivingbirthwasassociatedwithgreatermother-babyattachment,Vilarroyasaid,althoughthevolumedidn’trecovertopre-pregnancylevel.Thisrecoveryalongwiththelevelofattachmenttothebabyisalsoinfluencedbythestateofthemother’smentalhealth,thestudyfound.Theresearcherssaidthatunderstandingmoreaboutthewaywomen’sbrainschangeduringpregnancyiscrucial,becauseitallowsexpertstobettersupportnewmothers.12.Whatcanbeconcludedaboutgraymatterfromthetext?A.Itonlyexistsinthebrain. B.Itsvolumeisfixedinourbody.C.Itisimportantforhumanfunctions. D.Itsmainroleistoadjusthormonelevels.13.Howdidtheresearchersconductthestudy?A.Bytrackingwomenatdifferentstages. B.Byanalyzingquestionnairesfromfathers.C.Byobservingthecolorofthebabies’eyes. D.Bytestingpregnantwomenandtheirbabies.14.Aftergivingbirth,thegraymatterofnewmothers________.A.continuestoreduce B.startstoincreaseC.remainsthesameasatbirth D.returnstopre-pregnancyvolume15.Whatmighthappenifanewmotherhaspoormentalhealth?A.Herbabymaygetsickeasily. B.Hermemorymaysufferasharpdecrease.C.Herattachmenttothebabymaybeweak. D.Herhormonelevelswillrisequickly.【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講的是孕期和初為人母期間女性大腦灰質(zhì)體積的變化及其對(duì)母嬰關(guān)系的影響。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“TheClevelandClinicsaysgraymatterplaysasignificantroleinallaspectsofhumanfunctioning,addingthatitisessentialforcontrollingmovement,memoryandemotions.(克利夫蘭診所表示，灰質(zhì)在人類功能的各個(gè)方面都發(fā)揮著重要作用，并補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，它對(duì)控制運(yùn)動(dòng)、記憶和情緒至關(guān)重要)”可知，灰質(zhì)對(duì)人體機(jī)能很重要。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Theyweretrackedfrombeforetheybecamepregnanttosixmonthsaftergivingbirth,andhadfiveMRIscanstolookattheirbrainstructureatdifferentstagesofpregnancyandmotherhood.(研究人員從她們懷孕前到分娩后六個(gè)月對(duì)她們進(jìn)行了跟蹤，并對(duì)她們?cè)趹言泻妥瞿赣H的不同階段的大腦結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了五次核磁共振掃描)”可知，研究人員通過追蹤女性在不同階段的情況來(lái)進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)研究。故選A項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“ThestudyfoundthatgraymattervolumechangesinaU-shapedpattern.Sovolumesdecreasedby2.7%duringthesecondthree-monthperiodofpregnancy,and5%justbeforebirth,butbegantoincreaseagaininthesixmonthsaftergivingbirth.(研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，大腦灰質(zhì)體積的變化呈u型曲線，即在懷孕的第二三個(gè)月，灰質(zhì)體積下降了2.7%，在分娩前5%下降，但在分娩后的六個(gè)月又開始增加)”以及第六段“Therecoveryingraymattervolumeaftergivingbirthwasassociatedwithgreatermother-babyattachment,Vilarroyasaid,althoughthevolumedidn’trecovertopre-pregnancylevel.(Vilarroya說(shuō)，分娩后灰質(zhì)體積的恢復(fù)與母子關(guān)系的增強(qiáng)有關(guān)，盡管灰質(zhì)體積沒有恢復(fù)到懷孕前的水平)”可推斷，新手媽媽產(chǎn)后的灰質(zhì)開始增加，但并未完全恢復(fù)到孕前水平。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段“Thisrecoveryalongwiththelevelofattachmenttothebabyisalsoinfluencedbythestateofthemother'smentalhealth,thestudyfound.(研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種恢復(fù)以及對(duì)嬰兒的依戀程度也受到母親心理健康狀況的影響)”可推斷，如果一位新手媽媽心理健康狀況不佳，她對(duì)寶寶的依戀可能會(huì)很弱。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Theholidaysareuponus,andastheendoftheyeardrawsevercloser,millionsofpeoplewillvisitfriendsandrelatives.___16___,especiallyifyourguestsdon’tknowhowtoreadbodylanguageandrefusetoleave.PrepareyourhouseproperlyinadvanceToensurethatyoucanrelaxandenjoythetimewithyourguests,takethetimetoguest-proofyourhomebeforethecrowdsarrive.Forexample,checkthattheoutdoorlightingisworkingandsufficienttolightthewayfromparkingareastothefrontdoor.___17___.Protectthefloorswithsparerugs,waterproofmats,andboottrayssoyourguestsdon’truinyourfloorswithrainandsnow.___18___Yourhomeisyourcastle,andyouobviouslygettosettherules.Ifsomethingisimportanttoyou,forexample,askinggueststoremovetheirshoes,youshouldmakeitveryclearsothere’snomisunderstanding.Don’tbeafraidtoplaceasignintheentrywaywithalistofhouserulesifthey’reimportanttoyou.ProtectyourprivatespacesJustbecauseyou’reopeningyourhomeandinvitingpeopleinsidedoesn’tmeantheyautomaticallyhavetherunoftheplace.Whilecertainareasofthehomearegoingtobeconsideredopentoyourguests,youcandefinitelymarkcertainareasofyourhomeasprivateandyoushould.Yourownbedroom,themasterbathroom,andanyroomyoudon’twantpeopletoenterforanyreasoncanbemarked.___19___.SecureyourvaluablesIt’sdoubtfulthatyourrelativesordearfriendshavecometoyourholidaygatheringaspartofawell-designedplantorobyou.___20___—stuffgetsknockedover,pushedovertheedgeofatableordresser,orpickedupandputdowninanunexpectedspot.Topreventanymisunderstandingsorpropertyloss,walkthroughthehousebeforeguestsarriveandputawayanythingyou’drathernotlose.A.ButaccidentshappenB.CleanupthebathroomsC.ShowtherulesthatareimportanttoyouD.HostingfriendsandrelativescanbedifficultE.Clearsnowandicefromsteps,walkwaysandporchesF.Don’tbeafraidtolockadoororputupasigntomakethisveryclearG.Guestsaregoingtouseyourbathroomsandprobablywanderinandoutofthekitchen【答案】16.D17.E18.C19.F20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了在節(jié)假日期間，如何準(zhǔn)備和接待來(lái)訪的朋友和親戚，確保自己能夠放松并享受與他們共度的時(shí)光?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)下文“especiallyifyourguestsdon’tknowhowtoreadbodylanguageandrefusetoleave.(尤其是如果你的客人不懂得解讀肢體語(yǔ)言，還拒絕離開。)”可知，招待親朋好友可能會(huì)有困難。選項(xiàng)D“Hostingfriendsandrelativescanbedifficult(招待親朋好友可能會(huì)很困難)”符合語(yǔ)境，引出下文。故選D?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“checkthattheoutdoorlightingisworkingandsufficienttolightthewayfromparkingareastothefrontdoor(檢查室外照明是否正常，是否足以照亮從停車場(chǎng)到前門的路)”以及下文“Protectthefloorswithsparerugs,waterproofmats,andboottrayssoyourguestsdon’truinyourfloorswithrainandsnow.(用備用地毯、防水地墊和鞋架保護(hù)地板，這樣你的客人就不會(huì)用雨雪弄臟你的地板)”可知，此處應(yīng)是關(guān)于室外其他準(zhǔn)備工作的內(nèi)容。選項(xiàng)E“Clearsnowandicefromsteps,walkwaysandporches(清理臺(tái)階、人行道和門廊上的冰雪)”符合室外準(zhǔn)備工作的邏輯。故選E?！?8題詳解】空處為小標(biāo)題，為本段主要內(nèi)容；根據(jù)下文“Yourhomeisyourcastle,andyouobviouslygettosettherules.Ifsomethingisimportanttoyou,forexample,askinggueststoremovetheirshoes,youshouldmakeitveryclearsothere’snomisunderstanding.Don’tbeafraidtoplaceasignintheentrywaywithalistofhouserulesifthey’reimportanttoyou.(你的家就是你的城堡，顯然你可以制定規(guī)則。如果有什么對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)很重要，比如要求客人脫鞋，你應(yīng)該明確說(shuō)明，以免產(chǎn)生誤解。如果這些規(guī)則對(duì)你很重要，不要害怕在入口處張貼一份家規(guī)清單。)”可知，要說(shuō)明主人可以在家里制定自己的規(guī)則，并讓客人明確知道。選項(xiàng)C“Showtherulesthatareimportanttoyou(展示對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)重要的規(guī)則)”能概括本段內(nèi)容，適合作為小標(biāo)題。故選C?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Yourownbedroom,themasterbathroom,andanyroomyoudon’twantpeopletoenterforanyreasoncanbemarked.(你自己的臥室、主浴室，以及任何你出于某種原因不想讓別人進(jìn)入的房間都可以做標(biāo)記。)”可知，上文指出要讓客人清楚這些是私人區(qū)域。選項(xiàng)F“Don’tbeafraidtolockadoororputupasigntomakethisveryclear(不要害怕鎖門或張貼標(biāo)志來(lái)明確這一點(diǎn))”符合語(yǔ)境，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明如何讓客人明確私人區(qū)域。故選F。【20題詳解】根據(jù)上文“It’sdoubtfulthatyourrelativesordearfriendshavecometoyourholidaygatheringaspartofawell-designedplantorobyou.(你的親戚或摯友不太可能是精心策劃來(lái)你家聚會(huì)并搶劫你的)”以及下文“stuffgetsknockedover,pushedovertheedgeofatableordresser,orpickedupandputdowninanunexpectedspot.(東西可能會(huì)被碰倒、從桌子或梳妝臺(tái)上推落，或者被拿起后放在意想不到的地方)”可知，雖然不太可能是故意搶劫，但意外可能會(huì)發(fā)生。選項(xiàng)A“Butaccidentshappen(但意外會(huì)發(fā)生)”符合語(yǔ)境，引出下文關(guān)于意外情況的描述。故選A。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。OnNovember29,aterriblesnowstormhitNewYorkStateRoute5.Manydriversandpassengerswerevery___21___becausetheywere___22___ontheroad.Amongthem,a64-year-oldwoman’ssituationwasextremely___23___.ShewasonherwaytoClevelandClinicinOhioforahearttransplantsurgery(移植手術(shù)).Atthattime,shewasusingabattery-powereddevicetokeepherheart___24___Whenthebadweatherstoppedher___25___,herhusbandaskedanurseattheclinicforhelp.Thenursethen___26___calledtheNewYorkStatePolice.Thestatepolicecarriedouta(n)___27___rescue.Itwasadifficultprocesswithmany___28___,includingaplaneride.First,thepolicetookthewomantothePortlandFireDepartmentandthentoWestfieldMemorialHospital.Afterthat,theytransportedhertotheJamestownAirportwherethe___29___wasbetter.Finally,shewasflowntoClevelandClinicbyplane.Thepolicealsopostedashortmessageonline.They___30___somephotosofcarsandtrucksstuckinthesnow.They___31___peopletostayofftheroadsforsafetywhiletheworkerswere___32___theroads.It’sreally___33___thatthepatient’sdaughterleftacommenttothankthepolice.Shesaidwordscouldnevershowhow___34___herfamilywas.Shewasreallythankfulthatthepolice___35___hermomandhelpedhergetachanceforanewheart.21.A.calm B.afraid C.ashamed D.relieved22.A.asleep B.injured C.alone D.trapped23.A.normal B.urgent C.simple D.funny24.A.working B.resting C.failing D.shaking25.A.adventure B.routine C.journey D.project26.A.slowly B.quietly C.carefully D.immediately27.A.amazing B.alarming C.disappointing D.confusing28A.targets B.steps C.materials D.decorations29.A.food B.air C.weather D.accommodation30.A.setaside B.tookdown C.lookedup D.putup31.A.reminded B.forced C.encouraged D.ordered32.A.building B.repairing C.painting D.cleaning33.A.heart-warming B.ear-pleasing C.time-consuming D.mind-blowing34.A.angry B.sorry C.grateful D.regretful35.A.cured B.saved C.abandoned D.ignored【答案】21.B22.D23.B24.A25.C26.D27.A28.B29.C30.D31.A32.B33.A34.C35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了暴風(fēng)雪中警方營(yíng)救一位等待心臟移植的病人的故事?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：許多司機(jī)和乘客都非常害怕，因?yàn)樗麄儽焕г诼飞稀.calm冷靜的；B.afraid害怕的；C.ashamed羞愧的；D.relieved寬慰的。根據(jù)前文“aterriblesnowstormhitNewYorkStateRoute5”可知，暴風(fēng)雪襲擊了公路，司機(jī)和乘客被困在路上，因此他們感到害怕。故選B。22題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：許多司機(jī)和乘客都非常害怕，因?yàn)樗麄儽焕г诼飞?。A.asleep睡著的；B.injured受傷的；C.alone獨(dú)自的；D.trapped被困的。根據(jù)前文“aterriblesnowstormhitNewYorkStateRoute5”可知，暴風(fēng)雪導(dǎo)致司機(jī)和乘客被困在路上。故選D。【23題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：其中，一名64歲婦女的情況極為緊急。A.normal正常的；B.urgent緊急的；C.simple簡(jiǎn)單的；D.funny有趣的。根據(jù)后文“ShewasonherwaytoClevelandClinicinOhioforahearttransplantsurgery”可知，這名婦女急需進(jìn)行心臟移植手術(shù)，因此這是情況緊急。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)時(shí)，她正在使用一個(gè)電池供電的設(shè)備來(lái)維持心臟的工作。A.working工作；B.resting休息；C.failing失??；D.shaking搖晃。根據(jù)前文“abattery-powereddevice”可知，這個(gè)設(shè)備是用來(lái)維持心臟工作的。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)惡劣的天氣阻止了她的旅程時(shí)，她的丈夫向診所的護(hù)士求助。A.adventure冒險(xiǎn)；B.routine常規(guī)；C.journey旅程，行程；D.project項(xiàng)目。根據(jù)前文“ShewasonherwaytoClevelandClinicinOhioforahearttransplantsurgery”可知，這名婦女正在前往診所的途中，因此惡劣的天氣阻止了她的行程。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：護(hù)士立即打電話給紐約州警方。A.slowly緩慢地；B.quietly安靜地；C.carefully仔細(xì)地；D.immediately立即地。根據(jù)后文“Thestatepolicecarriedouta(n)___7___rescue.”可知，警方立即展開了救援行動(dòng)，因此護(hù)士應(yīng)該是立即打電話給警方。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：州警方進(jìn)行了一次驚人的救援。A.amazing驚人的；B.alarming令人擔(dān)憂的；C.disappointing令人失望的；D.confusing令人困惑的。根據(jù)后文“First,thepolicetookthewomantothePortlandFireDepartmentandthentoWestfieldMemorialHospital.Afterthat,theytransportedhertotheJamestownAirportwherethe___9___wasbetter.Finally,shewasflowntoClevelandClinicbyplane.”可知，救援過程的艱難和復(fù)雜，所以說(shuō)這次救援是驚人的。故選A?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這是一個(gè)艱難的過程，有許多步驟，包括乘坐飛機(jī)。A.targets目標(biāo)；B.steps步驟；C.materials材料；D.decorations裝飾。根據(jù)后文“F