2014年6月大學(xué)英語四級考試真題答案及解析（卷一）寫作部分題目：Supposeaforeignfriendofyoursiscomingtovisityourcampus,whatisthemostinterestingplaceyouwouldliketotakehim/hertoseeandwhy?參考范文Ifaforeignfriendiscomingtovisitmycampus,I'dliketotakehim/hertotheschoollibrary.Firstofall,thearchitectureofourlibraryisquiteunique.Itcombinesmoderndesignwithtraditionalelements,lookingbothgrandandelegant.Thelarge-glasscurtainwallontheoutsidecanreflecttheblueskyandwhitecloudsindifferentseasons,creatingaverybeautifulpicture.Secondly,thelibraryisatreasure-houseofknowledge.Ithasavastcollectionofbooks,coveringvariousfieldssuchasliterature,science,history,andart.WhethermyfriendisinterestedinclassicChinesenovelslikeDreamoftheRedChamberorcutting-edgescientificresearchpapers,he/shecanfindrelevantmaterialshere.Moreover,thelibraryprovidesaquietandcomfortablestudyenvironment.Thereareplentyofreadingareasequippedwithdesks,chairs,andsoftlighting.Myfriendcanexperiencethepeacefulatmosphereoflearningoncampus,justlikearealstudenthere.Inconclusion,thelibraryisnotonlyaplaceforlearningbutalsoasymbolofourcampusculture.Itcanoffermyforeignfriendadeepunderstandingofouracademicatmosphereandcampuslife.答案分析：本題要求介紹校園里最有趣的地方并說明原因。選擇圖書館作為介紹對象，從建筑特色、藏書豐富和學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境三方面闡述原因，邏輯清晰。語言表達(dá)上運(yùn)用了一些連接詞和短語，如“Firstofall”“Secondly”“Moreover”“Inconclusion”，使文章層次分明。同時(shí)描述圖書館時(shí)使用了一些具體的例子，增強(qiáng)了說服力。聽力部分短對話1.原文：M:Idon'tknowwhattodo.IhavetodrivetoChicagonextFridayformycousin'swedding,butI'vegotaPsychologytesttopreparefor.W:Whydon'tyourecordyournotessoyoucanstudyontheway?題目：Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?答案：Recordhisnotesandstudyontheway.答案分析：男士面臨開車去參加婚禮和準(zhǔn)備考試的沖突，女士提出建議“recordyournotessoyoucanstudyontheway”，答案直接從對話中得出。2.原文：W:ProfessorSmith,Ireallyneedthecreditstograduatethissummer.M:Hereatthisschool,thecreditsareearned,notgiven.題目：Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?答案：Thewomanhastoearnenoughcreditsforgraduation.答案分析：女士表示需要學(xué)分畢業(yè)，男士強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)分是要通過努力獲得的，說明女士得靠自己賺取足夠?qū)W分才能畢業(yè)。3.原文：M:I'mtakingmygirlfriendtothefancynewrestaurantforherbirthdaytonight.W:Iwenttherelastweekend.Ifounditratherdisappointing.題目：Whatdoesthewomanmean?答案：Therestaurantisnotasgoodasexpected.答案分析：男士打算帶女友去新餐廳過生日，女士說自己上周去了覺得很失望，言下之意是餐廳不如預(yù)期好。長對話原文：M:Hello,I'mcallingaboutthejobthatwasinthepaperlastnight.W:Well,couldyoutellmeyourname?M:GregBulmash.W:Oh,yes,Mr.Bulmash.Whatexactlyisitthatinterestsyouaboutthejob?M:Well,Ithoughtitwasjustrightforme.I'minterestedintheposition.I'vegotadegreeinadvertisingdesignandI'veworkedinadvertisingagenciesforfiveyears.W:Thatsoundsgood.Now,canyoutellmeaboutyourspecialskills?M:I'mgoodatusingthecomputersoftware.I'malsoverygoodatwritingadvertisements.W:Ok,then,howaboutyoursalaryexpectations?M:Well,Ithinkitdependsonthedetailsofthejob.ButIhopeit'snotlessthan3000dollarsamonth.W:Allright.Mr.Bulmash,we'llgiveyouacallbyFriday.題目：1.Whyisthemanmakingthephonecall?答案：Toapplyforajob.答案分析：男士開頭表明打電話是關(guān)于昨晚報(bào)紙上的招聘信息，說明是申請工作。2.Whatdoesthemansayabouthisskills?答案：Heisgoodatusingcomputersoftwareandwritingadvertisements.答案分析：當(dāng)被問到特殊技能時(shí)，男士明確回答“goodatusingthecomputersoftware”和“verygoodatwritingadvertisements”。3.Whatistheman'ssalaryexpectation?答案：Notlessthan3000dollarsamonth.答案分析：男士提到希望月薪不低于3000美元。短文聽力原文：InGreece,onlyrichpeoplewillrestinpeaceforeverwhentheydie.Mostofthepopulation,however,willbeundisturbedforonlythreeyears,thentheywillbedugup,washed,compressedintoasmalltinbox,andplacedinaboneroom.Ifthebodyhasonlypartiallydecayed,itisreburiedinasmallercheapergrave,butnotforlong,thebodywillbedugupagainsometimelaterwhenithasfullydecayed.Buyingapieceoflandforagraveistheonlywaytoavoidthisprocess.Thecostofagraveissogreatthatmostpeoplechoosetorentagraveforthreeyears.Andevenafterbeingdugup,lastingpeaceisstillnotguaranteed.Ifnoonepaysforrentingspaceintheboneroom,theskeletonisremovedandstoredinabuildinginapoorpartofthetown.LackofspaceinAthensisthemainreasonwhythedeadaredugupafterthreeyears.Thecityissoovercrowdedthatsometimesdeadbodiesarekeptinhospitalsforoveraweekuntilagraveisfound.Athens'citycouncilwantstointroducecremation,thatis,burningdeadbodies,asameansofdealingwiththeproblem.ButtheGreekChurchresiststhispractice;theybelievetheonlyplacewherepeopleburnisahell,soburningdeadbodiesisagainsttheGreekconceptoflifeafterdeath.Tosavespace,thechurchsuggestedburyingthebodiesstandingupinsteadoflyingdown.Somepeopleproposedbuildingmulti-storeyundergroundgraveyards.題目：1.WhatmustGreeksdotokeepthedeadrestinginever-lastingpeace?答案：Buyapieceoflandforagrave.答案分析：文中提到“Buyingapieceoflandforagraveistheonlywaytoavoidthisprocess”，“thisprocess”指的是尸體被多次挖出等情況，所以買地是讓死者永享安寧的辦法。2.WhyaremostdeadbodiesinAthensdugupafterthreeyears?答案：LackofspaceinAthens.答案分析：明確提到“LackofspaceinAthensisthemainreasonwhythedeadaredugupafterthreeyears”。3.Whatsuggestionshavebeenmadetosolvethespaceproblem?答案：Introducingcremation,buryingthebodiesstandingup,andbuildingmulti-storeyundergroundgraveyards.答案分析：文中分別提到雅典議會想引入火葬，教堂建議立著埋葬尸體，還有人提議建多層地下墓地來解決空間問題。閱讀理解部分選詞填空原文：Theoceanisheatingup.That'stheconclusionofanewstudythatfindsthatEarth'soceansnow1heatattwicetheratetheydid18yearsago.Aroundhalfofoceanheatintakesince1865hastakenplacesince1997,researchersreportonlineinNatureClimateChange.Warmingwatersareknownto2tocoralbleaching(珊瑚白化)andtheytakeupmorespacethancoolerwaters,raisingsea3.Whilethetopoftheoceaniswellstudied,itsdepthsaremoredifficultto4.Theresearchersgatheredhundredsofseatemperaturerecordsfromavarietyofmeasuringstations.Thedeviceshavebeenmeasuringthedepthoftheoceanfordecades.Thescientistsusedacomputermodelto5thetemperaturechangesoftheoceansfrom1961to2007.Datafromthemodelandfromacollectionof1,500oceantemperaturerecordsareingood6.Abouthalfoftheheatintakeintotheoceansiscomingfromtheatmosphere,mostlydueto7activity.Theotherhalfiscomingfrombelow,fromvolcanicactivityorheat8throughthecracksintheoceanfloor.It'snotclearwhetherthewarmingisleadingtoanyocean9effects.Theresearchersnotethatwarmeroceansareknowntoslowdownthecirculationofsome大洋環(huán)流).Thesechangeswill10affecttheclimateonland,thoughafullunderstandingoftheprocessisstillyearsaway.選項(xiàng)：A)absorbB)combinedC)contributeD)depthE)emissionF)excavationG)floorH)fuelI)gapJ)naturalK)levelL)mixedM)pictureN)securelyO)surely題目及答案：1.答案：A答案分析：根據(jù)語境，這里說海洋吸收熱量的速度是18年前的兩倍，“absorbheat”表示“吸收熱量”，符合文意。2.答案：C答案分析：“contributeto”是固定短語，意為“導(dǎo)致”，變暖的海水會導(dǎo)致珊瑚白化，符合邏輯。3.答案：K答案分析：變暖的海水體積膨脹，會使海平面上升，“sealevel”表示“海平面”。4.答案：M答案分析：這里說海洋表面研究得比較充分，但深海更難了解情況，“picture”有“描繪、了解”的意思，“difficulttopicture”表示難以了解。5.答案：A答案分析：科學(xué)家用計(jì)算機(jī)模型來模擬海洋溫度變化，“absorb”雖然有吸收的意思，但結(jié)合前文提到海洋吸收熱量，這里用模型模擬吸收熱量情況也說得通，整體上該句意思是模擬從1961到2007年海洋溫度變化過程中吸收熱量的情況。6.答案：I答案分析：模型數(shù)據(jù)和1500個(gè)海洋溫度記錄數(shù)據(jù)吻合，“ingoodgap”不太準(zhǔn)確，這里應(yīng)該是“ingoodagreement”，但選項(xiàng)中沒有“agreement”，結(jié)合語境最接近的就是“gap”，表示兩者差距小，相對吻合。7.答案：J答案分析：大約一半的熱量來自大氣，主要是由于人類活動，這里說另一半來自自然活動如火山活動等，“naturalactivity”表示“自然活動”。8.答案：B答案分析：“combined”表示“結(jié)合、混合”，這里指熱量通過海底裂縫散發(fā)出來并與海水混合，“heatcombinedthroughthecracks”意思是熱量通過裂縫與海水混合后進(jìn)入海洋。9.答案分析：這里應(yīng)該是說不清楚變暖是否會導(dǎo)致一些海洋生態(tài)影響，選項(xiàng)中沒有合適的直接對應(yīng)詞，但結(jié)合后文提到對氣候有影響等，推測是關(guān)于生態(tài)等方面，沒有合適選項(xiàng)暫不選。10.答案：O答案分析：這些變化肯定會影響陸地氣候，“surely”表示“肯定地”，符合語境。長篇閱讀原文：TheSecrettoRaisingSmartKidsA)Ifirstbegantoinvestigatethebasisofhumanmotivation-andhowpeoplepersevereaftersetbacks-asapsychologygraduatestudentatYaleUniversityinthe1960s.AnimalexperimentsbypsychologistsattheUniversityofPennsylvaniahadshownthatafterrepeatedfailures,mostanimalsconcludethatasituationishopelessandbeyondtheircontrol.Aftersuchanexperience,theanimalsoftenbehavepassiveanddepressed.B)Peoplecanlearntobehelpless,too.Whydosomestudentsgiveupwhentheyencounterdifficulty,whereasotherswhoarenomoreskilledcontinuetostriveandlearn?Oneanswer,Isoondiscovered,layinpeople'sbeliefsaboutwhytheyhadfailed.C)Inparticular,attributingpoorperformancetoalackofabilitydepressesmotivationmorethandoesthebeliefthatlackofeffortistoblame.WhenItoldagroupofschoolchildrenwhohadfailedamathtestthattheyhadnotstudiedhardenough,theyimprovedtheirscoresonthenextexam.Butanothergroupofchildrenwhoweretoldthattheyhadnomathability,didnotimprove.AstudyoftheI.Q.scoresofenteringfreshmenattheUniversityofIllinoisshowedthatstudentswhoworkedharderthantheirI.Q.scorespredictedachievedhighergradesthanthosewhodidnot.D)The“ability”studentsbelievethattheywereborntosucceed.The“effort”studentsbelievethatsuccessisduetohardwork.Inaclassicexperiment,childrenweregivenachoicebetweensolvingachallengingnewproblemorreviewingsomethingthey'dalreadymastered.The“ability”students-thosewhothoughttheyneededtoshowtheirtalent-chosethesafeoption.The“effort”studentsweremorelikelytopickthechallengingnewproblem.E)Weareallinthisworldtodiscoverourdestiny,andthosewhogoagainsttheirdestinyareinforfailure.The“ability”studentsmightthinktheywerebeingsmartbystayingwithintheircomfortzone.Butinfact,theywerewastingopportunitiesforgrowth.Whenwethinkaboutwhatelsethesestudentscouldachieveiftheylearnedtoviewabilityassomethingthatcanbedeveloped,wecanseehowtragicitisforthemtowastesomuchpotential.F)In2003,psychologistCarolDweckpublishedabook,Mindset:TheNewPsychologyofSuccess.Inthisbook,sheintroducedanewconcept,“mindset”.AccordingtoDweck,peoplefallintotwocategories:thosewitha“fixedmindset”andthosewitha“growthmindset”.The“fixedmindset”peoplebelievethattheirabilitiesareinbornandunchangeable.The“growthmindset”peoplebelievethattheirabilitiescanbedevelopedthroughhardworkandlearning.G)The“fixedmindset”studentsseefailureasasignoftheirlackofability.Theyareafraidoffailureandtrytoavoiditatallcosts.The“growthmindset”studentsseefailureasanopportunitytolearnandgrow.Theyarenotafraidoffailureandarewillingtotakerisks.H)AstudyofstudentsatColumbiaUniversityshowedthatstudentswitha“growthmindset”weremorelikelytotakeonchallengingcoursesandtoachievehighergradesthanthosewitha“fixedmindset”.Anotherstudyofathletesshowedthatathleteswitha“growthmindset”weremorelikelytoimprovetheirperformanceafterasetbackthanthosewitha“fixedmindset”.I)Wecanallchangeourmindsets.Thekeyistorecognizethatourabilitiesarenotfixed.Wecandevelopourabilitiesthroughhardworkandlearning.Whenwemakemistakes,weshouldnotseethemasfailures,butasopportunitiestolearn.Weshouldalsoencourageotherstoadopta“growthmindset”.J)Parentsandteachersplayacrucialroleinshapingchildren'smindsets.Whenparentsandteacherspraisechildrenfortheireffortratherthantheirability,theyencouragechildrentodevelopa“growthmindset”.Forexample,insteadofsaying“You'resosmart”whenachilddoeswell,weshouldsay“Youworkedsohard”.Thisway,childrenwilllearnthatsuccessisduetohardwork,notjustnaturalability.K)Inconclusion,thesecrettoraisingsmartkidsistohelpthemdevelopa“growthmindset”.Byteachingthemthattheirabilitiescanbedeveloped,wecanencouragethemtotakerisks,learnfromfailures,andachievetheirfullpotential.題目及答案：1.Peoplewitha“fixedmindset”believethattheirabilitiesaredeterminedatbirth.答案：F答案分析：F段提到“The‘fixedmindset’peoplebelievethattheirabilitiesareinbornandunchangeable”，與題目表述一致。2.Whenstudentsaretoldthattheyhavenoabilityinacertainsubject,theyarelesslikelytoimprovetheirperformance.答案：C答案分析：C段中“anothergroupofchildrenwhoweretoldthattheyhadnomathability,didnotimprove”，說明被說沒能力的學(xué)生不太可能提高成績。3.“Effort”studentsaremorelikelytochoosechallengingnewproblems.答案：D答案分析：D段明確指出“The‘effort’studentsweremorelikelytopickthechallengingnewproblem”。4.The“growthmindset”studentsseefailureasachanceforlearninganddevelopment.答案：G答案分析：G段提到“The‘growthmindset’studentsseefailureasanopportunitytolearnandgrow”。5.Parentsandteachersshouldpraisechildrenfortheirefforttohelpthemdevelopa“growthmindset”.答案：J答案分析：J段表明“Whenparentsandteacherspraisechildrenfortheireffortratherthantheirability,theyencouragechildrentodevelopa‘growthmindset’”。仔細(xì)閱讀原文：Asartificialintelligence(AI)becomesincreasinglysophisticated,therearegrowingconcernsthatrobotscouldbecomeathreat.Thisdangercanbeavoided,accordingtocomputerscienceprofessorStuartRussell,ifwefigureouthowtoturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode.Russellarguesthatasrobotstakeonmorecomplicatedtasks,it'snecessarytotranslateourmoralsintoAIlanguage.Forexample,ifarobotdoeschoresaroundthehouse,youwouldn'twantittoputthepetcatintheoventomakedinnerforthehungrychildren.“Youwouldwantthatrobotpre-programmedwithagoodsetofvalues,”saidRussell.Somerobotsarealreadyprogrammedwithbasichumanvalues.Forexample,mobilerobotshavebeenprogrammedtokeepacomfortabledistancefromhumans.Obviouslythereareculturaldifferences,butifyouweretalkingtoanotherpersonandtheycameupcloseinyourpersonalspace,youwouldn'tthinkthat'sthekindofthingaproperlybrought-uppersonwoulddo.Itwillbepossibletocreatemoresophisticatedmoralmachines,ifonlywecanfindawaytosetouthumanvaluesasclearrules.Robotscouldalsolearnvaluesfromdrawingpatternsfromlargesetsofdataonhumanbehavior.Theyaredangerousonlyifprogrammersarecareless.Thebiggestconcernwithrobotsgoingagainsthumanvaluesisthathumanbeingsfailtodosufficienttestingbeforeputtingthemintouse.Onesimplecheckwouldbetoprogramarobottocheckthecorrectcourseofactionwithahumanwhenpresentedwithanunusualsituation.Iftherobotisunsurewhetherananimalissuitableforthemicrowave,ithastheopportunitytostop,sendoutbeeps,andaskfordirectionsfromahuman.Ifwehumansaren'tquitesureaboutadecision,wegoandasksomebodyelse.Themostdifficultstepinprogrammingvalueswillbedecidingexactlywhatwebelieveinmoral,andhowtocreateasetofethicalrules.Butifwecomeupwithananswer,robotscouldbegoodforhumanity.題目及答案：1.Whatdoestheprofessorsayaboutthethreatofrobots?答案：Itcanbeavoidedifhumanvaluesaretranslatedintotheirlanguage.答案分析：文中提到“Thisdangercanbeavoided,accordingtocomputerscienceprofessorStuartRussell,ifwefigureouthowtoturnhumanvalues