2014年12月大學(xué)英語四級考試真題及答案（第3套）聽力部分短對話1.M:Asyoucanseefromthedrawings,thekitchenhasonedoorintothediningroom,anotherintothefamilyroomandathirdtotheoutside.W:Thedoorintothefamilyroomisn'tbigenough.Coulditbemadewider?Q:Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Discussingahouseplan.B.Decidingonahousedesign.C.Choosingfurnitureforthehouse.D.Paintingtheroomsofthehouse.答案：A分析：男士介紹廚房門的布局，女士對通向家庭活動室的門的寬度提出意見，可知他們在討論房屋規(guī)劃。2.W:I'mworriedaboutAnna.She'sreallybeendepressedlately.Allshedoesisstayinginherroomallday.M:Thatsoundsserious.She'dbetterseeapsychiatristatthecounselingcenter.Q:WhatdoesthemansuggestAnnado?A.Seekprofessionaladvice.B.TakeafewcoursesinFrench.C.Talkwithherparents.D.MakefriendswithFrenchkids.答案：A分析：男士建議安娜去咨詢中心看心理醫(yī)生，即尋求專業(yè)建議。長對話Conversation1M:Hello,andwelcometoourprogram“WorkingAbroad”.Ourguestthiseveningisayounglady,Maria,whohasbeenworkinginGermanyforthepasttwoyears.Maria,welcometotheprogram.CouldyoutellusabitaboutwhatbroughtyoutoGermany?W:Well,firstofall,IstudiedGermanatuniversity,andthenIrealizedthataknowledgeofGermanwouldopenupalotofopportunities,soIdecidedtogoandworkthere.M:Right.Andwhatsortofworkwereyouabletofind?W:I'manEnglishteacher.IfoundajobinalanguageschoolteachingEnglishtoGermans.M:Howdidyoufindthelivingconditionsthere?W:Itwasokay.Theaccommodationwasdecent,andthepeoplewerereallyfriendly.Buttheweather!Ijustcouldn'tgetusedtoit.Itwassocoldandwetmostofthetime.M:Isee.Andwouldyourecommendworkingabroadtootherpeople?W:Definitely.It'sagreatexperience.Youlearnalotaboutanotherculture,andyouimproveyourlanguageskills.Italsolooksgoodonyourresume.3.Whatisthewoman'soccupation?A.Englishteacher.B.Germantranslator.C.Officeclerk.D.Travelagent.答案：A分析：女士明確表示自己是一名英語老師，在語言學(xué)校教德國人英語。4.HowdidthewomanfindtheweatherinGermany?A.Itwascoldandwet.B.Itwaswarmandsunny.C.Itwaschangeable.D.Itwaspleasant.答案：A分析：女士提到德國的天氣大部分時間又冷又濕，她無法適應(yīng)。短文聽力Passage1Arecentstudyshowsthatmeatconsumptionisoneofthemainwaysthathumancandamagetheenvironment,secondonlytotheuseofmotorvehicles.Sohowcaneatingmeathaveanegativeeffectontheenvironment?Forastart,allanimalsneedtobefedinordertogrow.Andinthecaseofcows,largeareasoflandarerequiredtogrowenoughfoodtofeedthem.Thisinvolvesclearinglargeareasofforests.Inaddition,cowsgiveoffagascalledmethane,whichisthesecondmostcommongreenhousegasaftercarbondioxide.Anotherwaythatmeatproductionaffectstheenvironmentisthroughtheuseofwater.Animalsneedwatertodrink,andtokeepclean.Andtoproduceonepoundofbeef,about2,500gallonsofwaterareused.Finally,theprocessoftransportinganimalsfromfarmstoslaughterhousesandthentomarketsalsousesalotofenergyandproducesalotofpollution.5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Theenvironmentalimpactofmeatconsumption.B.Thebenefitsofavegetariandiet.C.Theimportanceofanimalwelfare.D.Thedevelopmentofthemeatindustry.答案：A分析：文章圍繞肉類消費對環(huán)境的負(fù)面影響展開，提到了森林砍伐、溫室氣體排放、水資源使用和運輸污染等方面。6.Whyisalargeareaoflandneededforcows?A.Togrowfoodforthem.B.Tobuildsheltersforthem.C.Toprovidegrazingareas.D.Toplanttreesforshade.答案：A分析：文中提到為了養(yǎng)牛，需要大片土地種植足夠的食物來喂養(yǎng)它們。閱讀理解部分選詞填空Whenwethinkofgreenbuildings,wetendtothinkofnewones-thekindofhigh-tech,solar-paneledmasterpiecesthatmakethecoversofarchitecturemagazines.ButtheU.S.hasmorethan100millionexistinghomes,anditwouldbe__7__wastefultotearthemalldownand__8__themwithgreenerversions.Anenormousamountofenergyandresourceswentintotheconstructionofthosehouses.Anditwouldtakeanaverageof65yearsforthe__9__carbonemissionsfromanewenergy-efficienthometomakeupfortheresourceslostbydestroyinganoldone.Sointhebroadest__10__,thegreenesthomeistheonethathasalreadybeenbuilt.Butatthesametime,nearlyhalfofU.S.carbonemissionscomefromheating,coolingand__11__ourhomes,officesandotherbuildings.“Youcan'tdealwithclimatechangewithoutdealingwithexistingbuildings,”saysRichardMoe,thepresidentoftheNationalTrust.Withsome__12__,theoldesthomestendtobetheleastenergy-efficient.Housesbuiltbefore1939useabout50%moreenergypersquarefootthanthosebuiltafter2000,mainlyduetothetinycracksandgapsthat__13__overtimeandletinmoreoutsideair.Fortunately,therearea__14__numberofrelativelysimplechangesthatcangreenolderhomes,fromhistoriconeslikeLincoln'sCottagetoyourownpostwarhome.Andefficiencyupgrades(升級)cansavemorethanjusttheearth;theycanhelp__15__propertyownersfromrisingpowercosts.A.accommodationsB.clumsyC.doubtfullyD.exceptionsE.expandF.historicG.incrediblyH.poweringI.protectJ.reducedK.replaceL.senseM.shiftedN.supplyingO.vast7.答案：G分析：此處需要副詞修飾形容詞wasteful，incredibly表示“極其，非?！保险Z境。8.答案：K分析：tearthemdownandreplacethemwith...表示“拆除它們并用……取代它們”，replace符合文意。9.答案：J分析：此處指新建節(jié)能房屋減少的碳排放，reduced表示“減少的”，合適。10.答案：L分析：inthebroadestsense表示“從最廣泛的意義上來說”，sense符合要求。11.答案：H分析：此處表示為家庭、辦公室和其他建筑提供能源，powering表示“提供動力，供電”，合適。12.答案：D分析：withsomeexceptions表示“有一些例外”，exceptions符合語境。13.答案：E分析：此處指隨著時間推移裂縫和縫隙會擴大，expand表示“擴大，膨脹”，符合文意。14.答案：O分析：avastnumberof表示“大量的”，vast符合語境。15.答案：I分析：protect...from...表示“保護……免受……”，此處指保護業(yè)主免受電費上漲的影響，protect合適。長篇閱讀Passage2ThePerfectEssay[A]Lookingbackontoomanyyearsofeducation,Icanidentifyonetrulyimpossibleteacher.Shecaredaboutme,andmyintellectuallife,evenwhenIdidn't.Herexpectationswerehigh-impossiblyso.ShewasanEnglishteacher.Shewasalsomymother.[B]Whengoodstudentsturninanessay,theydreamoftheirinstructorreturningittotheminexactlythesamecondition,saveforasinglewordaddedinthemarginofthefinalpage:“Perfect.”Thisdreamcametrueformeoneafternoonintheninthgrade.Ofcourse,Ihadheardthatgeniuscouldshowitselfatanearlyage,soIwasonlyslightlytakenabackthatIhadachievedperfectionatthetenderageof14.Obviously,Ididwhatanyprofessionalwriterwoulddo;Ihurriedofftospreadthegoodnews.Ididn'tgetveryfar.ThefirstpersonItoldwasmymother.[C]Mymother,whoisjustshyoffivefeettall,isnormallyincrediblysoft-spoken,butontherareoccasionwhenshegotangry,shewasterrifying.Iamnotsureifshewasmoreupsetbymyhubris(得意忘形)orbythefactthatmyEnglishteacherhadletmyegogetsooutofhand.Inanyevent,mymotherandherredpenshowedmehowdeeplyflawedaflawlessessaycouldbe.Atthetime,Iamsureshethoughtshewasteachingmeaboutmechanics,transitions(過渡),structure,andstyle.ButwhatIlearnedwasadeeperlessonaboutthenatureofcreativecriticism.[D]Creativecriticismimpliessomethingaboutwhoisabletogiveit,whoknowsyouwellenoughtoshowyouhowyourmentallifeisgettinginthewayofgoodwriting.Creativecriticismalsoimpliessomethingaboutwhoisabletoreceiveit.Itrequireswillingnessandpatiencetoacceptnegativefeedback.[E]ThelessonMomtaughtmethatdayturnedouttobefarmoreimportantthananythingIcouldhavegainedfromaperfectscoreonapagefullofmeaninglesswords.ThisisthelessonthatIamgoingtotrytopassontomystudents,teachingthemtowritefirstandforemostasaformofself-expression,notasawaytoimpressothers.[F]Momtaughtmetodothingsstepbystep.Whenshefirstgavemealessoninmakingaperfectessay,shetoldmetocollectmythoughtsandorganizethemintoalogicalorder.Shealsoemphasizedtheimportanceofgrammar,spelling,andpunctuation.Butmostimportantly,shetaughtmetolookatmyownwritingobjectivelyandseewhereitcouldbeimproved.[G]Yearslater,Ibecameateachermyself.Ioftenthinkaboutmymother'sredpenwhenIammarkingmystudents'essays.Itrytogivethemthesamekindofhonest,constructivecriticismthatshegaveme.Iwantthemtoknowthatagoodessayisnotjustaboutgettingthefactsrightorfollowingtherules.It'saboutexpressingoneselfclearlyandeffectively.[H]Ialsotrytoencouragemystudentstobeopentocriticism.Itellthemthatthepurposeofcriticismisnottotearthemdownbuttohelpthemgrow.Justasmymotherusedherredpentoshowmetheflawsinmyessay,Iusemyredpentoshowmystudentswheretheycanimprove.[I]Inconclusion,thelessonIlearnedfrommymother'sredpenisthatcreativecriticismisessentialforgrowth.Whetherit'sinwritingorinlife,weallneedsomeonetotelluswhenwe'reofftrackandhowwecangetbackon.Andthatsomeoneshouldbesomeonewhocaresaboutus,someonewhohasourbestinterestsatheart.16.Theauthor'smotherwasangrybecausetheauthorshowedtoomuchprideaftergettinganessayconsideredperfect.答案：C分析：文中提到作者把自認(rèn)為完美的文章給母親看，母親可能是對作者的得意忘形，或是英語老師讓作者的自負(fù)失控感到不滿。17.Theauthortriestoconveytoherstudentsthelessonshelearnedfromhermother-thatwritingismainlyaformofself-expression.答案：E分析：作者要把從母親那里學(xué)到的寫作首先是一種自我表達的形式這一教訓(xùn)傳遞給學(xué)生。18.Theauthor'smothertaughthertobeobjectiveaboutherownwritingandfindwaystoimproveit.答案：F分析：作者母親教她客觀看待自己的寫作并找出改進的方法。19.Theauthorusesherredpeninthesamewayashermothertohelpherstudentsimprovetheiressays.答案：G分析：作者像母親一樣用紅筆幫助學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)文章可以改進的地方。20.Theauthorbelievescreativecriticismisimportantforpersonalgrowth.答案：I分析：作者認(rèn)為創(chuàng)造性的批評對個人成長至關(guān)重要。仔細(xì)閱讀Passage3Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum,anorganizationledbyAnnan,theformerUnitedNationssecretarygeneral.Thereport,tobereleasedFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutrition(營養(yǎng)不良)andheat-relatedhealthproblems.Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.Alongwiththedeaths,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoorcountries,werebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.RogerPielkeJr.,apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,whostudiesdisastertrends,saidtheForum'sreportwas“amethodologicalembarrassment”becausetherewasnowaytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossesrelatedtohuman-drivenclimatechangefromthoserelatedtonaturalvariability.Thereportsaidthat5milliondeathsayearwerecausedbyclimate,catastropheandtheeffectsofextremeheatandcold.ButStevenHayward,aclimatepolicyexpertattheAmericanEnterpriseInstitute,saidthereportwas“aone-sidedargument”andhadlittlebasisinreality.Hesaidthatthedeathsweremorelikelytobeduetootherfactors,suchaswars.TheForum'sreportalsosaidthatglobalwarminghadcontributedtoasharpincreaseindisasters,suchasfloods,stormsanddroughts.Pielkesaidthat“climatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention.”Butthereport,hesaid,“willharmthecauseforactiononbothclimatechangeanddisastersbecauseitissodeeplyflawed.”However,SorenAndreasen,asocialscientistatDalbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswhosupervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.21.WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?A.Globaltemperaturesaffecttherateofeconomicdevelopment.B.Ratesofdeathfromillnesseshaverisenduetoglobalwarming.C.Malnutritionhascausedserioushealthproblemsinpoorcountries.D.Economictrendshavetodowithpopulationandnaturaldisasters.答案：B分析：文中提到該報告發(fā)現(xiàn)受人類影響的氣候變化使包括營養(yǎng)不良和與高溫相關(guān)的健康問題等疾病的全球死亡率上升。22.WhatdowelearnabouttheForum'sreportfromthepassage?A.Itwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexperts.B.Itarousedalotofinterestinthescientificcircles.C.Itwaswarmlyreceivedbyenvironmentalists.D.Itcausedabigstirindevelopingcountries.答案：A分析：報告在發(fā)布前就受到了一些氣候和風(fēng)險專家的批評，他們質(zhì)疑其方法和結(jié)論。23.WhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForum'sreport?A.Itsstatisticslookembarrassing.B.Itisinvalidintermsofmethodology.C.Itdeservesourclosestattention.D.Itsconclusionispurposelyexaggerated.答案：B分析：Pielke說報告是“方法論上的尷尬”，因為無法區(qū)分與人類驅(qū)動的氣候變化相關(guān)的死亡或經(jīng)濟損失和與自然變化相關(guān)的。翻譯部分Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.中國父母往往過于關(guān)注孩子的學(xué)習(xí)，以至于不要他們幫忙做家務(wù)。他們對孩子的首要要求就是努力學(xué)習(xí)，考得好，能上名牌大學(xué)。他們相信這是為孩子好，因為在中國這樣競爭激烈的社會里，只有成績好才能保證前途光明。中國父母還認(rèn)為，如果孩子能在社會上取得大的成就，父母就會受到尊敬。因此，他們愿意犧牲自己的時間、愛好和興趣，為孩子提供更好的條件。Chineseparentstendtopaytoomuchattentiontotheirchildren'sstudy,sothattheydon'tlettheirchildrenhelpwithhousework.Theirprimaryrequirementfortheirchildrenistostudyhard,getgoodgradesandgetintofamousuniversities.Theybelievethisisforthegoodoftheirchildren,becauseinsuchacompetitivesocietyinChina,onlygoodgradescanguaranteeabrightfuture.Chineseparentsalsothinkthatiftheirchildrencanachieve