Children’sLiterature

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Fairy

Talesandperforming---selectioncriteria

WhatisFairyTale?

Whatisthefeatureoffairytale?Afairytale,orwondertale,isakindoffolktaleorfable.Inthesestorieswemeetwitchesandqueens,giantsandelves,princes,dragons,talkinganimals,ogres['?ug?]n.食人魔鬼,怪物,像鬼的人,princesses,andsometimesevenfairies.Marvelous令人驚異的andmagicalthingshappentocharactersinfairytales.

whatisthehistoricoriginfortheFairyTales?ThetermfairytalewasadoptedfromtheFrenchcontesdesfée.Contereferstoataleorshortstorycomprisedofextraordinaryandimaginaryevents.Féeliterallymeansfairy.Technically,thetermdatesbacktothelateseventeenthcentury.ItwasduringthistimethatthenobilityoftheFrenchCourtandtheladiesoftheParisian巴黎人literarysalans文學(xué)沙龍toldthefirstcontesdeféesandwhenCharlesPerraultpublishedhisnowfamouscollectionoftalesascribedtomamèrel'Oye--"myMotherGoose."However,mostfairytalesdatebackmuchfarther.Mostfairytaleshaveoriginsdeeplyrootedinadultstorytelling.AlanDundes,authorofLittleRedRidingHood:ACasebook,statesthatfairytalesarefirstandforemostanoralformandviewsanywrittenversionassuspect懷疑,猜想,對...有所覺察,includingthoseofCharlesPerraultandtheGrimms,butinanycase,storytellingwasespeciallypopularwiththeirreverentt[i'rev?r?nt]a.不敬的,不遜的,無禮的peasantculturewhatistheoriginalpurposeoftellingfairytales?Byexaggeratingandembellishing修飾thedetailsofthestories,thestorytellerswereabletotemporarilyalleviate使(痛苦等)易于忍受,減輕someofthetedium'ti:di?m厭煩,沉悶thatmarkedthedailylifeoftheiraudiencebyallowingthemtoindulge縱情于,放任,遷就infantasiesofwealth,success,andempowerment.Forthepeasantswhosataroundthefireonlongwintereveningsrepairingtools,mendingclothes,andspinningyarn,thestoriesprovidedmuchneededdistraction[dis'tr?k??n]n.娛樂,分心的事物,

Thefairytalesoftenincluded“bawdyhumor,bloodcurdling,melodrama,andtable-turningpranks."JohnUpdike,internationallyknownAmericannovelist,shortstorywriter,andpoetreferstofairytalesasthe"...televisionandpornography

oftheirday,the'life-lightening'trashofpreliterate,people.Princetonhistorian,RobertDarntonreferstothemashistoricaldocuments.

Theyserveascatalogsofhumanexperience,includingtheparticulardetailsofthedayandage,oftenexposingourcollectivetruths.1.LifeofHansChristianAndersenHansChristianAndersen(1805-1875)wasborninDenmark.Hisfatherwasapoorshoemakerbutaliterate.Before11,Andersenwasimmersedinthereadingsandstoriestoldbyhisfatherthroughouthischildhood.Bytheageof14,heheadedforCopenhagentostarthiscareer.Thefollowingyearswerefullofhardshipsuntilhefoundsupporterswhopavedhiswaytobeawriter.Givenhisstudious['stju:dj?s]andhard-workingattemptsinhiswholelife,Andersenmadehisbreakthroughn.突破

inwritingnumerousfairytalesforchildren,andthosewritingsgainedhiminternationalrecognitionandsuccesstillnow.2.Andersen’sfairytalesAndersen'sfamerestsonhis

FairyTalesandStories,writtenbetween1835and1872.Tales,ToldforChildren,appearedinasmall,cheapbookletin1835.Inthisandfollowingearlycollections,whichwerepublishedineveryChristmas,Andersenreturnedtothestorieswhichhehadheardasachild,butgraduallyhestartedtocreatehisowntales.Thethirdvolume,publishedin1837,contained'TheLittleMermaid'and'TheEmperor'sNewClothes.'

AmongAndersen'sotherbestknowntalesare'LittleUglyDuckling,''TheTinderbox,''LittleClausandBigClaus,''PrincessandthePea,''TheSnowQueen,'

TheNightingale,'and'TheSteadfastTinSoldier.'Withthesecollections,Andersenbecameknownasthefatherofthemodernfairytale3.TheFeaturesofAndersen’sfairytalesAndersenbrokenewgroundinbothstyleandcontent,andusedtheidiomsandconstructionsofspokenlanguageinawaythatwasnewinDanishwriting.Whenfairytalesathistimeweredidactic[di'd?ktik,hebroughtintothemambiguity.Childrenandmisfits不能適應(yīng)社會的人oftenspeaktruth;theyserveasAndersen'smouthpiece發(fā)話筒inmoralquestions:e.g."Buthehasnothingonatall,"saidalittlechildatlast."Goodheavens!listentothevoiceofaninnocentchild,"saidthefather,andonewhisperedtotheotherwhatthechildhadsaid."Buthehasnothingonatall,"criedatlastthewholepeople.Thatmadeadeepimpressionupontheemperor,foritseemedtohimthattheywereright;buthethoughttohimself,"NowImustbearuptotheend."Andthechamberlainswalkedwithstillgreaterdignity,asiftheycarriedtrainwhichdidnotexist."

(from'TheEmperor'sNewSuit,'1837)3.TheFeaturesofAndersen’sfairytalesAndersen'sidentificationwiththeunfortunateandoutc