榆林市2022～2023年度高三第一次模擬檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題考生注意：1.本試卷共150分?？荚嚂r(shí)間120分鐘。2.請(qǐng)將各題答案填寫在答題卡上。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)做題時(shí),先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.f19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whyisthemanleavingearly?A.Hewantstoavoidatrafficjam.B.Heisn’tinterestedinthemovie.C.Hedoesn’tknowthewaytothetheater.2.Howdidthewomanfeeljustnow?AScared.B.Bored.C.Excited.3.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inashop.B.Inakitchen.C.Inaclassroom.4.Whenwillthespeakersmeet?A.At6:30.B.At7:00.C.At6:45.5.WhomightFreddybe?A.Thespeakers’son.B.Thespeakers’landlady.C.Thespeakers’pet.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.Howdoesthewomanusuallygotowork?A.Bybus.B.Bycar.C.Bytrain.7.Whatdothespeakersagreeabouttakingthetrain?A.Itisfaster.B.Itissafer.C.Itischeaper.聽第7段材料,回答第8、9題。8.Whyisthewomanupsetwiththeman?A.Hehasn’tbeenattendingclass.B.Hedidn’tturninhisessay.C.Hisessayistooshort.9.Howmanyessayshasthemanrewrittenthisyearaltogether?A.Threeessays.B.Twoessays.C.Oneessay.聽第8段材料,回答第10至12題。10.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Saveupforthecar.B.Gotoanothercardealer.C.Asksomeonetocheckthecar.11.Howwillthewomanpayforthecar?A.Bybankcard.B.Incash.C.Bycheque.12.Howwillthemanhelpthewoman?A.Drivehercarhome.B.Lendmoneytoher.C.Takecareofhercar.聽第9段材料,回答第13至16題。13.Whendidthewomanlastlendthemanhercar?A.Ayearago.B.Fivemonthsago.C.Acoupleofdaysago.14.Whatwillthewomandotonight?A.Seeamovie.B.Seeaplay.C.Gotothegym.15.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Roommates.B.Goodfriends.C.Brotherandsister.16.Whatdoesthemanpromisethewoman?A.Hewillborrowanothercarnexttime.B.Hewillreturnbeforesixo’clock.C.Hewillfilluphercarwithgas.聽第10段材料,回答第17至20題。17.Whatkindofrestaurantsarethemostinthespeaker’shometown?A.KFCs.B.Chineserestaurants.C.Japaneserestaurants.18.Whydoesthespeakerdislike“allyoucaneat”restaurants?ATheyareunhealthy.B.Theyaretooexpensive.C.Thereisn’tenoughfoodinthem.19.Whatdomostcustomersof“Allyoucaneat”restaurantslooklike?A.Veryfat.B.Verytall.C.Verythin.20.Whatisthespeechmainlyabout?A.Thespeaker’sfavouritediet.B.Restaurantsinthespeaker’shometown.C.FastfoodrestaurantsinAmerica.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAfamilyvacationmaybeagoodopportunitytorelaxandenjoyourselves.Destinationsnestledinnaturewithplentyofbreathingroomandeasyaccesstofreshairaretrending.Herearefourdestinationswithaneyetowardsthegreatoutdoors.WoodlochResort,PennsylvaniaConsideringmeals,drinksandactivitiesareallincluded,itisworryfreetotravelatWoodlochResort.Withvastruralgrounds,itslocationandsafetymeasuresmakeiteasytobesociallydistant.Youcansailonthelake,hike,swimorenjoyfamilyfriendlygamesandentertainment.fortfoodclassicsservedthreetimeseachdayshouldsatisfyevenpickyeaters.OceanLakesFamilyCampground,SouthCarolinaCampingisatimehonoredtradition.Familiesmaybondoversimplepleasuressuchaseatingburgersgrilledoveranopenfireandstargazing.OceanLakesFamilyCampgroundinMyrtleBeach,SouthCarolina,sitsonnearlyamileofbeachfront.Eachsiteisroomyenoughforalargecamper.Minigolf,awaterpark,andbikerentalsareafewofthemanyfamilyfriendlyrecreationaloptions.HullOFarms,NewYorkDevelopaconnectiontothelandwhenyoustayonaworkingfarm.Takepartinsimpleagriculturaltaskssuchaspickingfruit,gatheringeggsandmilkingcows.Kidscanenjoytheoutdoorenvironmentwithhealthyfreedomthattheirparentsmightnotbeabletoallowtheminacrowdedcity.HullOFarmsisa7thgenerationfamilyfarm.Guestsmayreserveoneofthreefortablehousesandparticipateinfarmlifeasmuchoraslittleastheyplease.ShenandoahValley,VirginiaVirginia’sShenandoahValleyisnotfarfromPhiladelphiaandNewYork.You’llfindaslowerpaceasyoutravelalongsceniccountryroadsthroughmountains,valleysandforests.YoucanhikeinShenandoahNationalPark,explorelargecaves?orrentaboatmovingdowntheShenandoahRiver.1.Whichdestinationoffersallinclusiveservice?A.ShenandoahValley. B.WoodlochResort.C.HullOFarms. D.OceanLakesFamilyCampground.2.WhatisspecialaboutHullOFarms?A.Peoplecancamponthebeach.B.Peoplecanenjoyallkindsoffoods.C.Peoplecantakepartinfarmlife.D.Peoplecanrowaboatalongtheriver.3.Wherecanthetextbefound?A.Inanovel. B.Inabiography.C.Inafarmingmagazine. D.Inatravelbrochure.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是應(yīng)用文，介紹了適合家庭旅游的幾個(gè)勝地?！驹斀狻?.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WoodlochResort,Pennsylvania部分中的“Consideringmeals,drinksandactivitiesareallincluded,itisworryfreetotravelatWoodlochResort.(考慮到飲食，飲料和活動(dòng)都包括在內(nèi)，在伍德洛克度假村旅游是無(wú)憂無(wú)慮的。)”可知，WoodlochResort提供包括餐飲和活動(dòng)的全包式服務(wù)。故選B。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HullOFarms,NewYork部分中的“HullOFarmsisa7thgenerationfamilyfarm.Guestsmayreserveoneofthreefortablehousesandparticipateinfarmlifeasmuchoraslittleastheyplease.(HullO農(nóng)場(chǎng)是第七代家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)。只要客人們?cè)敢?，他們可以預(yù)訂三個(gè)舒適的房子之一，并參與農(nóng)場(chǎng)生活多少。)”可知，在HullOFarms的客人可以體驗(yàn)農(nóng)場(chǎng)生活。故選C。3.推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“Afamilyvacationmaybeagoodopportunitytorelaxandenjoyourselves.Destinationsnestledinnaturewithplentyofbreathingroomandeasyaccesstofreshairaretrending.Herearefourdestinationswithaneyetowardsthegreatoutdoors.(家庭度假可能是一個(gè)很好的機(jī)會(huì)，放松和享受自己。依偎在大自然中的旅游目的地?fù)碛谐渥愕暮粑臻g和便于呼吸的新鮮空氣正成為一種趨勢(shì)。這里有四個(gè)目的地，著眼于偉大的戶外活動(dòng)。)”可知，本文介紹了適合家庭旅游的幾個(gè)勝地。由此可推知，在旅游指南上可以讀到這篇文章。故選D。BNeardeathaccidentsandsummitfailureshavenotsloweddownmountaineerSarayN’kusiKhumalo.TheZambiabornmotheroftwoholdsacorporatejob,hostsapodcast,hasclimbedsomeofthetallestmountainsaroundtheworld,andstillhasthetimetorunanonprofitorganizationthatfocusesoneducationinAfrica.“Mygrandfatheralwaysusedtosay,‘ifyoudon’tlivealifeofservice,that’salifewasted,”shesaid.In2013,shefoundedSummitsWithAPurposeinSouthAfrica.Witheveryclimb,sheraisesfundstohelpbuildschoolsandlibraries.Khumaloisnotgoingtojustclimbandtakeaselfie.Sheisgoingtoclimbandthenmakeadifference.Notlongafterherfirsteversummit,sheturnedhereyestowardtheworld’stallestpeak:Mt.Qomolangma,locatedintheHimalayas.ThefirstthreeattemptsweretoughandheartbreakingforKhumalo:Sheexperiencedeverythingfromnaturaldisasterstolosingconsciousnessinthe“deathzone”,Qomolangma’stopstretchover8,000metersabovesealevel,whereoxygenisdangerouslylow.OnMay16,2019—herfourthbid—shesucceeded,beingthefirstBlackAfricanwomantoreachthesummit.Intotal,onlyeightofthe4,000peoplewho’veeversummitedQomolangmaareBlack.Khumaloishumbledbywhatshe’sachievedsofar,butshenotes,“Idon’tthinkthatI’vebrokenthosestereotypesyet;there’sstillalotmoreworktobedone,”addingthatrepresentationshouldextendbeyondthemountaintops,too.“It’snotjustaboutQomolangma;itisagiftthatweneedtoleaveforthenextgenerationwhereverweare,”shesays,callingonherpeerstostepoutsidetheirfortzonetoshowthatBlackpeoplebelonginallspaces.4.WhatcanweknowaboutKhumalofromparagraph1?A.Shesuffersfrominjuries. B.Sheisenergetic.C.Shelovesherfamily. D.Sheisstrugglingwithlife.5.WhydidshefoundSummitsWithAPurpose?A.Tomakeherselfrich. B.Tofulfillhergrandfather’swish.C.Toraisefundsforherclimbing. D.TocollectmoneyforAfricaneducation.6.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Herlifeexperiences. B.Thesuccessofherclimbing.C.Thehardshipinclimbing. D.TheconditionsoftheQomolangma’stop.7.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Tointroduceamountaineerpioneer. B.Toshowarespectformountaineers.C.Totellthehistoryofmountainclimbing. D.ToattractmorepeopletoconquerMt.Qomolangma.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了登山者SarayN’kusiKhumalo，這位贊比亞出生的兩個(gè)孩子的母親在一家公司工作，主持播客，爬過(guò)世界上最高的一些山，還有時(shí)間經(jīng)營(yíng)一個(gè)專注于非洲教育的非營(yíng)利性組織。文章介紹了她的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷以及取得的成就?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“TheZambiabornmotheroftwoholdsacorporatejob,hostsapodcast,hasclimbedsomeofthetallestmountainsaroundtheworld,andstillhasthetimetorunanonprofitorganizationthatfocusesoneducationinAfrica.(這位贊比亞出生的兩個(gè)孩子的母親在一家公司工作，主持播客，爬過(guò)世界上最高的一些山，還有時(shí)間經(jīng)營(yíng)一個(gè)專注于非洲教育的非營(yíng)利性組織)”可知，Khumalo精力充沛。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“In2013,shefoundedSummitsWithAPurposeinSouthAfrica.Witheveryclimb,sheraisesfundstohelpbuildschoolsandlibraries.(2013年，她在南非創(chuàng)立了SummitsWithAPurpose——每次攀登，她都會(huì)籌集資金幫助建造學(xué)校和圖書館)”可知，她成立SummitsWithAPurpose是為非洲教育籌集資金。故選D。【6題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Notlongafterherfirsteversummit,sheturnedhereyestowardtheworld’stallestpeak:Mt.Qomolangma,locatedintheHimalayas.ThefirstthreeattemptsweretoughandheartbreakingforKhumalo:Sheexperiencedeverythingfromnaturaldisasterstolosingconsciousnessinthe“deathzone”,Qomolangma’stopstretchover8,000metersabovesealevel,whereoxygenisdangerouslylow.(在她第一次登頂后不久，她就把目光投向了世界最高峰：位于喜馬拉雅山脈的珠穆朗瑪峰。前三次嘗試對(duì)庫(kù)馬洛來(lái)說(shuō)艱難而令人心碎：她經(jīng)歷了從自然災(zāi)害到在“死亡地帶”失去意識(shí)的一切。珠峰的頂峰海拔超過(guò)8000米，那里的氧氣含量低得危險(xiǎn))”可知，第三段主要講了攀登的艱辛。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“NeardeathaccidentsandsummitfailureshavenotsloweddownmountaineerSarayN’kusiKhumalo.TheZambiabornmotheroftwoholdsacorporatejob,hostsapodcast,hasclimbedsomeofthetallestmountainsaroundtheworld,andstillhasthetimetorunanonprofitorganizationthatfocusesoneducationinAfrica.(瀕臨死亡的事故和登頂失敗并沒有讓登山者SarayN’kusiKhumalo放慢腳步。這位贊比亞出生的兩個(gè)孩子的母親在一家公司工作，主持播客，爬過(guò)世界上最高的一些山，還有時(shí)間經(jīng)營(yíng)一個(gè)專注于非洲教育的非營(yíng)利性組織)”結(jié)合文章介紹了她的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷以及取得的成就可推知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是介紹一位登山先鋒。故選A。CManypeopletrytomakesocietychangeforthebetter.Therealchallengeishowtogetgoodsolutionstoscaleup(按比例放大)formajorchange.Newresearchsuggeststhatsocialchangemaydependontherelationshipbetweenbeneficialbehaviorsandpolicies.Theresearch,conductedbytheUniversityofMaine,UniversityofVermontandUniversitéLavalinQuebec,Canada,attemptedtounderstandhowsocietycanacplishmajor,transformativesocialchange,particularlythekindofsocialchangenecessarytosolvethegrowingproblemofclimatechange.Theresearchersstudiedabehaviorthatbenefitsgroups,butdoesnotspreadwithoutpolicysupport,suchasacostlymeasuretorelievetheeffectsofclimatechange.Theycreatedamathematicalmodel,whichsimulates(模擬)asocietywhereagentsliveingroupsandadoptthebeneficialbehaviorofpeers.Thatbehavior,giventherightconditions,canspreadlikeviral,butnotiftheinstitutionalcostsaretoohigh.“Largescalesocialchangeisnotjustpolicyorbehavior,buttheemergenceofanewselfreinforcing(自我強(qiáng)化)systemthatbinesboth.Thisallowsustoasknewquestions,suchas“howwouldanewpatternofbehaviorandpolicyspread?’”saysLaurentHébertDufresne,leadauthoronthestudy.Theresultsshowedthatbothbehavioralchangeandpolicychangearerequiredtoachievelargescalesocialchangeandthattheyneedtohappentogether.Thoughneithercangetthejobdoneonitsownpolicychangeisespeciallycritical.Theyfoundthatsometimesthebeneficialbehaviorcanspreadtoofar.Insomecases,thespreadofbehaviorbeyondgroupswithsupportingpolicycanreduceitsperceivedsuccessandslowthespreadofthepolicy,therebylimitingbeneficialsocialchangeoverall.Infutureresearch,theteamaimstoapplythesetypesofmodelstoallsortsofbeneficialsocialchange,particularlythechallengeoftacklingclimatechange.8.Whatfactormaydeterminesocialchangeaccordingtotheresearch?A.Beneficialbehavior.B.Goodpolicies.C.Publicawareness.D.Rulesandbeneficialaction.9.Whatisthepurposeoftheresearch?A.Tounderstandwhatsocialchangeis.B.Tofigureoutthewaysocietychanges.C.Toacplishtransformativesocialchanges.D.Totacklethegrowingproblemofclimatechange.10.Whatwilltheresearchersdonext?A.Puttheoryintopractice.B.Writeessaysabouttheirstudy.C.Takechallengesofclimatechange.D.Dosurveysontheirresearchsubject.11.Inwhichsectionmaythetextappearinanewspaper?A.Travel.B.Amusement.C.Society.D.Economy.【答案】8.D9.B10.A11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文介紹的是一項(xiàng)研究，該研究的目的是試圖了解社會(huì)如何實(shí)現(xiàn)重大的、變革性的社會(huì)變革，特別是解決日益嚴(yán)重的氣候變化問題所必需的那種社會(huì)變革?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Newresearchsuggeststhatsocialchangemaydependontherelationshipbetweenbeneficialbehaviorsandpolicies.(新的研究表明，社會(huì)變革可能取決于有益行為和政策之間的關(guān)系。)”可知，社會(huì)變革取決于行為和政策之間的關(guān)系。故選D。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Theresearch,conductedbytheUniversityofMaine,UniversityofVermontandUniversitéLavalinQuebec,Canada,attemptedtounderstandhowsocietycanacplishmajor,transformativesocialchange,particularlythekindofsocialchangenecessarytosolvethegrowingproblemofclimatechange.(這項(xiàng)由緬因州大學(xué)、佛蒙特大學(xué)和加拿大魁北克省拉瓦爾大學(xué)共同開展的研究，試圖了解社會(huì)如何實(shí)現(xiàn)重大的、變革性的社會(huì)變革，特別是解決日益嚴(yán)重的氣候變化問題所必需的那種社會(huì)變革。)”可知，該項(xiàng)研究的目的是試圖了解社會(huì)如何實(shí)現(xiàn)重大的、變革性的社會(huì)變革即弄清社會(huì)的變化。故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Infutureresearch,theteamaimstoapplythesetypesofmodelstoallsortsofbeneficialsocialchange,particularlythechallengeoftacklingclimatechange.(在未來(lái)的研究中，該團(tuán)隊(duì)的目標(biāo)是將這些類型的模型應(yīng)用于各種有益的社會(huì)變革，特別是應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的挑戰(zhàn)。)”可知，該研究接下來(lái)將把理論付諸于實(shí)踐。故選A?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Theresearch,conductedbytheUniversityofMaine,UniversityofVermontandUniversitéLavalinQuebec,Canada,attemptedtounderstandhowsocietycanacplishmajor,transformativesocialchange,particularlythekindofsocialchangenecessarytosolvethegrowingproblemofclimatechange.(這項(xiàng)由緬因州大學(xué)、佛蒙特大學(xué)和加拿大魁北克省拉瓦爾大學(xué)共同開展的研究，試圖了解社會(huì)如何實(shí)現(xiàn)重大的、變革性的社會(huì)變革，特別是解決日益嚴(yán)重的氣候變化問題所必需的那種社會(huì)變革。)”可知，本文介紹的是一項(xiàng)研究，該研究的目的是試圖了解社會(huì)如何實(shí)現(xiàn)重大的、變革性的社會(huì)變革，特別是解決日益嚴(yán)重的氣候變化問題所必需的那種社會(huì)變革。由此推斷，本文出自報(bào)紙的社會(huì)部分。故選C。DTheareaoftropicalforestdestroyedin2021wasenoughtocovertheentireislandofCuba,andsentmorecarbondioxideintotheatmosphereasIndiadoesinanentireyearfromburningfossilfuels,accordingtoananalysispublishedonThursday.Some11.1millionhectares(around43,000squaremiles)offorestwasdestroyed,mainlybylogging(伐木)aswellasfires,theanalysisbytheWorldResourcesInstitute’sGlobalForestWatchandtheUniversityofMarylandfound.Someofthosefiresweredeliberatelylittoclearlandandmanyweredeterioratedbyclimatechange.Thelosswaslessseverethanin2020,butdeforestation(毀林)isstilloccurringatanalarmingrateinthetropics.Ofthearealost,3.75millionhectareswereprimarytropicalforestattheequivalentof10soccerfieldseveryminute,WRIreported.Primarytropicalforestsinparticulararecrucialfortheecologicalbalanceoftheplanet,providingoxygenthatsupportslifeandasbiodiversityhotspots.Theyarealsorichinstoredcarbon,andwhentheseforestsareloggedorburned,theyreleasecarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,contributingtoglobalwarming.“What’simportanttounderstandisthatforests,especiallytropicalforests,arepartoftheglobalclimatesystem,”WRIseniorfellowFrancesSeymourtoldCNN.“Sothey’renotmechanicalcarbonstoragedevices.Theyactuallyinfluencetheenergytransferandthemoisturecontentoftheatmosphereinwaysthataffectrainfallandglobalcirculationpatterns.”“Whendeforestationhappens,whenforestsarelost,itnotonlycontributescarbontotheatmosphere,butalsodisruptsrainfallpatternsandincreaseslocaltemperaturesinsomeways.Forexample,itmakesremainingforestsmorevulnerabletofire,andthewarmer,drierconditionsthatewithclimatechange,”Seymoursaid.12.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“deteriorated”inparagraph2?A.strengthenedB.expandedC.worsenedD.extended13.Inwhichaspectareprimarytropicalforestsespeciallyimportant?A.Promotingworldeconomy.B.Balancingtheearth’secology.C.Predictingsevereweather.D.Providingwoodresources.14.WhatdidSeymourtalkaboutinthelastparagraph?A.Theconsequenceofdeforestation.B.Thecauseofforestsloss.C.Themethodsofprotectingforests.D.Thecontributionsofforests.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.LoggingcausesmostforestslossB.AnalystsareconcernedabouttropicforestslossC.PrimarytropicalforestsarerichinstoredcarbonD.Tropicalforestsarebeingdestroyedatanalarmingrate【答案】12.C13.B14.A15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道了伐木和火災(zāi)導(dǎo)致大面積的熱帶森林被毀，并分析了原始熱帶森林的意義和影響?！?2題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞前“Someofthosefiresweredeliberatelylittoclearland(其中一些火是故意點(diǎn)燃來(lái)清理土地的)”可知，句中在分析森林火災(zāi)的原因，結(jié)合火災(zāi)和“climatechange”可知，氣候變化因素會(huì)助力火災(zāi)的發(fā)生，會(huì)讓情況變得更糟。與結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，劃線詞deteriorate與worsen意思相近，表示“(使)惡化，(使)更糟”。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Primarytropicalforestsinparticulararecrucialfortheecologicalbalanceoftheplanet(原始熱帶森林對(duì)地球的生態(tài)平衡尤其重要)”可知，原始熱帶森林在平衡地球生態(tài)方面特別重要。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中Seymour的話“Whendeforestationhappens,whenforestsarelost,itnotonlycontributescarbontotheatmosphere,butalsodisruptsrainfallpatternsandincreaseslocaltemperaturesinsomeways.Forexample,itmakesremainingforestsmorevulnerabletofire,andthewarmer,drierconditionsthatewithclimatechange,(當(dāng)森林砍伐發(fā)生時(shí)，森林消失，它不僅會(huì)向大氣中排放碳，而且還會(huì)破壞降雨模式，在某種程度上增加當(dāng)?shù)氐臏囟取＠?，它使剩余的森林更容易受到火?zāi)的影響，帶來(lái)伴隨氣候變化的更溫暖、更干燥的條件)”可知，在最后一段中Seymour談到森林砍伐的后果。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，文章報(bào)道了2021年伐木和火災(zāi)導(dǎo)致大面積的熱帶森林正以驚人的速度遭到破壞，這會(huì)給地球生態(tài)帶來(lái)很大的影響?！癟ropicalforestsarebeingdestroyedatanalarmingrate(熱帶森林正以驚人的速度遭到破壞)”作為新聞報(bào)道標(biāo)題概括了新聞主要內(nèi)容，同時(shí)能抓住讀者眼球，激發(fā)閱讀興趣，是最佳選項(xiàng)。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。WhatisIQ—andhowmuchdoesitmatter?____16____Inshort,itissupposedtomeasurehowwellsomeonecanuseinformationandlogictoanswerquestionsormakepredictions.IQtestsbegintoassessthisbymeasuringshortandlongtermmemory.Theyalsomeasurehowwellpeoplecansolvepuzzlesandrecallinformationthey’veheard—andhowquickly.____17____Butsomestudentsstruggleinschoolbecauseofaweaknessinonespecificareaofintelligence.Thesestudentsoftenbenefitfromspecialeducationprograms.There,theygetextrahelpintheareaswherethey’restruggling.IQtestscanhelpteachersfigureoutwhichstudentswouldbenefitfromsuchextrahelp.IQtestscanalsohelpidentifystudentswhowoulddowellinfastpaced“giftededucation”programs.____18____AndtheUSgovernmentusesIQtestswhenchoosingwhotohire.Thesetestshelppredictwhichpeoplewouldmakegoodleaders,orbebetteratcertainspecificskills.____19____Mostnonexpertsthinkintelligenceisthereasonwhysuccessfulpeopledosowell.Psychologistswhostudyintelligencefindthisisonlypartlytrue.IQtestscanpredicthowwellpeoplewilldoinparticularsituations,suchasthinkingabstractlyinscience,nearingorart.orlendingteamsofpeople.Butthere’smoretothestory.Extraordinaryachievementdependsonmanythings.Andthoseextracategoriesincludeambition,persistence,opportunitytheabilitytothinkdearly—evenluck.____20____A.IQplaysaroleinhowsuccessfulwebee.B.IQisameasureofaperson’sreasoningability.C.Everystudentcanlearn,nomatterhowintelligent.D.Intelligencehelps,butsodoesinterestandpatience.E.It’stemptingforpeopletoreadalotintosomeone’sIQscore.F.Inaword,intelligencematters,butnotasmuchasyoumightthink.G.ManycollegesanduniversitiesalsouseexamssimilartoIQteststoselectstudents.【答案】16.B17.C18.G19.E20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了智商對(duì)成功有一定的作用，但并沒有你想象的那么重要。【詳解】1.上文“WhatisIQ—andhowmuchdoesitmatter?(什么是智商？它有多重要？)”提出什么是智商，空處應(yīng)該對(duì)此做出回答，B項(xiàng)“智商是衡量一個(gè)人推理能力的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。2.由下文“Butsomestudentsstruggleinschoolbecauseofaweaknessinonespecificareaofintelligence.(但有些學(xué)生在學(xué)校里表現(xiàn)不佳，是因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)谀硞€(gè)特定的智力領(lǐng)域存在缺陷)”的“But”可知，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，C項(xiàng)“不管多聰明，每個(gè)學(xué)生都能學(xué)習(xí)”符合，與下文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，表明每個(gè)學(xué)生都能學(xué)習(xí)，有聰明的地方，但存在某個(gè)特定的智力領(lǐng)域缺陷。故選C。3.上文“IQtestscanalsohelpidentifystudentswhowoulddowellinfastpaced“giftededucation”programs.(智商測(cè)試還可以幫助識(shí)別那些在快節(jié)奏的“資優(yōu)教育”項(xiàng)目中表現(xiàn)出色的學(xué)生。)”說(shuō)明智商測(cè)驗(yàn)的用途，空處應(yīng)該承接上文，繼續(xù)對(duì)此進(jìn)行介紹，G項(xiàng)“許多學(xué)院和大學(xué)也使用類似于智商測(cè)試的考試來(lái)選擇學(xué)生?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。故選G。4.下文“Mostnonexpertsthinkintelligenceisthereasonwhysuccessfulpeopledosowell.(大多數(shù)非專業(yè)人士認(rèn)為，智力是成功人士表現(xiàn)如此出色的原因。)”指出人們對(duì)別人的智商進(jìn)行了一些解讀，E項(xiàng)“人們很容易對(duì)別人的智商評(píng)分進(jìn)行過(guò)多解讀?！狈?，下文中的“Mostnonexperts”與E項(xiàng)中的“people”相呼應(yīng)。故選E。5.上文“Butthere’smoretothestory.Extraordinaryachievementdependsonmanythings.Andthoseextracategoriesincludeambition,persistence,opportunitytheabilitytothinkdearly—evenluck.(但事情遠(yuǎn)不止如此。非凡的成就取決于很多因素。這些額外的類別包括雄心壯志、堅(jiān)持不懈、有機(jī)會(huì)深入思考的能力——甚至是運(yùn)氣。)”指出成就的取得由很多因素造成，智力并不是最重要的，由此可知，空處應(yīng)該承接上文，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“總之，智力很重要，但并沒有你想象的那么重要”總結(jié)上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F。第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分45分)第一節(jié)(共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿分30分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。TommyPrice,27,wasrunningthroughHallsFellRidgeintheLakeDistrictwithhisfriendMaxSaleh,26.___21___,thelifeguard’srunwasstoppedwhenhesufferedalifethreateningepisode(發(fā)病)findinghimselffacedownonthe___22___Temperatureshadbeenat___23___pointalldaywithstrongwindsandsnowasTommytookaturnforthe___24___.Asthepair’sphoneswereshortofbattery,Maxmadethebrave___25___toputTommyinanemergencysurvivalbagandrunforhelp.WhenMax___26___hisbestfriend,hewasclinicallydeadforuptothreehoursand20minutes.Tommysufferedasuddencardiacarrest(心臟驟停)causedbysevere___27___temperatureashisbodytemperaturedroppedbelow19°ConJanuary6.KeswickMountainRescueTeam___28___Max’sraisedalarmandwenttoinvestigate,armedwithwarm___29___andsnacks.Around20minutesupHall’sFell,tworespondersdiscoveredTommy’ssurvival___30___empty.Theycontinuedtofindhimlyingface___31___furtherupthetrailandunresponsive.Theyfoundthemanwas___32___toallappearances.ButtheydidalltheycouldtotreatTommy.Alongwithateamdoctor,they___33___himtoahospitalinNewcastle.Fivedayslaterhe___34___,askingwhathadhappenedandwantingaglassofcoke.Tommyhasmadeagood___35___,buthehasseverenervedamageinhishandsandfeet.HeisnowrunningtheLondonMarathoninOctoberto___36___moneyforKeswickMountainRescueandtheteamwhosavedhislife.Hethankedhis___37___verymuch.Hesaid,“Ifitweren’tforMaxgettingdownthe___38___andgettingMRTtomeassoonaspossible,whoknowsifI’dbeheretoday.”Therescuershave___39___daringrunnerstoalwayspackspareclothesandasurvivalbagifrunninginextremeconditionscallingita___40___oflifeordeath.21.A.Instead B.However C.Therefore D.Thus22.A.ground B.bed C.air D.water23.A.boiling B.turning C.freezing D.folding24.A.future B.past C.better D.worse25.A.explanation B.decision C.preparation D.promise26.A.deserted B.met C.left D.lost27.A.hot B.cold C.high D.low28.A.received B.ignored C.heard D.witnessed29.A.clothes B.hats C.socks D.trousers30.A.place B.bag C.wallet D.material31.A.in B.up C.out D.down32.A.helpless B.homeless C.lifeless D.hopeless33.A.led B.rushed C.acpanied D.pulled34.A.laydown B.cameover C.gotup D.wokeup35.A.recovery B.examination C.ment D.ending36.A.spend B.earn C.raise D.save37.A.friend B.doctor C.team D.family38.A.town B.village C.city D.mountain39.A.threatened B.urged C.allowed D.ordered40.A.time B.way C.matter D.question【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.D25.B26.C27.D28.A29.A30.B31.D32.C33.B34.D35.A36.C37.A38.D39.B40.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。27歲的TommyPrice和他26歲的朋友MaxSaleh在湖區(qū)的霍爾菲爾嶺跑步，結(jié)果Tommy出了事生命垂危，多虧了他的朋友Max下山求救，Tommy才撿回一條命?！?1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，當(dāng)這個(gè)救生員發(fā)現(xiàn)自己臉朝下倒在地上，生命垂危時(shí)，他停止了奔跑。A.Instead相反；B.However然而；C.Therefore因此；D.Thus因此。結(jié)合前后文語(yǔ)境可知為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用however。故選B。【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，當(dāng)這個(gè)救生員發(fā)現(xiàn)自己臉朝下倒在地上，生命垂危時(shí)，他停止了奔跑。A.ground地面；B.bed床；C.air空氣；D.water水。根據(jù)上文“findinghimselffacedown”可知，是臉朝下，倒在地上。故選A。【23題詳解】考查形容詞和名詞詞義辨析。句意：氣溫一整天都在冰點(diǎn)，刮著大風(fēng)，下著雪，Tommy的情況開始惡化。A.boiling沸騰的；B.turning轉(zhuǎn)彎；C.freezing冰凍的；D.folding可折疊的。根據(jù)后文“alldaywithstrongwindsandsnow”可知，氣溫一整天都在冰點(diǎn)，刮著大風(fēng)，下著雪，Tommy的情況開始惡化。故選C。【24題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：氣溫一整天都在冰點(diǎn)，刮著大風(fēng)，下著雪，Tommy的情況開始惡化。A.future未來(lái)；B.past過(guò)去；C.better更好的事物；D.worse更差的事物。結(jié)合上文可知，天氣情況不好，Tommy的情況開始惡化。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：由于兩人的手機(jī)都快沒電了，Max做了一個(gè)勇敢的決定——把Tommy放進(jìn)一個(gè)緊急救生包里，然后跑去尋求幫助。A.explanation解釋；B.decision決定；C.preparation準(zhǔn)備；D.promise承諾。根據(jù)后文“toputTommyinanemergencysurvivalbagandrunforhelp”可知，由于兩人的手機(jī)都快沒電了，Max做了一個(gè)勇敢的決定——把Tommy放進(jìn)一個(gè)緊急救生包里，然后跑去尋求幫助。故選B?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)Max離開他最好的朋友時(shí)，他在臨床上死亡長(zhǎng)達(dá)3小時(shí)20分鐘。A.deserted拋棄；B.met遇見；C.left離開；D.lost失去。根據(jù)上文“toputTommyinanemergencysurvivalbagandrunforhelp.”可知，Max離開了Tommy去求救。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：1月6日，Tommy的體溫降至19℃以下，嚴(yán)重低溫導(dǎo)致他心臟驟停。A.hot熱的；B.cold寒冷的；C.high高的；D.low低的。根據(jù)后文“ashisbodytemperaturedroppedbelow19°C”可知，低溫導(dǎo)致心臟驟停。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Keswick山地救援隊(duì)接到Max發(fā)出的警報(bào)，帶著暖和的衣服和零食前去調(diào)查。A.received收到；B.ignored忽視；C.heard聽見；D.witnessed目擊。根據(jù)后文“Max’sraisedalarm”指接到發(fā)出的警報(bào)。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Keswick山地救援隊(duì)接到Max發(fā)出的警報(bào)，帶著暖和的衣服和零食前去調(diào)查。A.clothes衣服；B.hats帽子；C.socks襪子；D.trousers褲子。上文提到氣溫很低，所以是帶著衣服去調(diào)查。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：大約20分鐘后，兩名救援人員發(fā)現(xiàn)Tommy的救生袋是空的。A.place地方；B.bag包；C.wallet錢包；D.material材料。對(duì)應(yīng)上文“inanemergencysurvivalbag”提到的救生袋。故選B?！?1題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：他們繼續(xù)發(fā)現(xiàn)他臉朝下躺在小路上，沒有反應(yīng)。A.in在里面；B.up向上；C.out出去；D.down向下。呼應(yīng)上文“findinghimselffacedownonthe”指臉朝下，故選D?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那人看上去毫無(wú)生氣。A.helpless絕望的；B.homeless無(wú)家可歸的；C.lifeless無(wú)生命的；D.hopeless絕望的。根據(jù)后文“ButtheydidalltheycouldtotreatTommy.”可知，but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，說(shuō)明他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那人看上去毫無(wú)生氣。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在隊(duì)醫(yī)的陪同下，他們迅速將他送往紐卡斯?fàn)柕囊患裔t(yī)院。A.led帶領(lǐng)；B.rushed快速運(yùn)送；C.acpanied陪伴；D.pulled拉。根據(jù)上文“Theyfoundthemanwas12toallappearances.”和后文“himtoahospitalinNewcastle”指醫(yī)療隊(duì)急忙把沒有生命跡象的Tommy送去醫(yī)院。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：五天后，他醒來(lái)，問發(fā)生了什么事，并想要一杯可樂。A.laydown放下；B.cameover順便來(lái)訪；C.gotup起床；D.wokeup醒來(lái)。根據(jù)后文“askingwhathadhappenedandwantingaglassofcoke”可知，他醒來(lái)了。故選D。【35題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Tommy恢復(fù)得很好，但他手腳的神經(jīng)嚴(yán)重受損。A.recovery恢復(fù)；B.examination檢查；C.ment評(píng)論；D.ending結(jié)局。根據(jù)上文提到要喝可樂以及后文“buthehasseverenerved