★思維導(dǎo)圖★語法：狀語從句狀語從句指句子用作狀語時(shí)，起副詞作用的句子。它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動(dòng)詞、定語、狀語或整個(gè)句子。根據(jù)其作用可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、方式和比較等從句。狀語從句一般由連詞(從屬連詞)引導(dǎo)，也可以由詞組引起。從句位于句首或句中時(shí)通常用逗號與主句隔開，位于句尾時(shí)可以不用逗號隔開。一、時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)間狀語從句，由以下連詞引導(dǎo)whenwhileasafterbeforeassoonassincetill/untilbythetime在時(shí)間狀語從句中，要注意時(shí)態(tài)一致。一般情況下主句是將來時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。1.when當(dāng)...的時(shí)候Mozartstartedwritingmusicwhenhewasfouryearsold.(當(dāng))莫扎特的時(shí)候，開始寫音樂作品。2.while當(dāng)。。。時(shí)Hevisitedalotofplaceswhilehewastraveling.他在旅途中參觀了許多地方。3.as在。。。的同時(shí)；一邊。。。一邊。。。Hesmiledashestoodup.他一邊站起來一邊笑著。4.after在。。。之后Helefttheclassroomafterhehadfinishedhishomeworktheotherday.前幾天做完作業(yè)之后回的家。5.before在。。。之前Mr.brownhadworkedinabankforayearbeforehecamehere.布朗先生來這之前已經(jīng)在一家銀行里工作一年了。6.assoonas一。。。就。。。Webegantoworkassoonaswegotthere.我們一到那就開始工作。Iwillwritetoyouassoonasigethome.我一到家就給你寫信。7.since自。。。以來到現(xiàn)在表示自過去的一個(gè)起點(diǎn)時(shí)間到目前(說話時(shí)間)為止的一段持續(xù)時(shí)間。主句一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。Mrgreenhastaughtinthatschoolsincehecametochinathreeyearsago.自格林先生來中國以來，他就在這所學(xué)校教書。(還可以用作介詞，本句從句還可以用短語：sincethreeyearsago(自三年前以來)表示。)8till/until都可以作連詞，連接時(shí)間狀語，也可以作介詞，與其它詞構(gòu)成介詞短語，在句中作狀語。Theywalkedtill/untilitwasdark.他們一直走到天黑。XiaoMingdidn'tleavehometill/untilhisfathercameback.小明直到他爸爸回來才離開家。9.bythetime到。。。為止(所在句子的主句應(yīng)用完成時(shí))Bythetimehegetsthere,hisfatherhasalreadygone.他到家的時(shí)候，他爸爸已經(jīng)走了。Bythetimeigottoschool,theclasshadalreadybegan.我到校時(shí)，已經(jīng)開始上課了。難點(diǎn)——aswhenwhile的辨析aswhenwhile都表示主、從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，三者差異如下：表示“一邊。。。一邊＂的意思as強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，并表示對比時(shí)用于發(fā)生時(shí)間較段時(shí)when1、還可以表示從句動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作在主幾句動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作＂之前＂或＂之后＂發(fā)生。2、when＝andthen;atthatmoment(正在那個(gè)時(shí)候)while1、用于時(shí)間較長時(shí)2、強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，并表示對比時(shí)有時(shí)這三個(gè)連詞可以互換，有時(shí)不可以。Itwasraininghardwhen(as)igotthere.我到那里時(shí)，正在下大雨。(動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，when可換為as,但不能換為while，因?yàn)間et是點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞.)Whenihadreadthearticle,hecalledme.我看完這篇文章之后，她給我打了電話。(從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前，注意時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)，只能用when)Whenigottothecinema,thefilmhadbegun.(當(dāng))我到了電影院時(shí)，電影已經(jīng)開演了。(從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之后，只能用when,并要注意時(shí)態(tài))Hewasabouttoleave,whenthetelephonerang.他正要離開，忽然電話響了。(此時(shí)不能放在句首。主句動(dòng)詞一般表達(dá)“正在”“即將”.while,as不能代替)考點(diǎn)Shethoughtiwastalkingaboutherdaughter,while,infact,iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.他以為我在談她女兒，然而，實(shí)際上在談?wù)撐遗畠骸?表轉(zhuǎn)折，對比，when,as都不能代替它)考點(diǎn)Whilethealienwasbuyingasouvenir,thegirlcalledthepolice.外星人買紀(jì)念品時(shí)，那女孩給警察打了電話。(表示主句，從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，while后引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)動(dòng)詞不能是點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞，因?yàn)樗硎据^長時(shí)間)考點(diǎn)MotherwasworriedbecauselittleAlicewasill,especiallyas(when/while)fatherwasaway.媽媽擔(dān)心，因?yàn)樾埯惤z病了，特別是他父親不在家的時(shí)候。(此時(shí)as,when,while可通用)知識擴(kuò)展1.itissince從。。。以來多長時(shí)間了(因?yàn)閟ince+從句或名詞，表示一段時(shí)間)Itisfiveyearssincewemetlasttime.從我們上次見面已經(jīng)五年了。2.itis+before…(。。。才)Itwasalongtimebeforeiwenttosleepagain.過了很長時(shí)間我才睡著。Itwasanhourbefore(＝until)thepolicearrived.過了一個(gè)小時(shí)，警察才來。二、條件狀語從句要點(diǎn)：表示狀語從句由連詞if,unless(=ifnot)引導(dǎo)。1.Ifitdoesn'traintomorrow,wewillgohiking.如果明天不下雨,我們就去遠(yuǎn)足.2.Youwillgetgoodgradesifyoustudyhard.如果你努力學(xué)習(xí),就會(huì)取得好成績.3.Iwillgotothepartyunlesshegoestheretoo.我不會(huì)去參加聚會(huì)的,除非他也去.(如果他不去,我也不去.)4.Youwillbelateunlessyouleaveimmediately.如果你不馬上走,你將會(huì)遲到的.(=ifyoudon’tleaveimmediately,youwillbelate.)難點(diǎn)提示：用條件狀語從句時(shí)要注意時(shí)態(tài)的正確使用,當(dāng)主句是將來時(shí)的時(shí)候,從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).Hewillnotleaveifitisn'tfinetomorrow.一般將來時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Theyaregoingtohaveapicnicifitdoesn'trainnextweek.一般將來時(shí),一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)三、原因狀語從句要點(diǎn):由連詞because,since,as引導(dǎo),也可由for,nowthat等詞引導(dǎo)1.Ididn'tgotoschoolyesterdaybecauseiwasill.我昨天沒去上學(xué)，因?yàn)槲疑×恕?.Sinceeverybodyishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.既然大家都來了,讓我們開始開會(huì)吧.3.Asyouareinpoorhealth,youshouldnotstayuplate.既然你身體不好,你就不該熬夜.4.Iaskedhertostaytotea,forihadsomethingtotellher.我請她留下來喝茶,因?yàn)槲矣惺乱嬖V她..難點(diǎn)——because,since,as,for,辨析在語氣上，because最重,表示的是直接理由,回答why時(shí)只能用它.其次是since,as,一般不表示原因,而是表明理由,進(jìn)一步說明.(譯為：由于，既然).for被認(rèn)為是復(fù)合句的并列連詞(常用于推斷),表示理由.四、地點(diǎn)狀語從句要點(diǎn):由連詞where和復(fù)合關(guān)系詞wherever(=nomatterwhere)引導(dǎo).知識擴(kuò)展1.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者事竟成。(諺語)1.Itwillbemixedschoolwherenotallthechildrenaredisabled.他將是一所混合式學(xué)校，那里的兒童并不都是殘疾。(在限定性定語從句中對限先行詞起限定作用。)2.Whereveryougo,igotoo.無論你到什么地方，我都去。(wherever=nomatterwhere)無論何處，多用于句首。3.Whereverthereissmoke,thereisfire.無風(fēng)不起浪。(諺語)4.Whileshewaswonderingwheretogo,shemetapoliceman.疑問副詞where后跟不定式,構(gòu)成不定式短語.考點(diǎn)五、目的，結(jié)果狀語從句要點(diǎn)：目的狀語從句（見unit1語法）結(jié)果狀語從句由連詞(so)that,so…that,such…that,somuch/many…that引導(dǎo)。1.so…that如此…以至于Thescientist’sreportwassoinstructivethatwewereallveryexcited.科學(xué)家的報(bào)告很有啟發(fā)性，我們感到很興奮。Healwaysstudiedsohardthathemadegreatprogress.他總是那么努力，結(jié)果他取得了很大的進(jìn)步。2.such…that如此。。。以至It’ssuchniceweatherthatallofuswanttogotothepark.天氣是如此的好，我們大家都想去公園玩。難點(diǎn)so+形容詞或副詞so+形+a(an)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞so+many或few+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+thatso+much或little+不可數(shù)名詞+thatsothat,such…that都可以inorderthat兩者皆可引導(dǎo)目的地狀語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句，TheweatherissonicethatI’dliketotakeawalk.天氣是如此只好,以至于我想去散散步.Mikeissohonestamanthatweallbelievehim.麥克是如此誠實(shí)的一個(gè)人,以至于大家都相信他(=Mikeissuchanhonestmanthatweallbelievehim.)考點(diǎn)Therearesofewnotebooksthatican’tgiveyouany.筆記本太少了,我一本也給不了你.ItissuchniceweatherthatI’dliketotakeawalk.天氣是如此只好,以至于我想去散散步.考點(diǎn)六、讓步狀語從句要點(diǎn):表示讓步的狀語從句由連詞though,although引導(dǎo).難點(diǎn)：though,although當(dāng)雖然講,都不能和but連用.although,(though)…but的格式是不對的.但是他們都可以同yet(still)連用.所以thought(although)…yet(still)的格式是正確的.wrong:Althoughheisrichbutheisnothappy.right:Althoughheisrich,yetheisnothappy.雖然他很富有,然而他并不快樂.right:Althoughwehavegrownup,ourparentstreatusaschildren.right:Althoughwehavegrownup,ourparentsstilltreatusaschildren.盡管我們已經(jīng)長大了,可是我們的父母仍把我們看作小孩.although,though辨析although不能though那樣用作副詞,放在句末表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)要用eventhough.Heislookingfit,though.但是,他看上去很健康.考點(diǎn)Eventhoughididn'tunderaword,ikeptsmiling.盡管我一個(gè)字也不懂，我還是一直微笑著。Heisquiteexperienced,heisyoung,though.盡管他很年輕，他很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。七、比較狀語從句要點(diǎn)：比較狀語從句主要運(yùn)用于形容詞和副詞的原級，比較級及最高級的句子之中。原級1.as…as和。。。一樣Jackisastallasbob.捷克和湯姆一樣高。2.notso(as)…as…和不一樣Sheisnotso(as)outgoingashersister.她不如她姐姐外向。比較級more…than(更)Thisbookismoreinstructivethanthatone.這本書比那本書由教育意義。最高級1.themost…in/ofThisbookisthemostinterestingofthethree.這本書是三本中最有趣的。2.the+形容詞+est…of/inThisroadisthebusieststreetinourcity.這條路是我們城市最繁忙的街道。3.oneofthe+名詞(復(fù)數(shù))….之一(用于最高級)HanMeiisoneofthebeststudentsinourschool.韓梅是我們學(xué)校最好的學(xué)生之一。

★鞏固提升單項(xiàng)填空練習(xí)一1._______he’sold,hecanstillcarrythisheavybag.A.ThoughB.SinceC.ForD.So2.---Doyouknowifhe_______toplaybasketballwithus?---Ithinkhewillcomeifhe______freetomorrow.A.comes;isB.comes;willbeC.willcome;isD.willcome;willbe3.Inthezooifachild_____intothewaterandcan’tswim,thedolphinsmaycomeup______him.A.willfall;tohelpB.falls;tohelpC.willfall;helpD.falls;helping4.Idon’tremember________heworkedinthatcitywhenhewasyoung.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.who5.Wewillstayathomeifmyaunt________tovisitustomorrow.A.comesB.comeC.willcomeD.iscoming6.Thepoliceaskedthechildren_______crossthestreet________thetrafficlightsturnedgreen.A.not;beforeB.don’t;whenC.notto;untilD.not;after7.Iwaslateforclassyesterday_______therewassomethingwrongwithmybike.A.whenB.thatC.untilD.because8.I’llgoswimmingwithyouifI________freetomorrow.A.willbeB.shallbeC.amD.was9.Intheexam,the________youare,______the_______mistakesyouwillmake.A.careful;littleB.morecareful;fewestC.morecareful;fewerD.morecareful;less10.Youshouldfinishyourlessons_______yougoouttoplay.A.beforeB.afterC.whenD.while11.Ihurried_____Iwouldn’tbelateforclass.A.sinceB.sothatC.asifD.unless12.Whenyoureadthebook,you’dbettermakeamark_______youhaveanyquestions.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.though13.Theteacherraisedhisvoice_______allthestudentscouldhearhim.A.forB.sothatC.becauseD.inorder14.Hetookoffhiscoat_______hefelthot.A.becauseB.asC.ifD.since15.Itis______thatwe’dliketogooutforawalk.A.alovelydayB.toolovelyadayC.solovelyadayD.suchlovelyaday16.Maryhad______muchworktodothatshestayedatherofficeallday.A.suchB.soC.tooD.very17._______Ifeltverytired,Itriedtofinishthework.A.AlthoughB.BecauseC.AsD.Asif18.______thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.A.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As19.______wellyoucandrive,youmustdrivecarefully.A.SolongasB.InorderthatC.NomatterhowD.Themoment20.Writetomeassoonasyou________toBeijing.A.willgetB.getC.gettingD.got練習(xí)二1.Themeetingdidn'tstart___everyonewasthere.A.becauseB.untilC.whyD.if2.Theboy___tobed___hismothercamein.A.wentnot;untilB.didn'tgo;afterC.went;untilD.didn'tgo;until3.Iwon'tbelieveyou___Ihaveseenitwithmyowneyes.A.beforeB.untilC.afterD.when4.He___home___shewassatisfied___hisansweryesterday.A.didn'tgo;until;withB.wasn'tgo;after;toC.doesn'tgo;before;withD.didn'tgo;until;to5.He___backuntilthework___done.A.isn't;willbeB.isn't;isC.won'tbe;willbeD.won'tbe;is6.Theydidn'tstartthework___theirteachercameback.A.untilB.whileC.assoonasD.if7.Tomwillcallmeassoonashe___Shanghai.A.arrivesB.willreachC.arrivesinD.getto8.I'msurehe'llcometoseemebeforehe___Beijing.A.willleaveB.isleavingC.leaveD.leaves9.Iwilltellhimthenewsassoonashe___back.A.comeB.comesC.willcomeD.came10.Tomhasgotawatch.He___itfortwoyears.It_______byhisfather.A.hasbought;wasboughtB.hasgot;isbought,C.wasbought;hasbought.D.hashad;wasbought"'11.Whenhegottothestation,thetrain___.A.leftB.hadleftC.leavesD.hasleft12.Theboytoldhisfatherwhathe___inthestreet.A.sawB.haveseenC.hadseenD.see13.We___TVwhenthetelephone____.A.watched;wasringingB.werewatching;rangC.watch;ringsD.arewatching;rang14.Bytheendoflastterm,I___tenbooks.A.hadfinishedreadingB.havefinishreadingC.hadfinishtoreadD.finishread15.I___youforalongtime.Where___you___?A.didn'tsee;did;goB.didn'tsee;have;goneC.haven'tseen;have;beenD.haven'tseen;have;gone16.Tom___Chinafor3years.A.hasbeenB.hasbeeninC.hasbeentoD.hasbeenat17.Iwon'tgotoseethefilmtonight,becauseI___myticket.A.lostB.havelostC.willloseD.didn'tlose18.-Hello!MayIspeaktoBob?-Sorry,buthe___foramonth.A.hadbeenawayB.wasleftC.leftD.hasbeenaway19.I___himsinceIbegantoliveinthecity.A.knowB.haveknownC.knewD.willknow20.ZhaoLan___already___inthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studying21.Bettydidn'tgotoseethefilmyesterday___shewasill.A.becauseB.butC.untilD.if22MayIsitnearer___Icanseemoreclearly?A.asifB.sothatC.evenifD.so23.___youworkhard,youwillcertainlysucceed.A.ThoughB.IfC.BecauseD.For24.___hecametostudyintheuniversity,hehasmademuchprogressinthestudyofEnglish.A.WhileB.WhenC.SinceD.After25.I'dliketogoswimming_____thewaterisnottoocold.A.forB.unlessC.ifD.whether26.Thereare___manyleaguemembersinclass2___inClass4.A.both;andB.'so;thatC.either;orD.as;as27.-Doyouhaveabiglibrary?-No,wedon't.Atleast,not___yours.A.asbigasB.asbigthanC.asbiggerthanD.biggeras28.Suzhouisnot____beautiful____Hangzhou.A.as;thanB.so;asC.even;thanD./;than29.Ironismoreuseful___anyothermetal.A.asB.thanC.thenD.so30.Iwanttoknow___sheisgoingtosee