Unit1WhatisGeomatics?HeNanGeologyMinaralCollegeYangLikun01GeomaticsDefinedCONTENTS目錄PARTONE課程內(nèi)容01GeomaticsDefinedWheredoesthewordGeomaticscomefrom?Ithasbeensaidthatgeomaticsismanythingstomanypeople.Geomatics－測繪或地球空間信息學(xué)，這個名詞是怎么來的呢？據(jù)說測繪學(xué)這個詞對不同的人有不同的理解。GeomaticsDefinedThetermgeomaticsemergedfirstinCanadaandasanacademicdiscipline,

ithasbeenintroducedworldwideinanumberofinstitutesofhighereducationduringthepastfewyears,

mostlybyrenamingwhatwaspreviouslycalled“geodesy”or“surveying”,andbyaddinganumberofcomputerscience-and/orGIS-orientedcourses.測繪工程首次出現(xiàn)于加拿大并被當(dāng)作一門學(xué)科，許多高校的學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)在過去的幾年當(dāng)中廣泛的推薦了這個詞，這個詞來源于過去稱為“大地測量學(xué)”或“測量學(xué)”，并且加入了很多計算機(jī)科學(xué)及GIS方面的課程。GeomaticsDefinedThetermgeomaticsemergedfirstinCanadaandasanacademicdiscipline,

ithasbeenintroducedworldwideinanumberofinstitutesofhighereducationduringthepastfewyears,

mostlybyrenamingwhatwaspreviouslycalled“geodesy”or“surveying”,andbyaddinganumberofcomputerscience-and/orGIS-orientedcourses.測繪工程首次出現(xiàn)于加拿大并被當(dāng)作一門學(xué)科，許多高校的學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)在過去的幾年當(dāng)中廣泛的推薦了這個詞，這個詞來源于過去稱為“大地測量學(xué)”或“測量學(xué)”，并且加入了很多計算機(jī)科學(xué)及GIS方面的課程。GeomaticsDefinedNowthetermincludesthetraditionalsurveyingdefinitionalongwithsurveyingsteadilyincreasedimportancewiththedevelopmentofnewtechnologiesandthegrowingdemandforavarietyofspatiallyrelatedtypesofinformation,particularlyinmeasuringandmonitoringourenvironment.隨著新技術(shù)的發(fā)展和不斷增長的對空間關(guān)系的信息類型的需求，尤其是在測量和監(jiān)測我們的環(huán)境方面，現(xiàn)在，傳統(tǒng)測量學(xué)定義連同與日俱增的測量的重要性一起包含在這個術(shù)語里了。GeomaticsDefinedIncreasinglycriticalareareasofexpandingpopulations,appreciatinglandvalues,dwindlingnaturalresources,andthecontinuingstressingofthequalityofourland,waterandairfromhumanactivities.日益增長的危機(jī)來自人口擴(kuò)張，地價上漲，資源緊縮，還有由于人類活動引起的土地、水、空氣質(zhì)量的持續(xù)的壓力。GeomaticsDefinedAssuch,geomaticsbridgeswidearcsfromthegeosciencesthroughvariousengineeringsciencesandcomputersciencestospatialplanning,landdevelopmentandtheenvironmentalsciences.這樣，測繪學(xué)在地球科學(xué)，各種工程學(xué)，計算機(jī)科學(xué)，空間規(guī)劃，土地開發(fā)和環(huán)境科學(xué)相互之間架起了廣泛的橋梁。GeomaticsDefinedNowthewordgeomaticshasbeenadoptedbyseveralinternationalbodiesincludingtheInternationalStandardsOrganization(ISO),soitisheretostay.現(xiàn)在geomatics這個詞已經(jīng)被包括ISO在內(nèi)的數(shù)個國際機(jī)構(gòu)所采用，因此它就這樣被普遍接受。Theterm“surveyor”istraditionallyusedtocollectivelydescribethoseengagedintheaboveactivities.surveyor這個詞按慣例用來總指那些從事上述活動的人。MoreexplicitjobdescriptionssuchasLandSurveyor,EngineeringSurveyororHydrographicSurveyorforexample,arecommonlyusedbypractitionerstomoreclearlydescribeandmarkettheirspecializedexpertise.更詳細(xì)的工作描述，如土地測量員、工程測量員和水道測量員，一般被從業(yè)者用來更準(zhǔn)確的描述他們的專門技術(shù)。Thetermgeomaticsisarecentcreationtoconveythetruecollectiveandscientificnatureoftheserelatedactivitiesandhastheflexibilitytoallowfortheincorporationoffuturetechnologicaldevelopmentsinthesefields.geomatics這個術(shù)語是個新詞，表達(dá)了實體集合和它們相關(guān)聯(lián)的活動的自然科學(xué)，并使這些領(lǐng)域的未來技術(shù)發(fā)展的結(jié)合成為可能。Adoptionofthetermalsoallowsacoherentmarketingoftheprofessiontoindustryandschoolsonaworldwidebasis.這個術(shù)語的采用同時也在全世界范圍里為行業(yè)和學(xué)校建立了一個一致的專業(yè)市場。Asaresult,bothcourseandawardtitlesinthetraditionalLandSurveyingsectoratmanyoftheworld’sleadinguniversitiesarebeingchangedto“DegreeinGeomatics”.結(jié)果，世界上許多一流大學(xué)的傳統(tǒng)的測量專業(yè)的無論是課程還是授予資格都改為“測繪學(xué)位”了。Thisdoesnotsuggestthedemiseoftheterm“surveyor”andgraduateswillstillpracticeaslandsurveyorsorphotogrammertrists,etc.asappropriatetotheirspecialization.這并不意味著“surveyor”這個詞的消亡，測繪畢業(yè)生還將從事適合他們專業(yè)的土地測量員、攝影測量員及其他的工作Inthelastdecade,therehasbeendramaticdevelopmentandgrowthintheuseofhardwareandsoftwaresolutionstobothmeasureandprocessgeo-spatialdata.在過去的十年中，在應(yīng)用硬件和軟件的方法來測量和處理地球空間數(shù)據(jù)工作時有著突破性的發(fā)展和增長。Thishascreatedandwillcontinuetocreatenewareasofapplication,withassociatedjobopportunitiesforsuitablyqualifiedgraduates.創(chuàng)造并將繼續(xù)創(chuàng)造新的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域，并為合適的、合格的畢業(yè)生提供相關(guān)的工作。Asaresult,theroleofthe“surveyor”isexpandingbeyondtraditionalareasofpractice,asdescribedabove,intonewareasofopportunity.結(jié)果，“surveyor”的角色大大超越如前面所述的傳統(tǒng)領(lǐng)域，進(jìn)入到新的領(lǐng)域。Inaddition,recentadvancesinthetechnologyofdatacollectionandprocessinghaveblurredtheboundariesofpracticeandactivitybetweenwhatwerepreviouslyregardedasrelatedbutseparateareas.另外，最近的數(shù)據(jù)采集和處理技術(shù)的發(fā)展模糊了以前被認(rèn)為有聯(lián)系、卻彼此分離的領(lǐng)域的界限。Suchdevelopmentsareforecasttocontinueandwillcreatenewcareerpathsforgraduateswhoseeducationandtrainingisbroadlybasedandofahighacademicstandard.可以預(yù)見，這種發(fā)展繼續(xù)并將為涉獵廣泛、學(xué)識一流的畢業(yè)生創(chuàng)造新的事業(yè)。Toenablegraduatestotakefulladvantageofthesedevelopments,significantchangesineducationandtrainingarerequired.為了使畢業(yè)生能充分利用這些發(fā)展，必須進(jìn)行教育和訓(xùn)練的重大改革。Academicandprofessionalinstitutionsarealsoresponding,inpart,byadoptingthetermgeomaticsbothasacourseandasanawardtitle.Institutionn.機(jī)構(gòu)，團(tuán)體；Termn.術(shù)語學(xué)術(shù)和專業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)也做出了回應(yīng)，部分原因是將“地理信息學(xué)”一詞作為一門課程和一個學(xué)位的名稱。Aworkingdefinitionofgeomatics,whichreflectscurrentthinkingandpredictedchange,is:反映當(dāng)前思想和可預(yù)測的變化的一個現(xiàn)行的定義是：Thescienceandtechnologyofacquiring,storing,processing,managing,analyzing,andpresenting

geographicallyreferencedinformation(geo-spatialdata).測繪學(xué)是關(guān)于捕獲、存儲、處理、分析以及顯示地理學(xué)相關(guān)信息（地球空間數(shù)據(jù)）的科學(xué)技術(shù)。Thisbroadtermappliesbothtoscienceandtechnology,andintegratesthefollowingmorespecificdisciplinesandtechnologiesincludingsurveyingandmapping,geodesy,satellitepositioning,photogrammetry,remotesensing,geographicinformationsystems(GIS),landmanagement,computersystems,environmentalvisualizationandcomputergraphics.這個內(nèi)容廣泛的詞匯適用于以下的科學(xué)和技術(shù)，并且整合了以下的一些特定科目和技術(shù)，包括測繪學(xué)，大地測量學(xué)，衛(wèi)星定位，攝影測量學(xué)，遙