專題03重點(diǎn)語法講練“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句語法圖解觀察句子1．(教材P53)AscientistwhowasontheNobelPrizeCommitteecalledHansForssbergexplainedthat...2．(教材P53)Later，shestudiedChinesemedicinefortwoandahalfyearswithexpertsinthefieldfromwhomshegainedadeepknowledgeabouttraditionalpractices.3．(教材P53)Thereasonwhythiswasdifficultwasthattheteamhadlimitedresources.4．(教材P53)Theydidnothaveenoughstaff,andthelaboratoryinwhichtheyworkedhadpoorairquality.5．(教材P55)In1969,TuYouyouwaschosentoestablishateamwhosegoalwastofindacureformalaria...我的領(lǐng)悟1．例句1和5為關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句。2．例句3為關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句。3．例句2和4為“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。語法考點(diǎn)精講一、關(guān)系代詞的確定關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時(shí)，從句常由“介詞＋which/whom”引導(dǎo)。若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)只能用which，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)只能用whom；如果關(guān)系代詞作定語，也可用whose。◆TheladderonwhichIwasstandingbegantoslip.我腳下站著的梯子開始滑動(dòng)。◆We'llgotoseethefamoussingeraboutwhomwehavetalked.我們將去看望我們談到的那位著名的歌手。◆ThisistheboywithwhosepenIwrotealetterjustnow.這就是那個(gè)男孩，剛才我用他的鋼筆寫了一封信。[即時(shí)演練1]——單句語法填空(1)(2020·江蘇卷)Manylessonsarenowavailableonline，fromstudentscanchooseforfree.(2)(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Theyalsohadasmallpondintheyraisedfish.(3)Itisknowntoallthattheoldscientist，forlifewashardinthepast，stillworksveryhardinhiseighties.(4)Weallrespectourfather,withhelpwebecomeusefulpersons.答案：1，which2,which3,whom4,whose二、介詞的選取“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選用根據(jù)上下文要表達(dá)的具體意思、先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配或定語從句中某些單詞或短語的習(xí)慣搭配而定。具體用法如下：1．根據(jù)上下文要表達(dá)的具體意思來確定介詞。有些句子的先行詞完全一樣，這時(shí)，需要根據(jù)句子所要表達(dá)的意思選用不同的介詞。◆Thisisthepilotwithwhommybrotherhasworkedfortenyears.(＝Mybrotherhasworkedwiththepilotfortenyears.)這就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位飛行員。Thisisthepilotbywhommysonwassaved.(＝Mysonwassavedbythepilot.)這就是救了我兒子的那位飛行員。2．根據(jù)定語從句修飾的先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配來確定介詞。◆Doyoustillrememberthedayonwhichwemetforthefirsttime?你還記得我們第一次見面的那一天嗎？(ontheday)3．根據(jù)定語從句中某些單詞或短語的習(xí)慣搭配來確定介詞。有時(shí)候，這個(gè)介詞可能就是在定語從句中作謂語的動(dòng)詞短語中的一個(gè)固定介詞?！鬒sthisthecarforwhichyoupaidahighprice?這就是你花高價(jià)買的那輛汽車嗎？(payfor)◆ThisisthecomputeronwhichIspent3，000yuan.這就是我花3000元買的電腦。(spendmoneyonsth.)◆Thetwothingsabout/ofwhichhewasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidioms.他不確定的兩項(xiàng)是語法和一些成語。(besureabout/of)[即時(shí)演練2]——單句語法填空(1)(2018·江蘇卷改編)Self-drivingisanareainwhichChinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.(2)(2020·全國卷Ⅲ)Asabusinesswoman,Icaredeeplyaboutmycustomers.Butlikeanyoneforwhomyoufeelaffection,customerscanalsodriveyoumad.(3)ThepersontowhomIspokejustnowismyEnglishteacher.(4)ThefarmonwhichIonceworkedhastakenonanewlook.答案：1,in2,for3,to4,on三、“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”的特殊用法1．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”前出現(xiàn)不定代詞(all、both、none、neither、many、few、therest等)、數(shù)詞(分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)等)及“the＋最高級(jí)/比較級(jí)”等，用來表示部分、數(shù)目等意義?！鬞heeventwasorganizedbytwopeople,neitherofwhomisaprofessional.這次活動(dòng)是由兩個(gè)人組織的，他們都不是專業(yè)人士。◆Thefootballteamhas15members,theoldestofwhomis25yearsold.這支足球隊(duì)有15名隊(duì)員，其中最大的25歲。2．在定語從句中，有一些含介詞的動(dòng)詞短語不可拆開使用，如lookafter、lookfor等不能把介詞移至which或whom之前?！鬞hebabiesafterwhomthenursesarelookingareveryhealthy.(誤)◆Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.(正)正在被護(hù)士照顧的嬰兒們很健康。3．在“the＋名詞＋of＋關(guān)系代詞”或“of＋關(guān)系代詞＋the＋名詞”中一定不能漏掉冠詞the；在“whose＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中一定不能加上冠詞the?！鬒liveintheroom,thewindowsofwhichfacesouth.＝Iliveintheroom,ofwhichthewindowsfacesouth.＝Iliveintheroom,whosewindowsfacesouth.4．引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞when、where、why在定語從句中分別作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因狀語時(shí)，可根據(jù)其在句中的搭配關(guān)系，轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的“介詞＋which”結(jié)構(gòu)?！鬒twasaspecialdaywhenIsawtheadmirablepersoninmyheart.＝ItwasaspecialdayonwhichIsawtheadmirablepersoninmyheart.那是一個(gè)特殊的日子，在那天，我見到了我心中敬佩的人?！鬒twastheroomwherehehadlivedfortenyears.＝Itwastheroominwhichhehadlivedfortenyears.這就是他住了十年的屋子。5．theway后接定語從句時(shí)關(guān)系詞的選擇theway(方式，方法)作先行詞，后接定語從句時(shí)，若關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語，則用inwhich/that,關(guān)系詞也可省略；若關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語、主語等，關(guān)系詞用which/that,且關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語時(shí)也可省略?！鬞heway(inwhich/that)hetreatschildrenisverygood.他對(duì)待孩子們的方式非常好?！鬞heway(which/that)youtoldmeyesterdaydoesn'twork.你昨天告訴我的方法不管用。[即時(shí)演練3]——句型轉(zhuǎn)換(1)Atthemeetingheexplainedthereasonwhyhewaslateagain.→Atthemeetingheexplainedthereason．(2)Therearetwobuildings,andthelargerofthemstandsnearlyahundredfeethigh.→Therearetwobuildings,．(3)Luckily,we'dbroughtaroadmap.Withoutitwewouldhavelostourway.→Luckily,we'dbroughtaroadmap．(4)GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecitywhereIwasborn.→Greatchangesh