【暑假輔導(dǎo)班】新高二英語暑假精品課程（人教）第5講情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與過去將來時(shí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(Modalverbs)一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表特別語氣1.can/could(1)表示能力,意為“能,會(huì)”;could主要指過去的能力。*(2020·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)ThenIcansparesometimetolearnitagain,sothatwecanpracticetogethereveryday.然后我就可以抽出時(shí)間重新學(xué)習(xí)它,這樣我們就可以每天一起練習(xí)。*(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Intheseplacespatientscangotobenearnatureduringtheirrecovery.在這些地方,病人能夠在康復(fù)過程中親近大自然。*(2019·天津高考)IhadhopedtosendPeteragifttocongratulatehimonhismarriage,butIcouldn’tmanageit.我本來希望送給彼得一件禮物祝賀他結(jié)婚,但沒有做到。(2)表示請(qǐng)求或許可。當(dāng)請(qǐng)求允許做某事時(shí),兩者均可用,但用could語氣更委婉。當(dāng)表示允許某人做某事時(shí),一般要用can,而不用could。*—Can/CouldIuseyourbiketomorrowmorning?—Yes,youcan.——我明天早晨能用你的自行車嗎?——是的,可以。(3)表示驚異、懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度時(shí),意為“怎么能,怎么會(huì)”,主要用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中,用could時(shí)語氣較委婉。*Howcanyoubesocareless!你怎么那么粗心呀!【知識(shí)延伸】can與beableto的區(qū)別①can只能用在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),而beableto可用于更多的時(shí)態(tài)。*Hewillbeabletotellyouthenewssoon.他將能夠很快就告訴你這個(gè)消息。②表示過去特定的能力或經(jīng)過努力才具備的能力,只能用beableto。*Italkedwithherforalongtime,andfinallyIwasabletomakeherbelieveme.我和她談了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,最終,我讓她相信了我。2.must表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)肀仨氁瞿呈?多是出于義務(wù)、責(zé)任或強(qiáng)制命令,指說話人的主觀意志。*(2019·天津高考)StudentsmustprovidetheirpresentationsonCDsbeforeFriday,March23.學(xué)生們必須在3月23日周五之前提供他們的展示光盤。注：must用法點(diǎn)撥(1)回答must引出的問句時(shí),如果是否定的回答,不能用mustn’t,而要用needn’t或don’thaveto?！狹ustwehandinourEnglishexercisebooks?——我們必須交英語練習(xí)冊(cè)嗎?—Yes,youmust.(No,youdon’thaveto./No,youneedn’t.)——是的,你必須要交。(不,你不必)。(2)must用于疑問句中,可以用來表示責(zé)備、抱怨的感情色彩,意為“偏要,硬要”。mustn’t的意思是“禁止”,而不是“不必”。*Mustyouinterruptmenow?Can’tyouseeI’monthephone?你非要現(xiàn)在打斷我嗎?難道你沒看見我在打電話嗎?【知識(shí)延伸】haveto表示“必須,不得不”,意義與must很接近,但must表示主觀意志,而haveto表示由于客觀因素不得不做某事,并且可用于更多的時(shí)態(tài)。*(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)IworknotbecauseIhaveto,butbecauseIwantto.我工作不是因?yàn)槲也坏貌还ぷ?而是因?yàn)槲蚁牍ぷ鳌?Wemustpromoteourenvironmentalawarenessandbehaveourselves.我們必須提高環(huán)保意識(shí),并規(guī)范我們的行為。3.may/might(1)表示請(qǐng)求時(shí),兩者都可用,只是might表示的語氣較委婉(但并不表示過去);表示許可時(shí),通常要用may而不用might。*Youmaycomeinnow.你現(xiàn)在可以進(jìn)來了。(表示許可)*MightIhavealookatyournewcomputer?我可以看看你的新電腦嗎?(表示請(qǐng)求)(2)may表示祝福與愿望,多用于書面語中,構(gòu)成句型:May+you/n.+動(dòng)詞原形+...*Mayyouhaveagoodjourney!祝你旅途愉快!【知識(shí)延伸】maywell+動(dòng)詞原形,表示“很可能”;may/mightaswelldosth.不妨做某事。*Hemaywellbesurprisedattheresult.他很可能會(huì)對(duì)這個(gè)結(jié)果感到意外。*Tostartwith,youmightaswelllearntospeakMandarin.首先,你最好學(xué)會(huì)說普通話。4.shall(1)shall用于第一、三人稱的疑問句中時(shí)表示征求意見。*ShallIgetyousometea?我給你倒點(diǎn)茶好嗎?(2)用于第二、三人稱的陳述句時(shí),往往表示給對(duì)方(you)或第三者(he,she,they)以允諾、命令、決心、警告或威脅等,在法律、條約、協(xié)定等文件中可以表示義務(wù)、規(guī)定等。*Youshallfailifyoudon’tworkharder.如果你不再努力點(diǎn)兒,你就會(huì)失敗。(警告)*Eachcitizenshallcarryhisidentificationcardwhentravelling.旅游時(shí)每個(gè)市民務(wù)必帶上身份證。(規(guī)定)5.should/oughtto(1)表示責(zé)任、義務(wù),意為“應(yīng)該,應(yīng)當(dāng)”。*(2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Iwonderifparentsshouldalwaystellthetruthnomattertheconsequences.我想知道父母是否總是說出真相,無論結(jié)果如何。*(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Youshouldreassessyourgoals,andmotivateyourselftosetafreshgoal.你應(yīng)該重新評(píng)估你的目標(biāo),并激勵(lì)自己設(shè)立新的目標(biāo)。(2)should表示驚訝、贊嘆或不滿,意為“竟然”。*It’sstrangethatheshouldbelate.真奇怪,他竟然會(huì)遲到。6.will/would(1)will表示“意愿,意志”,would表示過去時(shí)間的“意愿、意志”。*IpromiseIwilldomybesttoprovidebestservicefortheAsianGames.我許諾我會(huì)盡最大努力為亞洲運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)提供最好的服務(wù)。*Itoldhertostopcrying,butshejustwouldn’tlisten.我告訴她別哭,但是她不愿意聽。(2)表示征求意見或提出請(qǐng)求。主要用于第二人稱疑問句中,will和would均可用,would此時(shí)不表示過去,而是表示委婉語氣。*Will/Wouldyoupassmethebook?請(qǐng)你把書遞給我好嗎?(3)will表示某種傾向或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,意為“總會(huì),老是”;would表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或過去的一種傾向。*Fishwilldiewithoutwater.沒有水,魚會(huì)死去。*Whenmyparentswereaway,mygrandmotherwouldtakecareofme.我父母外出的時(shí)候,祖母總是照看我?！局R(shí)延伸】would與usedto的區(qū)別(1)would表示過去經(jīng)常性且反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,沒有與現(xiàn)在對(duì)比的含義。*Whenwewereboys,wewouldgoswimmingeverysummer.當(dāng)我們是孩子的時(shí)候,我們每年夏天常常去游泳。(2)usedto表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),且現(xiàn)在已終止,強(qiáng)調(diào)今昔對(duì)比。*Peopleusedtobelievethattheearthwasflat.過去,人們總以為地球是扁平的。(現(xiàn)在已不再這樣認(rèn)為)7.need,dare(1)need表示必要性,意為“需要”,dare表示“敢于”;need和dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)常用于否定句、疑問句或條件句中,無人稱和數(shù)的變化,疑問句和否定句中不加助動(dòng)詞。*Youneedn’tcomeherethisafternoon.你今天下午不必來這里。*HowdareyousayI’munfair?你怎么敢說我不公平?(2)need和dare用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),有詞形變化。在否定句、疑問句中要加助動(dòng)詞。*Youdon’tneedtohurry.Youhaveenoughtime.你不需要著急。你有足夠的時(shí)間。*Hedoesn’tdare(to)answer.他不敢回答。二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)1.must表示有把握的推測(cè),只用于肯定句中,意為“一定,肯定”。*(2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Ilikeeatingfriedtomatoeswitheggs,andIthoughtitmustbeeasytocook.我喜歡吃西紅柿炒雞蛋,并且我認(rèn)為它炒起來一定很簡(jiǎn)單。*I’msurethatyoumustbeconcernedaboutRobertthemomentyouleftforLondon.我確信你一去倫敦就會(huì)很擔(dān)心Robert。2.can/could表示推測(cè),意為“可能”,用于否定句和疑問句。can比could語氣強(qiáng)。*TomhasgonetoBeijing,soyoucan’tseehiminourschoolnow.湯姆已經(jīng)去北京了,所以你現(xiàn)在在我們學(xué)?？床坏剿?。注：can表示客觀可能性(理論上或是邏輯判斷上),意為“可能會(huì)”。*ItcanberatherhotinourhometowninMarch.在我們家鄉(xiāng)三月份可能會(huì)很熱。3.may/might意為“可能,也許”,指可能性小的猜測(cè)。might比may語氣更不確定,表示的可能性更小。*Hemaybeathome,butIamnotsure.他或許在家,但是我不確定。*(2020·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Itellmymomthatifwe’reforcedtoeatthings,wemaybecomeill.我告訴我媽媽,如果我們被迫吃東西,我們可能會(huì)生病。4.should表推測(cè),暗含很大的可能,意為“應(yīng)該,理應(yīng)”。*It’s4:30.TheyshouldbeinNewYorkbynow.現(xiàn)在是四點(diǎn)半,他們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該到達(dá)紐約了。注：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)時(shí),可能性的大小肯定句:must>can/could>should>may>might否定句:can’t/couldn’t>shouldn’t>maynot>mightnot三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedonemusthavedone對(duì)過去的肯定推測(cè)譯為“過去肯定……”Itmusthaverainedlastnight,fortheroadwasquitewet.昨晚肯定下雨了,因?yàn)槁访媸殖睗?。can’t/couldn’thavedone對(duì)過去的否定推測(cè)譯為“過去不可能做了……”Hecouldn’thaveknownthedecision,butsomeonetoldhim.他一定不知道這個(gè)決定,但是有人告訴他了。couldhavedone本來能夠做而沒做Youcouldhavemadegreaterprogress,butyoudidn’ttryyourbest.你本能夠取得更大的進(jìn)步,但是你并沒有盡全力。may/might(not)havedone可能(沒有)做過某事Youmayhavedroppeditwhenyouwereshoppinginthemarket.你或許是在市場(chǎng)買東西的時(shí)候(把它)掉了。should(not)/ought(not)tohavedone本來該做而沒做/本來不該做而做了Youshouldhavecometoschoolifyouwerereallyseriousaboutyourstudy.要是你真的對(duì)待學(xué)習(xí)認(rèn)真的話,你本應(yīng)該來上學(xué)的。needn’thavedone本來不必做卻做了Youneedn’thavetelephonedhim,forhehadknowntheresult.你本不必打電話給他,因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)知道結(jié)果。過去將來時(shí)(Thepastfuturetense)1.過去將來時(shí)表示從過去某一時(shí)間來看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常用在賓語從句中。一般由“would+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。*Then,Irealizedsomethingterriblewouldhappen.那時(shí),我意識(shí)到糟糕的事情將要發(fā)生。*MybrothertoldmethathewouldcomebackonSaturday.我哥哥告訴我他周六回來。2.was/weregoingto+動(dòng)詞原形:表示過去將要發(fā)生或很有可能發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,常用于口語中,表示預(yù)言、意圖或者打算等。*Iwasgoingtoplaybasketball,butintheendIwenttothecinema.我打算去打籃球,但是最后我去看電影了。*Hewasgoingtostartworkthefollowingweek.他打算下星期開始工作。3.was/wereabouttodo:常用來表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,“剛要/正要做……”。注意該結(jié)構(gòu)不與任何時(shí)間狀語連用。*Iwasabouttoleaveforhomewhenanewtaskwasassignedtome.我正要離開回家,這時(shí)我又被指派了一項(xiàng)新任務(wù)。4.start,go,come,leave,see,meet等動(dòng)詞的過去進(jìn)行時(shí),表示就過去某一時(shí)刻而言即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。*Shewascominglater.她隨后就來。*Ihadjustputonmyovercoatandwasleavingtovisitafriendofmine.我剛穿上外套要去看我的一個(gè)朋友。5.was/weretodo:表示“曾計(jì)劃做某事”;如果表示“本來計(jì)劃做某事,動(dòng)作沒實(shí)現(xiàn)”,則需用“was/weretohavedone”。*ShesaidthattheyweretovisittheirEnglishteacherthenextweek.她說他們下周將去看望他們的英語老師。*Shesaidshewastohavetoldmeabouttheaccident.她說她本來想告訴我關(guān)于事故的事。復(fù)習(xí)演練Ⅰ.用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Helengoonthetripwithus,butsheisn’tquitesureyet.2.Morereservesshouldbesetupsothattheylivesafely.3.wegoonwiththisactivityonSaturdaymorning?4.Hetocleantheclassroomafterschool.5.Themanagersaidthathe(leave)atseventhenextFriday.

6.Youbetiredafterthelongtrip,aren’tyou?7.Hesaidhe(be)ninetyyearsoldintwoyears.

8.youpasstheCollegeEntranceExamination!9.Itisstrangethathethinkso.10.youmakesomuchnoisewhileIwasworking?Ⅱ.完成句子1.Shesomeoneknockedatthedoorofheroffice.

她正要離開這時(shí)有人敲她辦公室的門。2.Youmeup;Idon’thavetogotoworktoday.你本沒必要叫醒我;我今天不必去工作。

3.Theskywentverydarkandwethoughtitbutitwasafalsealarm.

天空變得黑沉沉的,我們以為要下雨了,不過只是虛驚一場(chǎng)。4.Youonthephoneatthattime,forIcouldn’tgetthrough.

你當(dāng)時(shí)一定在打電話聊天,因?yàn)槲掖虿煌ā?.You!It’sanemergencyexit.

你不許在這里停車!這是應(yīng)急出口。6.Whenitcomestoteachers’praiseorcriticism,weitseriously.

當(dāng)談到老師的表揚(yáng)或批評(píng)時(shí),我們最好認(rèn)真對(duì)待。7.Hehadknownthematterbeforeyoutoldhim,soyouittohim.

在你告訴他之前他就知道這件事了,因此你沒必要告訴他。8.Theywantedtoknownext.

他們想知道接下來要發(fā)生什么。9.Whenhewasthere,hethatcoffeeshopatthestreetcornerafterworkeveryday.當(dāng)他在那里的時(shí)候,他每天下班后都會(huì)去街角的那家咖啡店。

10.IdidnotcalltomakeanyairlinereservationbutI.

我沒打電話訂機(jī)票,但是我本應(yīng)該這么做的。IIⅠ.閱讀理解Itwasacoldandwindynight.MyfriendandIhadmetafteralongtime,andwerechattingforhours.Wedidnotnoticethetimepassingby,andsoonitwasclosetoteninthenight.Wedecidedtotakeanautorickshaw(黃包車)togotoourhouse.Itstartedraining,andwehurriedtogetintoanautorickshawandreachourplace.Noneoftheautorickshawsstoppedforus,exceptone.Thedriveraskeduswherewewantedtogoandwetoldtheplace.Withoutsayinganythingaboutthefee,hesaid,“pleasegetin.”Wethankedhimandgotin.Sinceitwasverycold,Iaskedthedrivertostopatanysmallrestaurantorateashop.Wewantedtohaveacupofhottea.Thedriverstoppednearasmallrestaurant.Weorderedteaandaskedthedrivertojoinusandhaveacupoftea.Thedriverrefused.Iinsisted,butherefusedagainpolitely.Iwasreallysurprised.In15minuteswereachedourhouse.Wepaidthefeeandthedriverthankedus.Onanimpulse,Istoppedhim,asIreallywantedtoaskhimwhyherefusedtodrinkteawithusattherestaurant.Hethoughtforamomentandreplied,“Sir,Mysonpassedawaythismorninginanaccident.Idon’thaveenoughmoneyforhisfuneral(葬禮),soImadeapromisenottodrinkanythinguntilIearnenoughmoney.That’swhyIdidn’tdrinkteawhenyouoffered.Pleasedon’tmisunderstand.”Webothweretouchedandofferedhimmoremoneyforhisson’sfuneral.Hepolitelyrefused.“Thankyouforyourgenerosity,sir.Inoneortwohours,ifIgetoneortwomorecustomers,IwillearnthemoneyIneed.”Thenhelefttheplace.1.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?A.Thedriverstoppednearasmallrestaurantbecauseoftheauthor’srequirement.B.Theauthorgotintothedriver’sautorickshawwithoutknowingthefee.C.Thedriveracceptedthemoneytheauthorofferedhimforhisson’sfuneral.D.Itwasalongtimebeforetheauthorandhisfriendmet.2.Whydidthedriverrefusetojointhemandhaveacupoftea?A.Becausehedidn’tliketea.B.Becausehedidn’tliketheauthor.C.Becausehehadmadeapromisetohissonthathewouldneverdrinkteaagain.D.Becausehehadmadeapromisenottodrinkuntilheearnedenoughmoneyforhisson’sfuneral.3.Whichwordscanbeusedtobestdescribethedriver?A.Strangeandserious.B.Unfriendlyandgreedy.C.Determinedandself-respected.D.Honestandhard-working.IV.語法填空閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Ichattedwithmyfriendinawell-knowncoffeeshopinatownofItaly.Asweenjoyedourcoffee,amanenteredand1.(sit)besideus.Hecalledthewaiteroverandsaid,“Two2.(cup)ofcoffee,oneofthemthereonthewall.”Weheardhisorderwithinterestandnoticedthathewasservedonecupofcoffeebuthepaidfortwo.

Whenheleft,thewaiterputapieceofpaperonthewall,3.(say)“ACupofCoffee”.Whilewewerestillthere,twoothermenenteredandorderedthecoffee,twoonthetableandoneonthewall.Theyhadtwobutpaidforthree.Thistimethewaiteralsodid4.samething.Itwassomething5.(usual)forus.Afterafewdays,wehadachance6.(enter)thiscoffeeshopagain.Whilewewereenjoyingourcoffee,aman7.appearedhomelessentered.Helookedatthewallandsaid,“Onecupofcoffeefromthewall.”

Thewaiterservedacupofcoffeetothisman8.(polite).Themanhadhiscoffeeandleftwithoutpaying.Wewere9.(amaze)towatchallofthisasthewaitertookapieceofpaperoffthewall10.threwitintothebin.

參考答案Ⅰ.1.Helenmay/mightgoonthetripwithus,butsheisn’tquitesureyet.2.Morereservesshouldbesetupsothattheycanlivesafely.3.ShallwegoonwiththisactivityonSaturdaymorning?4.Heoughttocleantheclassroomafterschool.5.Themanagersaidthathewasleaving(leave)atseventhenextFriday.

6.Youmustbetiredafterthelongtrip,aren’tyou?7.Hesaidhewouldbe(be)ninetyyearsoldintwoyears.

8.MayyoupasstheCollegeEntranceExamination!9.Itisstrangethatheshouldthinkso.10.MustyoumakesomuchnoisewhileIwasworking?Ⅱ.1.Shewasabouttoleavewhensomeoneknockedatthedoorofheroffice.

2.Youneedn’thavewakenmeup;Idon’thavetogotoworktoday.3.Theskywentverydarkandwethoughtitwasgoingtorainbutitwasafalsealarm.

4.Youmustbetalkingonthephoneatthattime,forIcouldn’tgetthrough.

5.Youmustn’tparkhere!It’sanemergencyexit.

6.Whenitcomestoteachers’praiseorcriticism,wemay/mightaswelltakeitseriously.

7.Hehadknownthematterbeforeyoutoldhim,soyouneedn’thavetoldittohim.

8.Theywantedtoknowwhatwouldhappennext.

9.Whenhewasthere,hewouldgotothatcoffeeshopatthestreetcornerafterworkeveryday.10.IdidnotcalltomakeanyairlinereservationbutIshouldhave.

III.【文章大意】我和朋友晚上打車時(shí)只有一輛車停下來。因?yàn)樘鞖夂芾?我邀請(qǐng)司機(jī)喝杯熱茶。但他拒絕了。溝通后得知司機(jī)的兒子今天早上在一次事故中去世了。他要掙到足夠