2025年1月普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試

英語

注意事項：

1．答卷前，考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。

2．回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改

動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在

本試卷上無效。

3．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時，先將答案標在試卷上，錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂

到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題：每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。

聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。

1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

Whatdoesthemanplantodo?

A.Lookforajob.B.Movetoanewplace.C.Rearrangethefurniture.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】W:Whatarealltheseboxesfor?

M:I’mlookingforanewapartment.

W:Why?

M:Well,justforachange.Andtherentistoohigh.

2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

A.Anewbook.B.Amorningpaper.C.AnAfricanteacher.

【答案】A

【解析】

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【原文】W:Wow,Jennifergothernewbookpublishedlastmonth.Ilearneditfromthemorningpapertoday.

M:Yes,Iknow,it’sbasedonherteachingexperienceinAfricalastyear.

3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

Howdoesthewomanprobablyfeelnow?

A.Regretful.B.Anxious.C.Confused.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】W:Jim.HaveyouseenBob?

M:Notsinceheleftmyofficeanhourago.Why?

W:He’ssupposedtobeattheairportnowtopickupMrAnderson,buthe’snowheretobefound.

4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?

A.Inarestaurant.B.Inapolicestation.C.Inacar.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】W:Slowdownabit,John,keepitunder65wedon’twanttobepulledoverbythepolice.

M:Okay.Ijustwantedtogettotheservicestationsooner.I’mkindofhungry.

5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

Whatisthemangoingtodotomorrow?

A.Paythebill.B.Checkthemailbox.C.Fixthegascooker.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】W:Ifoundthegasbillinthemailbox.

M:Howmuchisit?

W:Aboutahundredandfifty?Oh,itwasduelastFriday.

M:Don’tworry,I’lltakecareofittomorrow.

第二節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中

選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，

各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

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聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

6.WhatdoesStevethinkofhistraining?

A.Disappointing.B.Acceptable.C.Excellent.

7.HowlongdoesStevetraineachday?

A.Threehours.B.Fivehours.C.Tenhours.

【答案】6.C7.B

【解析】

【原文】W:Hello,Steve,howisyourtraininggoing?

M:Great.MycoachhasareallygoodswimprogramformeandIthinkI’minfirstclasscondition.

W:Doyouhavetogetupveryearly?

M:Well,Idon’tliketrainingearlyinthemorning,soIstartat10.

W:Isee.Whataboutlunchthen?

M:Idon’thavelunch.Lunchmakesmesleepy.Itrainallthroughthedayuntilthree.

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

8.WhatdoesMarksayaboutlivedrawing?

A.It’senjoyable.B.It’sstressful.C.It’screative.

9.WhatisthenewthingthatMarkwantstodrawon?

A.Magazines.B.Diaries.C.Maps.

10.WheredoMark’sinspirationscomefrom?

A.Hisdreams.B.Hisparents.C.Histravels.

【答案】8.A9.B10.C

【解析】

【原文】W:Goodeveningeveryone,I’mFionawithustonightisMark,afamouslocalartist.Thanksforjoiningus.

Mark.

M:ThankyouFiona.

W:Haveyoudonelivedrawingbefore?Istheremorepressuretodrawinfrontofanaudience?

M:Yes,Ihavedonelivedrawingbefore.It’salwaysfun.Ioftendrawpicturesinpubsandpeoplealwayscomeover

foralookandachat.

W:Iknowthatyou’vedrawnpicturesonmanythings,includingmapsandthecoversofbooksandmagazines.

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What’ssomethingyouhaven’tdrawnonyetbutreallywantto?

M:I’dliketodrawonpersonaldiariespeoplehavekeptovertheyearsanddrawtheowneronit.

W:Fantastic.Couldyoualsotelluswhereyourinspirationscomefrom?

M:MostarefromthepeopleI’vemetandtalkedtowhenIwastravelling.Ialwaysdreamedoftravelingaroundthe

worldandcreatingaseriesofdrawingsaboutdifferentcitiesintheworld.

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

11.Whatpositionisthemaninterestedin?

A.Windowcleaner.B.Shopassistant.C.Fitnesscoach.

12.Whatwillbeprovidedforthejob?

A.Acompanycar.B.Asmartphone.C.Avideorecorder.

13.Whatisneededtodothejob?

A.Computerskills.B.Physicalstrength.C.Workexperience.

【答案】11.A12.A13.B

【解析】

【原文】W:Hellomissuscar’scommercialcleaning.MayIhelpyou?

M:Yes,I’mcallingtoaskaboutthecleanerposition.Isitstillavailable?

W:Yes,itis.WemainlyworkwithsmallstoresintheareaandthejobistocleanthestorefrontWindows.

M:Iknowyousaidthatinthead.DoIneedworkexperience?

W:No,weofferonthejob.Paidtrainingasacompanycarisprovided.Youmusthaveadriver’slicenseandagood

drivingrecord.Youalsoneedtohaveasmartphoneforcommunication.

M:Surething.CanIaskaboutthepay?

W:Certainly,it’stentotwelvedollarsperhourplustips.

M:OKdoyouhaveotherrequirements?

W:Ouremployeesmustbedependableandbeabletoliftheavythingsandstandlonghoursatatime.

M:Noproblem.

W:Good.Canyoucometomorrowafternoonattwoforaninterview?

M:OK.

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

14.Whatdoesthemando?

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A.He’sareceptionist.B.He’sasecretary.C.He’sawaiter.

15.Whydoesthemansaysorrytothewoman?

A.Heshowedherthewrongway.

B.Thereisnoreservationforher.

C.Hernamehasbeenmisspelled.

16.Whatistheman’sadviceforthewoman?

A.Comebacklater.B.Talktothemanager.C.Postponethemeeting.

17.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?

A.Tidyuparoom.B.Makeaphonecall.C.Goforacoffee.

【答案】14.A15.B16.A17.C

【解析】

【原文】M:Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?

W:Yes,I’vegotareservation.MynameisHilaryLangley.

M:Justamoment,please.Howdoyouspellyourlastname?

W:ALALGLEYLangley.

M:Well,I’msorry,butwedon’tseemtohaveareservationforyou.

W:Theremustbesomemistake.I’mattendingaconferenceinthecityandmysecretarytoldmethattheconference

organizermadethereservationforme.

M:Isee.No,I’msorry.Youarenotbookedinhere.

W:Well,butcanyoufindmeasingleroomanyway?

M:I’mafraidthere’snothingavailableatthemoment.

W:Look,Ireallyneedaroomhere.CanItalktoyourmanager?

M:Themanagerisawayonbusiness,butwell,Imaybeabletohelpyouifyoucouldwaitandpreparetocheckin

aftertwointheafternoon,we’llhavesomeroomsatthattime.

W:That’dbeverykindofyou.Couldyougivemeacallwhenyouhavearoomavailable?I’lljustwanderaround

andhavesomecoffee.

M:Certainly.Wouldyoupleasegivemeyourphonenumber?

W:Sure.Here’smycard.Thanks.

聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

18.Whydomanybirdsliveinthecity?

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A.Theycanobtainfoodeasily.

B.Theyenjoyhumancompany.

C.Theylosttheirnaturalhabitat.

19.WhatdoesChristinafindsurprising?

A.Thebirdsarefacingseriousdangers.

B.Differentkindsofbirdslivetogether.

C.Somebirdsareattractedtothepoles.

20.WhatisChristina’ssuggestionconcerningthebirds?

A.Drivethemaway.B.Feedthemregularly.C.Doresearchonthem.

【答案】18.C19.B20.C

【解析】

【原文】Goodevening.I’mhonoredtohavemyvoiceheardtomakeadifferenceinthelivesofthoselittle

birdsthatshareourcity.MynameisChristina.I’manenthusiasticbirdwatcher.Becausewecutdowntoomany

treesinthenearbyareas,manybirdsnowfindplaceswithinthecitytolive.Themostcommonistheareabehindthe

largeadvertisementboardsonthepoles.It’sanaturalchoiceforthebirdsbecausethepolesaresimilartotrees,tall

andfarfromdangersontheground.Thesurprisingthingisthattherearelikelymorethanfiveorsixkindsofbirds

livingtogetherateachplace.Whiletryingtolearnmoreaboutthesebirds,Ifindthattherehavenotbeenany

consistentstudiesormonitoringofthem.Theireatinghabits,adaptationtolifeinthecity,diseases,deathrateand

suchotherinformationarenotavailable.I’dliketosuggestthataprogrammebestartedtostudythesebirds.Itcould

beconvenienttoemploybirdwatcherstodotheinitialstudies.

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳答案。

A

InterlibraryLoan(ILL)providesteachers,studentsandstaffwithaccesstobooksthatarecheckedoutornot

ownedbyourownlibraries,aswellasdigitizedcopiesofarticlesandbookchaptersfromourcollection.

WhoCanBorrow?

Currentstudents,teachers(includingretired)andstaffcanrequestitemsthroughILL.Interlibraryloanisnot

availabletoformerstudents,guestborrowersorfee-cardholders.

HowLongDoesItTake?

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Articlesareusuallyreceivedwithin1-2daysandbooksin5-10days.However,obtainingitemsthatarerare,

recentlypublishedorinhighdemandmaytakelonger.Tospeeduptheprocess,pleasemakesuretheinformation

yousubmitthroughtheILLRequestFormisaccurate.

LengthofLoans

Loanperiodsareestablishedbythelendinglibrary.Allduedatesarenotedonthelabel.Borroweditemsare

subjecttorecallbythelendinglibrary.Anyrestrictionsestablishedbythelendinglibrarywillbeindicatedonthe

label.Norenewals(續(xù)借)areallowedforphysicalitemsborrowedthroughILL.

Notification/DeliveryOptions

Foraphysicalitem,youwillbenotifiedbyemailwhenitarrives.Itemsarepickedupatoneofourlibraries—

theoneyouselectedintheILLRequestForm.Foranarticleorbookchapter,youwillbenotifiedbyemailwhenit

isavailable.Toobtainthearticleorchapter,clickonthelinkprovidedintheemailandlogintoyourILLaccount.

Onceinyouraccount,selectElectronicArticlesReceived.

InterlibraryLoanFees

LoanArticle/Chapter

LibraryType

CostCost

Non-ProfitLibraries$15$10

For-ProfitLibraries$20$12

International

$25$15

Libraries

21.WhocanusetheILLservice?

A.Formerstudents.B.Guestborrowers.

C.Retiredteachers.D.Fee-cardholders.

22.WhatisaruleforborrowingaprintbookthroughILL?

A.Payanextrafeefordelivery.B.Renewitbeforetheduedate.

C.Pickitupatthelendinglibrary.D.Returnitwhenitisrecalled.

23.Howmuchdoyoupayfortwoarticlesobtainedfromaninternationallibrary?

A.$15.B.$20.C.$24.D.$30.

【答案】21.C22.D23.D

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【解析】

【導語】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了圖書館間借閱服務的相關(guān)信息。

【21題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Currentstudents,teachers(includingretired)andstaffcanrequestitemsthrough

ILL.(在校學生、教師（包括退休教師）和工作人員可以通過ILL請求借閱資料。)”可知，退休老師可以

使用圖書館間借閱服務。故選C。

【22題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Borroweditemsaresubjecttorecallbythelendinglibrary.(借閱的物品可能會被借

出的圖書館召回。)”可知，通過ILL借閱紙質(zhì)書的規(guī)則是被借出的圖書館召回。故選D。

【23題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格中“InternationalLibrariesArticle/ChapterCost$15(國際圖書館文章/章節(jié)費用15美

元)”可知，從國際圖書館獲取兩篇文章的費用是15×2=30美元。故選D。

B

WhenIwasachildIwasoftentoldwhatnottoeat.“Youdon’twanttogetfat”wasonconstantrepeatthroughout

mychildhood.Itreallymessedupmyrelationshipwithfood—somethingthattookmeyearstoovercome.Because

ofthis,I’mcarefulnottoconnectwhatmykidsweighwiththeirworthaspeople.Iencouragemydaughtertomake

healthysnackchoicesandoftendissuade(勸阻)herfromaseconddessert.ButonedaywhenIheardhersaying“I

thinkI’mtoofat,”myheartsank.Itmademewonderifgivingheradviceonsnackswashavinganunintentionally

negativeimpact.

AccordingtoCharlotteMarkey,aprofessorofpsychology,foodisoneoftheraresubjectswhere,asparents,

sayinglessismore.“Therearesomanythingsinparentingthataregoodtotalkthrough,butI’mnotconvincedthat

foodisoneofthem,”shesays.“Itjustcreatessomeworriesandinsecuritiesinkidsthataren’tnecessarilyhealthy.”

Instead,sherecommendsapplyingawell-knownconceptamongnutritionexpertscalledthe“Divisionof

Responsibility,”whereparentsprovideavarietyofmostlyhealthyfoodstotheirkidsatfixedtimes,andthekids

themselvesdecidewhatandhowmuchtheywanttoconsume—evenifthatmeansoccasionallyeatingmorecookies

thancarrots.

Allowingkidstoeatwhattheywantalsoexposesthemtothenaturalconsequencesoftheirdecisions.“When

yourchildsays,‘Mystomachhurts,’youcansay,‘Wellyouhadalotofsugaryfoodsandyoumightfeelbetterif

youmadesomeotherchoices,’”saysMarkey.“Letthemfeelliketheyhavesomecontroloverit.”

I’vebeentryingoutthesestrategiesandI’vefoundthatwhenI’mlessrestrictive,theydomakebetterdecisions.

“Feedingisalonggame,”saysMarkey.“Thefoodyouhaveavailablemakesahugedifference.Eveniftheydon’t

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eatit,they’reseeingit.Andthenallofasuddenitclicks.”

24.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthorfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Sheisupsetbyherkids’weight.B.Sheiscriticalofthewayshewasfed.

C.Sheisinterestedinmakingfood.D.Sheisparticularaboutwhatsheeats.

25.WhichofthefollowingwouldMarkeydisapproveof?

A.Allowingkidstoeatcookiesoccasionally.B.Offeringvariousfoodstokidsatfixedtimes.

C.Explainingtokidstherisksoftakingsnacks.D.Talkingwithkidsaboutschoolatmealtimes.

26.Whatshouldkidsdoaccordingtothe“DivisionofResponsibility”?

A.Makedietdecisionsontheirown.B.Sharetheirfoodwithotherkids.

C.Eatupwhatisprovidedforthem.D.Helptheirparentsdothedishes.

27.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthestrategiesshehasbeenfollowing?

A.Costly.B.Complex.

C.Workable.D.Contradictory.

【答案】24.B25.C26.A27.C

【解析】

【導語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者自己因童年時被灌輸飲食觀念而影響了與食物的關(guān)系，心理學家建

議家長在飲食上少干預，作者嘗試策略后發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子能做更好的飲食決策。

【24題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“WhenIwasachildIwasoftentoldwhatnottoeat.‘Youdon’twanttogetfat’was

onconstantrepeatthroughoutmychildhood.Itreallymessedupmyrelationshipwithfood—somethingthattook

meyearstoovercome.(當我還是個孩子的時候，我經(jīng)常被告知什么不能吃。“你不想變胖”這句話在我整個

童年時期不斷重復。這真的搞砸了我與食物的關(guān)系——這是我花了多年時間才克服的問題)”可知，作者

童年時被灌輸?shù)娘嬍秤^念對其產(chǎn)生了負面影響，由此可推斷出，作者對自己童年時被喂養(yǎng)的方式持批判態(tài)

度。故選B項。

【25題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“AccordingtoCharlotteMarkey,aprofessorofpsychology,foodisoneoftherare

subjectswhere,asparents,sayinglessismore.‘Therearesomanythingsinparentingthataregoodtotalkthrough,

butI’mnotconvincedthatfoodisoneofthem,’shesays.‘Itjustcreatessomeworriesandinsecuritiesinkidsthat

aren’tnecessarilyhealthy.’(根據(jù)心理學教授夏洛特·馬基的說法，食物是為數(shù)不多的家長說得少反而更好的

話題之一?！霸谟齼悍矫?，有很多事情值得深入討論，但我不認為食物是其中之一，”她說。“這只會給

孩子們帶來一些不必要的擔憂和不安全感，這并不健康?！?”可知，馬基不贊成家長和孩子過多談論食物

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相關(guān)的話題，而向孩子解釋吃零食的風險屬于談論食物的話題，所以馬基不會贊成。故選C項。

【26題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Instead,sherecommendsapplyingawellknownconceptamongnutritionexpertscalled

the‘DivisionofResponsibility,’whereparentsprovideavarietyofmostlyhealthyfoodstotheirkidsatfixedtimes,

andthekidsthemselvesdecidewhatandhowmuchtheywanttoconsume—evenifthatmeansoccasionallyeating

morecookiesthancarrots.(相反，她建議應用營養(yǎng)專家中一個著名的概念，即‘責任劃分’，在這個概念中，

家長在固定的時間為孩子提供各種主要是健康的食物，而孩子自己決定想吃什么和吃多少——即使這意味

著偶爾吃的餅干比胡蘿卜多)”可知，根據(jù)“責任劃分”，孩子應該自己做飲食決策。故選A項。

【27題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“I’vebeentryingoutthesestrategiesandI’vefoundthatwhenI’mlessrestrictive,

theydomakebetterdecisions.(我一直在嘗試這些策略，我發(fā)現(xiàn)當我不那么嚴格限制時，他們確實會做出更好

的決策)”可知，孩子們確實會做出更好的決策，所以作者會認為自己所遵循的策略是可行的。故選C項。

C

Anoveldesignapproachtogardeninghasbeengaininginpopularityworldwide.Referredtoasmatrixplanting,

thisapproachaimsfornaturetodoalotmoreoftheheavyliftinginthegarden,andevensomeofthedesigning.

Eschewingfertilizers(化肥)andpowertools,it’sbasedonanelegantlysimpleprinciple:togardenmorelikenature

does.

TheconceptwasbornwhenGermancityplannerssoughttoplantlargeareasofparklandafterWorldWarIIin

areproduciblewaythatwouldneedminimalmaintenance.Plannerscreatedplantingmixesthatcouldbeused

modularly(模塊化).Inamatrixgarden,plantswithsimilarculturalneedsaregroupedsothattheywillgrowtogether

aboveandbelowground,formingacooperativeecosystemthatconserveswateranddiscouragesweeds.

DutchplantsmananddesignerPietOudolf’sgardenspopularizedthisstyle,addingartisticflavorstotheplanting

mixeswhileplayingwithcolorandform,includingfour-seasoninterestandservingtheneedsofwildlife.Beautiful

year-round,theyinviteyoutoenjoythesmallestdetail,fromthesoundofgrassesinthegentlewindtothesculpture

ofodd-lookingseedheads.

Ittakesalotofthoughttolookthisnatural.Whilematrixgardensappearwild,theyarecarefullyplanned,with

culturalneedsthefirstconsideration.Ledbytheconceptof“rightplant,rightplace,”theymatchplantsthatenjoy

thesamesoil,sunandweatherconditions,andarrangethemaccordingtotheirpatternsofgrowth.

Thebenefitsaresubstantialforbothgardenerandplanet.Withhumaninputsdramaticallyreduced,thegarden’s

ecologycandevelopwell.Establishedmatrixgardensshouldnotneedthelifesupportwegivemostgardens:fertilizer,

dividing,regularwatering.Comparedtotraditionalgardenplots,theyincreasecarbonabsorption,reducestormwater

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runoffandboosthabitatandbiodiversitysignificantly.

28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Eschewing”inthefirstparagraphmean?

A.Runningoutof.B.Keepingawayfrom.

C.Puttingupwith.D.Takingadvantageof.

29.Whywastheideaofmatrixplantingintroduced?

A.Tocontrolweedsinlargegardens.B.Tobringinforeignspeciesofplants.

C.Toconservesoilandwaterresources.D.Todeveloplow-maintenanceparkland.

30.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesPietOudolf’sgardens?

A.Traditional.B.Odd-looking.

C.Tasteful.D.Well-protected.

31.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.ThefutureofgardeningisWILD.B.NaturetreatsalllivesasEQUALS.

C.MatrixgardensneedmoreCARE.D.OldgardenplotsworkWONDERS.

【答案】28.B29.D30.C31.A

【解析】

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一種新型園藝設(shè)計方法——矩陣種植。

【28題詳解】

詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上文“Referredtoasmatrixplanting,thisapproachaimsfornaturetodoalotmoreoftheheavy

liftinginthegarden,andevensomeofthedesigning.(這種被稱為矩陣種植的方法旨在讓大自然在花園中承擔更

多繁重的工作，甚至承擔一些設(shè)計工作)”可知，矩陣種植是讓大自然自身承接更多的工作；結(jié)合常識和劃

線詞所在句“Eschewingfertilizers(化肥)andpowertools,it’sbasedonanelegantlysimpleprinciple:togarden

morelikenaturedoes.(Eschewing化肥和電動工具，它基于一個極其簡單的原則：更像大自然那樣進行園藝種

植)”中“togardenmorelikenaturedoes”可推知，要像大自然那樣進行園藝種植，讓大自然自身承接更多

的工作，就不需要使用化肥和電動工具。所以劃線詞“Eschewing”的意思是“避開、遠離”，與Keeping“away

from.”同義。故選B項。

【29題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“TheconceptwasbornwhenGermancityplannerssoughttoplantlargeareasof

parklandafterWorldWarIIinareproduciblewaythatwouldneedminimalmaintenance.(這個概念誕生于二戰(zhàn)后，

當時德國城市規(guī)劃者試圖以一種可復制且需要最少維護的方式種植大片公園綠地)”可知，引入矩陣種植的

想法是為了開發(fā)低維護成本的公園綠地。故選D項。

【30題詳解】

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推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“DutchplantsmananddesignerPietOudolf’sgardenspopularizedthisstyle,adding

artisticflavorstotheplantingmixeswhileplayingwithcolorandform,includingfourseasoninterestandserving

theneedsofwildlife.(荷蘭植物學家兼設(shè)計師PietOudolf的花園推廣了這種風格，在種植組合中增添了藝術(shù)氣

息，同時玩轉(zhuǎn)色彩和形態(tài)，四季都有看點，還滿足了野生動物的需求)”可知，PietOudolf的花園有藝術(shù)氣

息，很有品味。故選C項。

【31題詳解】

主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段中“Referredtoasmatrixplanting,thisapproachaimsfornaturetodoalot

moreoftheheavyliftinginthegarden,andevensomeofthedesigning.Eschewingfertilizers(化肥)andpower

tools,it’sbasedonanelegantlysimpleprinciple:togardenmorelikenaturedoes.(這種被稱為矩陣種植的方法旨

在讓大自然在花園中承擔更多繁重的工作，甚至承擔一些設(shè)計工作。它避開化肥和電動工具，基于一個極

其簡單的原則：更像大自然那樣進行園藝種植)”和最后一段中“Withhumaninputsdramaticallyreduced,the

garden’secologycandevelopwell.Establishedmatrixgardensshouldnotneedthelifesupportwegivemostgardens:

fertilizer,dividing,regularwatering.Comparedtotraditionalgardenplots,theyincreasecarbonabsorption,reduce

stormwaterrunoffandboosthabitatandbiodiversitysignificantly.(隨著人類投入的大幅減少，花園的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)可

以良好發(fā)展。成熟的矩陣花園不需要我們給予大多數(shù)花園的維持手段：化肥、分株、定期澆水。與傳統(tǒng)花

園地塊相比，它們增加了碳吸收，減少了雨水徑流，并顯著改善了棲息地和生物多樣性)”可知，文章主要

介紹了矩陣種植這種新型園藝設(shè)計方法，它讓花園更接近自然、野生的狀態(tài)，未來園藝可能會朝著這種更

自然、野生的方向發(fā)展。故A項“ThefutureofgardeningisWILD(園藝的未來是自然的)”能概括文章主旨，

適合做文章標題。故選A項。

D

Asnewtechnologiestakeonincreasinglyhumanlikequalities,there’sbeenapushtomakethemgenderless.

“Peoplearestereotyping(形成刻板印象)theirgenderedobjectsinverytraditionalways,”saysAshleyMartin,a

Stanfordassociateprofessoroforganizationalbehavior.Removinggenderfromthepicturealtogetherseemslikea

simplewaytofixthis.YetasMartinhasfoundinherwork,genderisoneofthefundamentalwayspeopleform

connectionswithobjects,particularlythosedesignedwithhumancharacteristics.

Inherstudy,Martinaskedparticipantstoratetheirattachmenttomale,female,andgenderlessversionsofa

digitalvoiceassistantandaself-drivingcarknownas“Miuu.”Itwasfoundthatgenderincreasedusers’feelingsof

attachmenttothesedevicesandtheirinterestinpurchasingthem.Forexample,participantssaidtheywouldbeless

likelytobuyagenderlessvoiceassistantthanversionswithmaleorfemalevoices.

Whilegenderingaproductmaybegoodmarketing,itmayalsostrengthenoutdatedorharmfulideasabout

powerandidentity.Thestereotypescommonlyassociatedwithmen,suchascompetitivenessanddominance,are

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morevaluedthanthoseassociatedwithwomen.Thesequalities,inturn,aremappedontoproductsthathavebeen

assignedagender.

Martin’sstudyalsofoundthatcreatingagenderlessobjectwasdifficult.Forinstance,ifanobject’snamewas

meanttosoundgenderless,likeMiuu,participantswouldstillassignagendertoit—theywouldassumeMiuuwas

a“he”or“she.”

Martinseesasilverlining,however:Shebelievesthatanthropomorphism(擬人化)“providesanopportunity

tochangestereotypes.”Whenwomenareputintopositionsofleadershiplikerunningcompanies,itreduces

negativestereotypesaboutwomen.Similarly,anthropomorphizedproductscouldbecreatedtotakeonstereotype-

inconsistentroles—amalerobotthatassistswithnursingorafemalerobotthathelpsdocalculations,forinstance.

32.Whatisthepurposeofmakingnewtechnologiesgenderless?

A.Toreducestereotypes.B.Tomeetpublicdemand.

C.Tocutproductioncosts.D.Toencouragecompetition.

33.Whatweretheparticipantsprobablyaskedtodointhestudy?

A.Designaproduct.B.Respondtoasurvey.

C.Workasassistants.D.Takealanguagetest.

34.Whyisitdifficulttocreategenderlessobjects?

A.Theycannotbemass-produced.B.Namingthemisachallengingtask.

C.Peopleassumetheyareunreliable.D.Genderisrootedinpeople’smind.

35.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?

A.Thequalityofgenderlessproducts.B.Theupsideofgenderingaproduct.

C.Themeaningofanthropomorphism.D.Thestereotypesofmenandwomen.

【答案】32.A33.B34.D35.B

【解析】

【導語】本文為說明文。文章講述了新技術(shù)呈現(xiàn)人類特質(zhì)時人們試圖使其去性別化，但性別是人們與物體

建立聯(lián)系的基本方式，且創(chuàng)造無性別物體很難，擬人化或能改變刻板印象。

【32題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“‘Peoplearestereotyping(形成刻板印象)theirgenderedobjectsinverytraditional

ways,’saysAshleyMartin,aStanfordassociateprofessoroforganizationalbehavior.Removinggenderfromthe

picturealtogetherseemslikeasimplewaytofixthis.(斯坦福大學組織行為學副教授阿什利·馬丁說：“人們

以非常傳統(tǒng)的方式對有性別的物品形成刻板印象。”完全去除物品的性別似乎是解決這個問題的簡單方

法)”可知，人們對有性別的物品存在刻板印象，讓新技術(shù)無性別化的目的是減少這種刻板印象。故選A

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項。

【33題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Inherstudy,Martinaskedparticipantstoratetheirattachmenttomale,female,and

genderlessversionsofadigitalvoiceassistantandaselfdrivingcarknownas‘Miuu.’(在她的研究中，馬丁讓參

與者對數(shù)字語音助手和名為‘Miuu’的自動駕駛汽車的男性、女性和無性別版本的喜愛程度進行評分)”

可知，參與者被要求對不同版本的產(chǎn)品進行評價，這類似于對調(diào)查做出回應。故選B項。

【34題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Martin’sstudyalsofoundthatcreatingagenderlessobjectwasdifficult.For

instance,ifanobject’snamewasmeanttosoundgenderless,likeMiuu,participantswouldstillassignagendertoit

—theywouldassumeMiuuwasa‘he’or‘she.’(馬丁的研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，創(chuàng)造無性別對象很困難。例如，如果一

個物品的名字聽起來是無性別化的，比如Miuu，參與者仍然會給它賦予一個性別——他們會認為Miuu是

‘他’或‘她’)”可知，因為性別觀念根深蒂固在人們的腦海中，所以即使物品本身試圖設(shè)計成無性別，

人們還是會賦予其性別，這導致創(chuàng)造無性