[一積詞匯見多識廣][課內(nèi)單詞回扣](一)閱讀詞匯寫其義1．inlandadj.內(nèi)地的；內(nèi)陸的 2．campaignn.戰(zhàn)役；活動3．dustn.沙塵；灰塵 4．coastaladj.沿海的5．cyclevi.騎自行車 6．maskn.面罩7．carbonn.碳 8．meltvi.融化(二)表達詞匯寫其形1．massadj.大量的；大規(guī)模的 2．processn.進程；過程3．forecastvt.預(yù)報；預(yù)告 4．a(chǎn)tmospheren.大氣；大氣層5．chemicaln.化學藥品 6．environmentn.環(huán)境7．garbagen.廢料；垃圾 8．scaryadj.恐怖的；嚇人的9．recyclev.重新利用；再循環(huán) 10．a(chǎn)bsolutelyadv.絕對地；完全地(三)拓展詞匯靈活用*1.frighteningadj.嚇人的；可怕的→frightenedadj.受驚的；害怕的→frightenvt.驚嚇；使害怕→frightn．恐懼；害怕2.evidencen．根據(jù)；證明→evidentadj.明顯的；顯然的3.majoradj.主要的；多數(shù)的→majorityn．大多數(shù)*4.urgentadj.緊急的→urgev．催促；極力主張→urgencyn．緊急；緊急情況5.pollutevt.污染→pollutionn．污染6plainvi.抱怨；發(fā)牢騷→plaintn．抱怨7.protectionn．保護→protectv．保護*8.strengthn．力量；力氣→strengthenv．加強；增強；鞏固→strongadj.強壯的；強烈的→stronglyadv.強壯地；強烈地*9.concernedadj.關(guān)心的；擔心的；有關(guān)的→concernn．關(guān)心；擔心vt.使關(guān)心；使擔心→concerningprep.關(guān)于用上面標注*的單詞的正確形式填空1．Davidhasastrongbody.Hehasthestrengthtodothishardwork.Wehadbetterstrengthentherelationshipwithhim.(strength)2．Theteacherurgedthatthestudentsshouldbetaughthowtotakeurgentactioninurgency.(urge)3．Thefrighteningscenefrightenedtheboy.Hefeltfrightenedbuthetriedtohidehisfright.(fright)4．Thepublichaveshowngreatconcernaboutthefoodsafety,becauseitconcernsthepeople'shealth.Itishopedthattheauthoritiesconcernedcanreallydosomethingabouttheissueconcerningthepublichealth.(concern)[話題單詞積累]1．ecology/I'k?l?d?I/n．生態(tài)2．noisy/'n?IzI/adj.嘈雜的；喧鬧的3．smelly/'smelI/adj.有臭味的4．radiation/reIdI'eI?(?)n/n.放射，放射物5．emission/I'mI?(?)n/n.排放6．rubbish/'r?bI?/n.垃圾；廢物7．litter/'lIt?/n.垃圾；廢物8．forbid/f?'bId/vt.禁止9．ban/b?n/vt.禁止10．permit/p?'mIt/vt.&n.許可，允許11．reduce/rI'dju?s/v.減少12．prevent/prI'vent/v.阻止，防止，預(yù)防13．a(chǎn)dvocate/'?dv?keIt/vt.擁護，支持，提倡14．conservation/k?ns?'veI?(?)n/n.保存，保護，管理15．replace/rI'pleIs/vt.取代16．substitute/'s?bstItju?t/v.取代17．effort/'ef?t/n.努力18．expectation/ekspek'teI?(?)n/n.預(yù)料；期望19．purpose/'p??p?s/n.目的，意圖20．responsibility/rI?sp?ns?'bIl?tI/n.責任，負責21．challenge/'t??lIn(d)?/n.挑戰(zhàn)(性)22．challenging/'t??lIn(d)?I?/adj.具有挑戰(zhàn)性的23．pour/p??/v.倒，傾瀉24．sort/s??t/v.分類25．extreme/Ik'stri?m/adj.極端的26．waste/weIst/n.廢料；垃圾27．renewable/rI'nju??b?l/adj.可再生的28．balance/'b?l(?)ns/n.平衡29．a(chǎn)buse/?'bju?z/vt.濫用30．sustainable/s?'steIn?b(?)l/adj.可持續(xù)的[二積短語頓挫抑揚][課內(nèi)短語回扣](一)根據(jù)漢語寫出下列短語*1.cut_down砍倒；削減；減少*2.be_caught_in突然遭遇(風暴等)*3.one_after_another一個接一個地4.have_a_bad_effect_on對……有壞影響5.wake_up_to醒來面對；意識到*6.take_in吸收；欺騙；理解*7.give_out放出；發(fā)出8.can't_help_but不得不9.in_a_nutshell簡言之；概括地講*10.look_through瀏覽；翻閱；快速查看(二)用上面標注*的短語完成下列句子1．Withmoreandmoreforestscut_down,_largequantitiesofsoilarebeingwashedaway.2．NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMaryaretiredofhavingtheexamone_after_another.3．SomeoneknockedatthedoorwhenMrYangwaslooking_throughtheeveningnewspaper.4．Tonycouldn'ttake_intheknowledgetheteacherhadtaughthimatall.Itwastoodifficultforhim.5．Hewas_caught_inaheavyrain,sohewaslateforwork.6．Itmaygive_outpoisonousgases,soyoumustbecarefulwithit.[話題短語積累]1．letoffwastewater排放廢水2．prevent/protect...from阻止/保護……3．keepthebalanceof...保持……的平衡4．a(chǎn)ttachgreatimportanceto十分重視5．useup/runoutof用光，耗盡6．livealow-carbonlife過低碳生活7．playanimportantpartin在……中起重要作用8．throwaway丟棄9．a(chǎn)rousepeople'sawarenessofenvironmentalprotection提高人們的環(huán)保意識10．fightagainst與……作斗爭11．dealwith處理12．participatein參與13．carryout開展；實施14．makejointefforts共同努力15．takeaction采取行動16．beharmfulto/doharmto對……有害17．callfor要求；提倡；邀請18．inchargeof負責19．callon/appealtosb.todosth.號召/呼吁某人做某事20．thereisnodenying/doubtthat...毫無疑問；毋庸置疑[三積句式寫作扮靚][課內(nèi)句式仿寫]1．so...that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句[例句]Theyareoftensothickthatyoucannotseethesun,andthewindissometimesstrongenoughtomovesanddunes.[仿寫]他們問了許許多多的環(huán)境問題，我確實都回答不上來。Theyaskedso_many_environmental_questions_thatIcouldn'tanswerallofthemindeed.2．makeit＋adj./n.＋todo...[例句]Thestormssometimescontinuealldayandtrafficmovesveryslowlybecausethethickdustmakesitdifficulttosee.[仿寫]她說睡前的這些活動讓孩子十分興奮，這讓他們平靜下來睡覺就十分困難。(2017·浙江高考)Shesaystheseactivitiesatbedtimecangetkidsallexcitedandmake_it_hard_for_them_to_calm_down_and_sleep.3．if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中的省略[例句]Thegarbageisthentakenawayand,ifpossible,recycled.[仿寫]如果可能的話，我出差去上海時會探望我的叔叔。If_possible,_IwillvisitmyunclewhenIgotoShanghaionbusiness.[話題佳句背誦]1．Manypeopleworrythatourenergywillrunoutquicklyifweuseitinanuncheckedway.許多人擔心，如果不控制能源的使用的話，我們的能源將會很快被耗盡。2．Plentyofrubbishandwastewaterarebeingpouredintotherivers;asaconsequence,watersourceshavebeebadlypolluted.大量的垃圾和廢水正涌入河流，結(jié)果，水源被嚴重污染。3．Thereisnodoubtthattheearthisbeingwarmerandthatitishumanactivitiesthathavecausedthisglobalwarming.毫無疑問，地球正變得更加暖和，全球變暖正是人類活動所致。4．Havingrealizedthegreatharmcausedbythehazeandtheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironment,peoplealloverthecountryaretakingmeasurestoreducethehazyweather.由于意識到了霧霾造成的嚴重危害和保護環(huán)境的重要性，全國人民正采取措施減少霧霾天氣。[四背語段語感流暢]Wehumanbeingshavecausedgreatdamagetoourenvironment,whichhasabadeffectonourexistence.Moreandmorepeoplehaverealizedthisproblemandplainedaboutit.Therefore,protectingtheenvironmenthasbeeamajorconcernofthesociety.AsfarasI'mconcerned,forourfuturewecandonothingbutprotectourenvironment.Itisurgenttoarousepeople'sawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.Thereisnodenyingthatweshouldmakejointeffortstowinthecampaignofprotectingtheenvironment.我們?nèi)祟愐呀?jīng)對環(huán)境造成了巨大的損害，這種損害對我們的生存有很壞的影響。越來越多的人已經(jīng)意識到了這種問題并為此而抱怨。因此，保護環(huán)境已成為社會的一個主要關(guān)注點。在我看來，為了我們的未來，我們只能保護我們的環(huán)境，當務(wù)之急是提高人們的環(huán)保意識。毋庸置疑，我們應(yīng)該共同努力贏得保護環(huán)境的戰(zhàn)役。[第一板塊重點詞匯突破][師生共研詞匯]1．strengthn．力量；力氣；長處；優(yōu)勢；強度[教材原句]TheChineseCentralWeatherStationcanforecastasandstormsomeweeksbeforeitarrivesinBeijing,butthestrengthofthestormsometimessurprisespeople.中國中央氣象臺能夠在沙塵暴到達北京前幾周預(yù)測到，但是有時沙塵暴的強度還是令人吃驚。(1)havethestrengthtodosth. 有力量/意志做某事buildupone'sstrength 增強某人的體質(zhì)strengthsandweaknesses 優(yōu)勢和劣勢withallone'sstrength 用全力(2)strongadj. 堅強的；強壯的；強烈的(3)strengthenvt. 增強；加強；鞏固①SummermakesmefullofenergyandIfeelIhavethestrengthto_do(do)themostdifficultthingsinmylife.(2016·四川高考書面表達)夏天使我精力充沛，我感覺我有力量做生活中最困難的事情。②Tomakemembersofateamperformbetter,thetrainerfirstofallhastoknowtheirstrengths_and_weaknesses.為了使隊員在比賽中表現(xiàn)得更好，教練首先必須了解他們的優(yōu)勢和劣勢。③Hehasbeendoingweighttrainingto_build_up_his_strength.他一直在進行舉重訓(xùn)練以增強體質(zhì)。④Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthen(strength)newmemories.(2017·北京高考)一種觀點是睡眠幫助我們加強新的記憶力。2．concernedadj.關(guān)心的；擔心的；有關(guān)的[教材原句]Ican'thelpbutfeelveryconcerned.我禁不住感到很擔心。(1)beconcernedwith... 與……有關(guān)，涉及beconcernedabout/for... 關(guān)心/擔心……beconcernedin... 有牽連；與……有關(guān)系beconcernedthat... 擔心……asfaras...beconcerned 就……而言/來說(2)concernn. 關(guān)注；擔心；利害關(guān)系vt. 使擔憂；涉及；關(guān)系到show/expressone'sconcernabout/for 對……表示關(guān)心/擔心(3)concerningprep. 關(guān)于；涉及①Manyparentsare_concerned_thatsomeTVprogramswillhaveabadinfluenceonthedevelopmentoftheirchildren.許多家長擔心一些電視節(jié)目會對孩子的成長有壞的影響。②As_far_as_I'm_concerned,_everysummerIstayatmyuncle'shouseinthecountryforthreeweeksandenjoyawonderfullifethere.(2016·四川高考書面表達)就我而言，每年夏天我會有三周的時間待在鄉(xiāng)下叔叔的家中，過著非常舒心的日子。③Iamwritingtoseeifitispossibleforyoutoprovidemewithinformationconcerning(concern)theclub.我寫信是想知道你是否可能提供給我有關(guān)該俱樂部的信息。[名師指津]concerned作形容詞時，意為“關(guān)心的，掛念的，擔心的”，充當前置定語；表示“相關(guān)的，有關(guān)的”，作定語時要后置。例如：aconcernedlook“關(guān)切的神色”；theauthoritiesconcerned“有關(guān)部門”。3．urgentadj.緊急的；迫切的[教材原句]Whatisthemosturgentproblemofall?所有問題中最緊急的是什么？(1)inurgentneedof 急需(2)urgevt. 催促；極力主張n. 沖動；強烈的愿望；迫切的要求urgesb.todosth./intodoingsth. 力勸/敦促某人做某事urgethat... 強烈要求；極力主張[從句謂語動詞用 (should＋)動詞原形](3)urgencyn. 緊急；緊急情況urgentlyadv. 緊急地；急切地①Ourteacherurgesusto_study(study)hardwiththeCollegeEntranceExaminationdrawingnear.隨著高考的臨近，老師敦促我們努力學習。②Thepeopleintheearthquake-strickenareaarein_urgent_need_offood,medicineandshelters.地震災(zāi)區(qū)的人們急需食品、藥品和住宿的地方。③Itisstronglyurgedbystudentsthatthelibrary(should)_be_kept(keep)openduringtheweekend.學生們極力主張圖書館周末也開放。4．plainv．抱怨；發(fā)牢騷；投訴[教材原句]Hedoesnothingbutplain.他除了抱怨什么事也沒做。(1)plain(tosb.)of/about(doing)sth. (向某人)投訴/抱怨(做)某事；(向某人)發(fā)牢騷plain(tosb.)that... (向某人)抱怨……(2)plaintn. 抱怨；投訴；控告makeaplaintabout/ofsth. 抱怨/投訴某事makeaplainttosb. 向某人抱怨/投訴①Sheplainedtousthatnoonehadbeenattheairporttomeether.她向我們抱怨說沒人去機場接她。②Severalpassengersplainedtotheairpanyabout/ofthebadserviceontheflight.幾名旅客向航空公司抱怨飛機上的服務(wù)差。③Ifyouwishtomakeaplaint(plain)aboutthat,youshouldgotoseethemanager.如果你要對此投訴，你應(yīng)該去見經(jīng)理。[詞匯過關(guān)練]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Afterthreehours'walkinthesun,Ididn'thavethestrengthto_walk(walk)anyfurther.2．Thingsaregettingworseandworse,whichmakesusreallyconcernedaboutthecooperationwiththeforeignpanies.3．(2017·天津高考)Theideathatthegovernmentwouldtakeoverdriverlesscarsandtreatthemasapublicgoodwouldgetabsolutely(absolute)nowherehere.4．Theriskofairpollution(pollute)ismuchgreaterthanwepreviouslythought.5．Thereisconvincingevidence(evident)thatlisteningtoloudmusiccandogreatharmtoourhearing.6．Itisurgentthatfoodandclothing(should)_be_sent(send)tothesufferers.7．HespenthisundergraduatedaysinColumbiaUniversity,majoring(major)ineconomics.8．MaybeallAmericansrealizethatwhoevertheyexpecttobethenextpresidentwillfacemassesofproblems.9．Hello,I'mcallingtoplainabout/ofoneofyoursalesstaff.10．Pleasepayattentiontothesedangerouschemicals(chemistry)whenyouaredoingtheexperiment.Ⅱ.單句改錯1．Thepublicurgedthatthegovernmentmusttakemeasurestopreventsuchcasesfromhappeningagain.去掉must或must→should2．Ourgovernmentisdeterminedtosolvethoseproblemsthatfarmersaremostconcerned.concerned后加about或for3．Thegoodshavebeenreceived,butwehavetomakeaplainaboutpackingthoughweregrettodosoplain→plaint4．Properexercisecanbuildupone'sstrengthsandreducediseases.strengths→strength5．Whenthefirebrokeoutintheship,Sallywasfrighteningoutofherwits.frightening→frightenedⅢ.單句寫作(一句多譯)1．人們向我抱怨他們得不到足夠的信息。①Peopleplain_to_me_that_they_don't_getenoughinformation.(plaintosb.that)②Peopleplain_to_me_about_not_gettingenoughinformation.(plaintosb.about)③Peoplemake_a_plaint_to_me_that_they_don't_getenoughinformation.(plaint)2．就我來說，只有平時努力學習，你才能最終獲得成功。①As_far_as_I'm_concerned,_onlybystudyinghardatordinarytimecanyousucceedeventually.(concerned)②In_my_opinion,_onlybystudyinghardatordinarytimecanyousucceedeventually.(opinion)3．為上課做準備，我強烈建議你們多閱讀。①Inpreparationforlectures,I_strongly_urge_you_to_do_some_reading.(urgesb.todo)②Inpreparationforlectures,I_strongly_urge_you_into_doing_some_reading.(urgesb.intodoing)③Inpreparationforlectures,I_strongly_urge_that_you_should_do_some_reading.(urgethat)[第二板塊短語、句式突破]1．cutdown砍倒；削減；減少；縮小(尺寸、數(shù)量)；駁倒；殺死；奪去……的生命[教材原句]Desertsarealsocreatedbecausepeoplecutdowntreesanddigupgrass.人們砍伐樹木和鏟除草地也會導(dǎo)致沙漠的形成。[一詞多義]寫出下列句中cutdown的含義①Everyoneofuscanmakeagreatefforttocutdowntheuseofenergyinourcountry.減少；削減②Immediateactionsshouldbetaken,likestoppingcuttingdowntrees,tobettertheenvironment.砍倒③Hunger,coldandillnesscutdownmanyofthevillagers.奪去……的生命cutdownon 減少；削減cut...downto 把……削減到cutin 插嘴；打斷(談話)；插進cutoff 切斷，中斷；隔絕cutout 刪除；切下cutup 切碎；齊根切掉④Weneedtocut_the_article_down_to1,000words.我們要把這篇文章壓縮到1000字。⑤Itisimpoliteforchildrento_cut_inwhentheirseniorsaretalking.孩子們在他們的長輩談話時插嘴講話是不禮貌的。⑥Whentheirchildrenlivedfarawayfromthem,theseoldpeoplefeltcutofffromtheworld.(2016·浙江高考單選)當孩子們住得離他們很遠時，這些老年人就感覺是與世隔絕了。2．takein吸收，吸入；收留，留宿；包括，包含；理解，領(lǐng)會；欺騙，上當；改小[教材原句]Treestakeincarbondioxideandgiveoutoxygen.樹木吸收二氧化碳并釋放氧氣。[一詞多義]寫出下列句中takein的含義①TheUnitedKingdomtakesinEngland,Wales,ScotlandandNorthernIreland.包括②Don'tbetakeninbyproductspromisingtomakeyouloseweightquickly.欺騙；上當③ItwasseveralminutesbeforeIcouldtakeinwhathewassaying.理解；領(lǐng)會④Hewashomeless,sowetookhimin.收留；留宿⑤Themorefatyoutakeinbeforebedtime,thegreaterburdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight.(2016·四川高考)吸收takeaway 拿走takeback 取回；收回takedown 取下來；拆掉；記下takeon 雇用；呈現(xiàn)takeover 接管；占領(lǐng)；控制takeup 拿起；接受；占據(jù)；開始做；從事⑥Hebeingaway,Ihadtotakeoverhiswork.他不在，我不得不接管他的工作。⑦Someresearchhasindicatedthatunemployedworkersshouldtakeupanyjobtheycanget,includingtemporarywork,asabridgetowell-paidemployment.一些研究表明，失業(yè)工人應(yīng)該從事他們能找到的任何工作，包括臨時工作，以此作為找到高薪工作的橋梁。3．lookthrough瀏覽；翻閱；翻找；審核[教材原句]Lookthroughthereadingpassagesandactivitiesinthismodule.瀏覽本模塊中的閱讀短文和活動內(nèi)容。lookaround 環(huán)視，四下張望lookback(onsth.) 回顧，回想(某事)；回頭看lookdownon/upon 看不起，輕視lookinto 朝里看；調(diào)查；深入了解lookout 當心，注意lookup 抬頭看；查找；查出；查閱lookupto 尊敬；仰慕；欽佩①Youmustlookthroughthesebillsandcheckthembeforeyoupaythem.你必須在付款前審查和核對一下這些賬目。②Looking_back_onmychildhood,Iamconvincedthatnaturalistsarebornandnotmade.回顧我的童年，我堅信自然學家是天生的而不是培養(yǎng)出來的。③Terry,pleaselookupfromyourcellphonewhenGrandmaistalkingtoyou.(2014·安徽高考單選)特里，當奶奶和你說話的時候請不要看著你的手機。4．Thegarbageisthentakenawayand,if_possible,_recycled.然后垃圾被帶走，如果可能的話會進行回收利用。此處ifpossible相當于ifitispossible，屬于省略句，常在句中作插入語，起補充說明的作用。(1)在if,when,while,once,unless等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中如果謂語動詞含有be的某種形式，且從句的主語與主句的主語一致或從句的主語是it時，從句的主語和be動詞可以省略。(2)if引導(dǎo)的省略形式，作為固定用法的有以下幾種：ifever 如果曾經(jīng)有的話ifnot 如果不這樣的話ifany 如果有的話ifso 如果是這樣的話ifnecessary 如果需要的話①Ifinterested(interest)init,pleasesendyourinformationto123456@sina.(2017·全國卷Ⅲ書面表達)如果有興趣，請把你的信息發(fā)送到123456@sina。②Shegavemeafortingsmile,noddedwhilelistening(listen)patiently.(2016·全國卷Ⅱ)她耐心地傾聽，點點頭，給我一個令人欣慰的微笑。③Heisonlytooreadytohelpothers,seldom,if_ever,_refusingthemwhentheyturntohim.他非常樂意幫助別人，當別人求助于他的時候，他很少，如果曾經(jīng)有過的話，拒絕他們。[短語、句式過關(guān)練]Ⅰ.cut短語填空1．Traditionally,Chinesepeoplecut_outtheChinesecharactersDoubleHappinessandstickthemontowallsordoorsforweddings.2．Myunclehasn'tbeenabletoquitsmoking,butatleasthehascut_down.3．Wewerecut_offinthemiddleofourtelephoneconversationbecausemycellphonewasoutofpower.4．IwishMariewouldstopcutting_inonourconversationallthetime.Ⅱ.take短語填空1．Ilistenedtothespeechcarefully,butIstillcouldn'ttake_in.2．IknowhowbusyyoumustbeandnaturallyIwouldn'twanttotake_uptoomuchofyourtime.3．Ifyoudonottake_backwhatyousaid，Ishallnotspeaktoyouagain.4．ItwasduringtheMingDynastythattheGreatWallwasrepairedandextendedtotake_ontheappearanceithastoday.5．Thepanywasingoodconditionwhenitwastaken_overbyhisson.Ⅲ.look短語填空1．Ifyoudon'tknowthemeaningofaword,lookitupinthedictionary.2．Thegovernmentwilllook_intohowtoreduceunemployment.3．Justlook_throughthefirstandlastparagraph,andyouwillseewhatitismainlyabout.4．Look_outwhenyou'recrossingthestreet.Ⅳ.運用所學短語完成下面語段Theseyearsthey1.are_often_caught_in(經(jīng)常遭遇)sandstorms.Why?Becausealotoftreeshavebeen2.cut_down(砍倒).Treesdoalotofgoodtotheenvironment.They3.take_in(吸收)carbondioxideand4.give_out(放出)oxygen.5.In_a_nutshell(簡言之),ifwekeepon6.cutting_down(砍伐)trees,sandstormsarelikelytoe7.one_after_another(一個接一個地)．Ⅴ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1．Oncehewasintheexaminationhall,heforgoteverything.→Once_in_the_examination_hall,_heforgoteverything.2．Shehurtherleftlegwhileshewasplayingfootball.→Shehurtherleftlegwhileplaying_football.3．Unlessitisnecessary,you'dbetternotrefertothedictionary.→Unless_necessary,_you'dbetternotrefertothedictionary.4．Ifitispossible,Iwouldliketohavetwocopiesofit.→If_possible,_Iwouldliketohavetwocopiesofit.eq\a\vs4\al([課堂雙線提能]課堂一刻鐘演練，實現(xiàn)教材與高考的對接)提能一用課文詞匯寫高分作文process,concerned,campaign,plain,environment,pollute,urgent,citizen,protection,takein,cutdown,giveout1．補全要點句(“黑體”部分選用上面方框中的單詞或短語)①在發(fā)展經(jīng)濟的過程中，我們一直在污染環(huán)境。Intheprocessofdevelopingeconomywehavebeenpollutingtheenvironment.②因為污染，我們幾乎不能呼吸到新鮮的空氣。Becauseofpollution,_wecanseldombreathefreshair.③大多數(shù)市民關(guān)心環(huán)境保護。Mostofcitizensareconcernedabouttheenvironmentalprotection.④抱怨目前的緊迫形勢沒用。It'snouseplainingaboutthepresenturgentsituation.⑤我們應(yīng)該發(fā)起一項活動來提高人們的環(huán)保意識。Weshouldlaunchacampaigntoraisepeople'sawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.⑥我們應(yīng)該關(guān)閉排放廢物的工廠。Weshouldclosefactorieswhichgive_outpollutedwaste.⑦如果可能的話，我們應(yīng)該栽種更多的樹木來吸收二氧化碳而不是砍伐。Ifitispossible,weshouldplantmoretreestotake_inCO2ratherthancutthemdown.⑧盡管改變這種情況會是一個緩慢的過程，但我們有信心我們能夠成功。Althoughgettingitchangedisaslowprocess,_weareconfidentthatwecanmakeit.2．升級平淡句(1)用it作形式賓語改寫句②Pollution_often_makes_it_hard_for_us_to_breathe_fresh_air.(2)用if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的省略形式改寫句⑦If_possible,_we_should_plant_more_trees_to_take_in_CO2_rather_than_cut_them_down.3．銜接成語篇(注意使用適當?shù)倪^渡銜接詞匯：fortunately,but,asfarasI'mconcerned,besides,inanutshell)Intheprocessofdevelopingeconomywehavebeenpollutingtheenvironment.Pollutionoftenmakesithardforustobreathefreshair.Fortunately,mostofcitizensareconcernedabouttheenvironmentalprotection.Butit'snouseplainingaboutthepresenturgentsituation.AsfarasI'mconcerned,weshouldlaunchacampaigntoraisepeople'sawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.Weshouldclosefactorieswhichgiveoutpollutedwaste.Besides,ifpossible,weshouldplantmoretreestotakeinCO2ratherthancutthemdown.Inanutshell,althoughgettingitchangedisaslowprocess,weareconfidentthatwecanmakeit.提能二用課文句型解構(gòu)高考長難句[本單元突破點——定語從句＋時間狀語從句＋原因狀語從句]經(jīng)典例句比較分析真題嘗試翻譯課文長難句Thisisaprocessthathappenswhenlandbeesdesertbecauseofclimatechangesandbecausepeoplecutdowntreesanddigupgrass.that引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞process，并在從句中作主語；when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句；because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。這些無休止地困擾著我，因為當專家們正忙著辯論哪個選擇最好時，那些想改善自己生活的人們卻被所有這些相互矛盾的信息所困擾著。真題長難句Thisupsetsmetonoendbecausewhilealltheexpertsarebusydebatingaboutwhichoptionisbest,thepeoplewhowanttoimprovetheirlivesareleftconfusedbyalloftheconflictinginformation.(2014·全國卷Ⅰ閱讀理解C)because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句；while引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句；who引導(dǎo)定語從句并在從句中作主語?！白匀粸?zāi)害”是高中新課程標準24個話題之一——“自然與環(huán)境”中的一個子話題，也是高考常考的一個熱點話題?！白匀粸?zāi)害”是人類依賴的自然界中所發(fā)生的異常現(xiàn)象，且對人類社會造成了危害的現(xiàn)象或事件。自然災(zāi)害之中既有地震、火山爆發(fā)、泥石流、海嘯、臺風、龍卷風、洪水等突發(fā)性災(zāi)害；也有地面沉降、土地沙漠化、干旱、海岸線變化等在較長時間后才能逐漸顯現(xiàn)的漸變性災(zāi)害；還有臭氧層變化、水體污染、水土流失、酸雨等人類活動導(dǎo)致的環(huán)境災(zāi)害。我們需要認識這些災(zāi)害的發(fā)生、發(fā)展以及盡可能減少它們所造成的危害。此話題多在閱讀理解、書面表達題型中考查。一、話題與語篇[考題示例](2016·北京高考閱讀B)SurvivingHurricaneSandy(颶風桑迪)[1]NatalieDoan,14,hasalwaysfeltluckytoliveinRockaway,NewYork.Livingjustafewblocksfromthebeach,Nataliecanseetheoceanandhearthewavesfromherhouse.“It'stheoceanthatmakesRockawaysospecial，”shesays.[2]OnOctober29,2012,thatoceanturnedfierce.Thatnight,HurricaneSandyattackedtheEastCoast,andRockawaywashitespeciallyhard.Fortunately,Natalie'sfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecity'sbridgesclosed.[3]WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.ManyofNatalie'sfriendshadlosttheirhomesandwerelivingfaraway.Allaroundher,peopleweresuffering,especiallytheelderly.Natalie'sschoolwassodamagedthatshehadtotemporarilyattendaschoolinBrooklyn.[4]Inthefollowingfewdays,themenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNatalie.Volunteerscamewithcarloadsofdonatedclothingandtoys.Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelpingothersrebuild.Teenagersclimbeddozensofflightsofstairstodeliverwaterandfoodtoelderlypeopletrappedinpowerlesshigh-risebuildings.[5]“MymomtellsmethatIcan'tcontrolwhathappenstome，”Nataliesays,“butIcanalwayschoosehowIdealwithit.”[6]Natalie'schoicewastohelp.[7]Shecreatedawebsitepage,matchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtohelp.NataliepostedinformationaboutaboynamedPatrick,wholosthisbaseballcardcollectionwhenhishouseburneddown.Withindays,Patrick'scollectionwasreplaced.[8]Intheingmonths,herwebsitepagehelpedlotsofkids:Christopher,whoreceivedanewbasketball;Charlie,whogotanewkeyboard.Nataliealsoworkedwithotherorganizationstobringmuch-neededsuppliestoRockaway.Hereffortsmadeherafamousperson.LastApril,shewasinvitedtotheWhiteHouseandhonoredasaHurricaneSandyChampionofChange.[9]Today,thescars(創(chuàng)痕)ofdestructionarestillseeninRockaway,buthopeisintheair.Thestreetsareclear,andmanyhomeshavebeenrebuilt.“Ican'timaginelivinganywherebutRockaway，”Nataliedeclares.“Myneighborhoodwillbeback,evenstrongerthanbefore.”1．WhenNataliereturnedtoRockawayafterthehurricane,shefound________.A．somefriendshadlosttheirlivesB．herneighborhoodwasdestroyedC．herschoolhadmovedtoBrooklynD．theelderlywerefreefromsuffering2．AccordingtoParagraph4,whoinspiredNataliemost?A．ThepeoplehelpingRockawayrebuild.B．Thepeopletrappedinhigh-risebuildings.C．Thevolunteersdonatingmoneytosurvivors.D．Localteenagersbringingclothingtoelderlypeople.3．HowdidNataliehelpthesurvivors?A．Shegavehertoystootherkids.B．Shetookcareofyoungerchildren.C．ShecalledontheWhiteHousetohelp.D．Shebuiltaninformationsharingplatform.4．Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A．Littlepeoplecanmakeabigdifference.B．Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.C．Eastorwest,homeisbest.D．Technologyispower.[策略指導(dǎo)](一)這樣讀文第1步：宏觀把握文章大意分層抓關(guān)鍵句概括層意行文結(jié)構(gòu)第1段第1段畫波浪線部分介紹人物、地點按時間順序第2段第2段畫波浪線部分說明時間、事件第3段第3段畫波浪線部分災(zāi)難后果第4段第4段畫波浪線部分各種援助第5～8段第6段畫波浪線部分娜塔莉的幫助第9段第9段畫波浪線部分結(jié)果第2步：微觀突破理解障礙[自主翻譯]娜塔莉居住的地方離海邊僅有幾個街區(qū)，所以她能夠看到大海也能夠從家中聽到濤聲。[自主翻譯]由于斷電很多老人被困在高層建筑中，孩子們爬上幾十層樓梯給他們送去水和食物。(二)這樣做題[名師解題]1．細節(jié)理解題。選B根據(jù)第三段中的“ManyofNatalie'sfriendshadlosttheirhomesandwerelivingfaraway.”可知，A項錯誤；根據(jù)“Natalie'sschoolwassodamagedthatshehadtotemporarilyattendaschoolinBrooklyn.”可知，學校沒有搬走，她只是暫時去布魯克林上學，C項錯誤；根據(jù)“peopleweresuffering,especiallytheelderly”可知，D項錯誤；根據(jù)“WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.”可知，他們的街區(qū)被颶風毀了，故選B。2．細節(jié)理解題。選A根據(jù)第四段第一句“Inthefollowingfewdays,themenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNatalie.”可知，是那些幫助洛克威重建的人給了娜塔莉最大的鼓舞。B、C、D三項為“張冠李戴”型錯誤。3．細節(jié)理解題。選D根據(jù)第七段第一句“Shecreatedawebsitepage,matchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtohelp.”可知，娜塔莉創(chuàng)辦了一個網(wǎng)站與公眾分享信息，以幫助那些需要幫助的人。A項為“張冠李戴”型錯誤；B項為“無中生有”型錯誤；C項為“曲解文意”型錯誤。4．寫作意圖題。選A根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句可知，娜塔莉的助人行為得到了社會的認可和贊揚，說明小人物也可以有大作為。B、C兩項為“無中生有”型錯誤；D項為“曲解文意”型錯誤。[閱讀理解系列技法11]聯(lián)系生活實際，判斷寫作意圖寫作意圖題要求考生根據(jù)文章的論述，推測作者的寫作意圖及運用某種寫作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陳述自己的意圖，而是通過文章所提供的事實，客觀地使讀者信服某種想法或意見。不同的文章可能有不同的寫作意圖，故事類文章的寫作意圖可能是“totellaninterestingexperience”；廣告類文章的寫作意圖可能是“tointroduce/sellaproductoraservice,toattractmorevisitors,toinformreaders,topersuadereaders”等。要想準確判斷作者的寫作意圖，考生應(yīng)該聯(lián)想自己的生活實際，問自己一個問題：“讀了這篇文章后，你的想法是什么？”。比如上面這篇文章，通過講述14歲的娜塔莉幫助遭受颶風重創(chuàng)的家鄉(xiāng)重建的事，說明了小人物也可以有大作為。故第4題選擇A項。(三)這樣積累1．blockn．(木、石等的)塊；街區(qū)2．fierceadj.兇猛的；猛烈的3．a(chǎn)ttackn．&v.攻擊4．temporarilyadv.臨時地，臨時5．donaten．&v.捐贈6．inruins成為廢墟；嚴重受損的7．a(chǎn)ttendaschool上學8．dozensof幾十；許多9．behonoredas被尊為二、話題與寫作[考題示例](2011·福建高考)為紀念汶川大地震三周年，某英文報發(fā)起關(guān)于災(zāi)區(qū)新貌的征文活動。請根據(jù)以下圖片提示，以“GreatChanges”為題，用英語寫一篇短文應(yīng)征。內(nèi)容要點如下：1．某中學災(zāi)后三年來的變化，如教學與活動場所，以及師生精神面貌等；2．發(fā)生變化的原因；3．你的感想。注意：1.短文標題與開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)；2．可根據(jù)圖片提示適當發(fā)揮；3．詞數(shù)：120左右。GreatChangesIamdeeplyimpressedbythegreatchangesthathavetakenplaceintheschooloverthepastthreeyears.[寫作規(guī)范]第一步：寫對詞匯不丟冤枉分1．被完全毀壞be_damaged_pletely2．對……感到驚訝be_amazed_at3．呈現(xiàn)新面貌take_on_a_new_look4．發(fā)生take_place_5．熱心的warm-hearted6．采取措施take_measures7．捐獻donate8．團結(jié)unite第二步：列全要點、寫對句子?；痉?．我們都知道，汶川和四川省其他的一些縣在2008年5月12日遭遇了一場大地震。Asweknow,WenchuanandothercountiesinSichuanProvincewas_hit_by_a_severe_earthquake_on_May_12,_2008.2．師生在新環(huán)境中幸福地生活，勤奮工作。Inthenewenvironment,teachersandstudentsare_living_happily_and_working_hard.3．每個人的臉上都洋溢著笑容。Therearesmiles_on_everyone's_face.4．我們的學校正呈現(xiàn)著嶄新的面貌。Ourschoolis_taking_on_a_new_look.5．我們的學校充滿生機。Ourschoolis_full_of_life!6．很明顯這一切都歸功于我們黨、我們的祖國和全世界的熱心人。It_is_obvious_that__all_is_owed_toourparty,ourmotherlandandthewholewarm-heartedpeopleallovertheworld.7．沒有他們的幫助，就不會有今天嶄新美麗的校園。Without_their_help,_therewouldbenonewandbeautifulschooltoday.第三步：句式升級、打造亮點得高分1．用it作形式主語改寫句1It_is_known_that_Wenchuan_and_other_counties_in_Sichuan_Province_were_hit_by_a_severe_earthquake_on_May_12,_2008.2.用形容詞短語fulloflife作狀語合并句4和句5Our_school_is_taking_on_a_new_look,_full_of_life!_3．用副詞obviously改寫句6Obviously,_all_is_owed_to_our_party,_our_motherland_and_the_whole_warm-hearted_people_all_over_the_world._第四步：過渡銜接、潤色成文創(chuàng)滿分GreatChangesIamdeeplyimpressedbythegreatchangesthathavetakenplaceintheschooloverthepastthreeyears.It_is_known_that___Wenchuan_and_other_counties_in_Sichuan_Province_were_hit_by_a_severe_earthquake_on_May_12,_2008._Most_schools,_including_our_school,_were_damaged_pletely._It_is_now,_however,_taking_on_a_new_look._Tall_buildings_have_been_put_up,_including_classroom_and_laboratory_buildings,_and_a_library._There_is_also_a_newly-built_standard_playground._In_the_new_environment,_teachers_and_students_are_living_happily_and_working_hard.__There_are_smiles_on_everyone's_face._Our_school_is_taking_on_a_new_look,_full_of_life!_How_does_it_take_place_in_such_a_short_time?Obviously,_all_is_owed_to_our_party,_our_motherland_and_the_whole_warm-hearted_people_all_over_the_world._Without_their_help,_there_would_be_no_new_and_beautiful_school_today._It_is_love_and_concern_that_have_brought_about_the_great_changes._Many_hands_make_light_work._We_can_work_wonders_if_we_unite_as_a_family,_caring_for_each_other_and_helping_those_in_need._Union_is_strength.eq\a\vs4\al([單元檢測·高考提能])Ⅰ.閱讀理解AAsandstormreferstoahighamountofwindoccurringinsandyareas,usuallyindeserts,wherethewindspeedisabletoliftthetoplayerofsandfromtheground,andpushitineverydirection.Thesandinvolvedinthesandstormcanreachheightsofabout3.05m－15.24m.Ifyou'redrivingwhensuchastormapproaches,it'sadvisedthatyoupullofftheroad,sinceit'sdifficulttocontinuedriving.Thisisalsoimportantsincevehiclescanfailinduringsandstormsandyoucouldendupstuckontheroad.Mostsandstormsoccurinspring,andduringthedaytime.Manyo