ContentsPartIIntroductiontotheReproductiveSystem

PartIIDiseasesRelatedtotheReproductiveSystemPartIIICelebrityandDiseasePartIVMedicalTerminologyRelatedtotheReproductiveSystem1PartVFurtherThinkingPartIVideo:IntroductiontotheReproductiveSystem2ThinkandTalkOvulationiswhenamatureeggisreleasedfromtheovary,pusheddownthefallopiantube,andisavailabletobefertilized.Approximatelyeverymonthaneggwillmaturewithinoneoftheovaries.Asitreachesmaturity,theeggisreleasedbytheovarywhereitentersthefallopiantubetomakeitswaytowardswaitingspermandtheuterus.Awomanmightbepregnantifshehasintercoursesixdaysbeforeoronthedayofovulation.Thechancesaresignificantlyincreasedinthethreedaysleadinguptoandincludingovulation.Reference3TaskOne:TrueorFalseF T F F T WatchandDo4TaskTwo:BlankFillingWatchandDo5folliclesdominant nourishes estrogen growthspurt (6)detaches (7)burstsopen (8)contractions (9)fertilized (10)dissolvesaway TaskThree:QuestionsandAnswers1.Ovulationispartofthemenstrualcyclewhentheovaryreleasesaripeegg,orovum.2.Thetypical28-daymenstrualcyclebeginsonthefirstdayofmenstrualbleeding.3.Itreleasesahugesurgeofluteinizinghormoneintothebloodstream.4.Chemicalsreleasedbythebulgingfollicle.WatchandDo6PartIIDiseasesRelatedtotheReproductiveSystem7PartIIDiseasesRelatedtotheUrinarySystemVideoOneHowProstateCancerWorksVideoTwoTreatmentsforCervicalCancer8VideoOneHowProstateCancerWorks9ThinkandTalkTheprostateislocatedimmediatelybelowthebladderandjustinfrontofthebowel.Itsmainfunctionistoproducefluidwhichprotectsandenrichessperm.Itproducesfluidforsemen.ProstatecancerranksasthesecondlargestcauseofcancerdeathinAmericaandU.K.Itismorelikelytooccurtoolderpeople.Causesforprostatecancermaybefamilyhistory,geneticchanges,andlifestyle.Prostatecancermightbediagnosedbyfeelingtheprostate,bloodtests,ultrasound,x-raysorbiopsies.Treatmentsvaryaccordingtothestageofthecancer.Optionsincludesurgery,radiationtherapy,hormonetherapyandchemotherapy.Reference10PartII-VideoOneWatchandDoTaskOne:TrueorFalseF(2)F

(3)T(4)F

(5)T11PartII-VideoOneTaskTwo:QuestionsandAnswers(1)Theprostateispartofthemalereproductivesystemandresponsibleformakingseminalfluid,whichturnsouttobepartlyresponsiblefor,youguessedit,creatingyou,andeveryoneelse.(2)Cellsreceiveanti-growthaswellasgrowthsignals;cellsactuallyhavealimitedreplicatingcapacity;cellsaregenerallylocalizedtoanareainthebody.WatchandDoWatchandDo12PartII-VideoOneTaskTwo:QuestionsandAnswers(3)Becauseyourcellshavemanymorechancestopickupmultiplemutationsthroughmanygenerationsofcells.(4)Geneticfactors,orfactorsthataredietandlifestylebased.(5)Foodslikesoy,tomatoesandfishaswellasafewchemicalsandmedications.WatchandDoWatchandDo13PartII-VideoOneTaskThree:GiveDefinitionsMitosis:Mitosisistheprocessofnormalbehavingcellsgoingthroughthecellcycle,inwhichtheygrowanddivideintoduplicatecells.Angiogenesis:Angiogenesisisbloodvesselcreation.Apoptosis:Apoptosisisthecontrolleddestructionorbreakingdownofcellsbythebody.Cancer:Canceristhefastgrowing,uncontrollablyduplicating,immortalizedmassesofcells.WatchandDoWatchandDo14PartII-VideoOneVideoTwoTreatmentsforCervicalCancer15ThinkandTalk

Cervicalcancerisakindofcancerthatformsintissuesofthecervix.Inunderdevelopedcountries,cervicalcanceristhesecondleadingcauseofcancerdeathinwomen.Thesymptomsmayappearattheearlystagesofcervicalcancer.Thepatientmayexperiencevaginalbleeding,pelvicpainandheavyvaginaldischargeasthediseasedevelops.Cervicalcancermaybetreatedwithsurgery,chemotherapyandradiationtherapy.Reference16PartII-VideoTwoTaskOne:MultipleChoices(1)C(2)B(3)C(4)D(5)CWatchandDo17PartII-VideoTwoTaskTwo:BlankFilling(1)aconeshapepiece(2)thevagina(3)anartificialinterioropening(4)theuterusandcervix(5)thetissuearoundthecervixWatchandDo18PartII-VideoTwoPartIIICelebrityandDiseaseAudioOneFatherofGeneticsVideoTwoLanceArmstrongFightingTesticularCancerVideoTwo19AudioOneFatherofGenetics20ThinkandTalk

Mendelworkedwithsevencharacteristicsofpeaplants:plantheight,podshapeandcolor,seedshapeandcolor,andflowerpositionandcolor.Takingseedcolorasanexample,Mendelshowedthatwhenatrue-breedingyellowpeaandatrue-breedinggreenpeawerecross-bredtheiroffspringalwaysproducedyellowseeds.However,inthenextgeneration,thegreenpeasreappearedataratioof1greento3yellow.Toexplainthisphenomenon,Mendelcoinedtheterms“recessive”and“dominant”inreferencetocertaintraits.Intheprecedingexample,thegreentrait,whichseemstohavevanishedinthefirstfilialgeneration,isrecessiveandtheyellowisdominant.Reference21PartIII-VideoOneThinkandTalkHepublishedhisworkin1866,demonstratingtheactionsofinvisible“factors”—nowcalled

genes—inpredictablydeterminingthetraitsofanorganism.TheprofoundsignificanceofMendel’sworkwasnotrecognizeduntiltheturnofthe20thcentury(morethanthreedecadeslater)withtherediscoveryofhislaws.ErichvonTschermak,

HugodeVries,

CarlCorrens

and

WilliamJasperSpillmanindependentlyverifiedseveralofMendel’sexperimentalfindings,usheringinthemodernageofgenetics.Reference22PartIII-VideoOneTaskOne:CompounddictationListenandDo23PartII-Audio(1)pioneering(2)geneticngineering(3)contemporaries(4)partiallyrestored(5)seized(6)thestonecomplex(7)hybridization (8)heredity(9)inherittheirparents’traits(10)ethicaldebatesTaskTwo:TopicDiscussionGeneticallymodifiedfoods(GMfoods)refertocropplantswhicharemodifiedinthelaboratorytoenhancecertaintraitssuchasincreasedresistancetoherbicidesorimprovednutritionalcontent.TherehasbeenintensedebateconcerningtheregulationofGMfoods.Theseplantshaveadvantageslikepestresistance,herbicidetoleranceanddiseaseresistance,butcanalsocauseenvironmentalhazardssuchasgenetransfertootherspecies,reducedeffectivenessofpesticidesandharmtootherorganisms.ThegovernmentshouldtakeactivemeasurestoregulatetheconsumptionofGMfoods,andalsoincreasepublicawarenessofthebenefitsandchallengesbroughtbythem.ListenandDo24PartII-AudioVideoTwoLanceArmstrongFightingTesticularCancer25ThinkandTalkLanceArmstrongwasaformerprofessionalAmericancyclist.HehadwontheTourdeFranceracefor7consecutivetimes.Buthewasaccusedofdopingoffensesin2012,strippedofallthetitlesandbannedfromcompetitivecyclingforlife.Hewasalsoasurvivorofprostatecancer,andfoundedtheLivestrongFoundation,providingsupportforpeopleaffectedbycancerandtheirfamilymembers.ThefoundationraisedmoneybythesaleoftheyellowLivestrongbracelets.Reference26PartIII-VideoTwoTaskOne:QuestionsandAnswers1.Hewashavingtroublebreathing.2.Becausehewasintheworstpossiblestate.Thecancerhadalreadyspreadtohislungs.3.OnewaythatLancemotivatedhisfriendsandhimselfwasbycontinuingtorideduringchemotherapy.4.Lancegotthenewshehadbeenwaitingfor.Thetreatmentshadworked.Hiscancerwasinremission.WatchandDo27PartIII-VideoTwoTaskTwo:TaskTwo:ErrorCorrection1.IntheTourdeFrancecompetitionin1996,Lancedroppedoutafter

fivedaysbecauseofbreathingproblems.2.ThechestX-rayshowedthatthetumorhadalreadyspreadtoLance’slungs,andthenextmorningheunderwentsurgerytoremovethecanceroustesticle.3.LanceunderwentasuccessfulbrainsurgeryonThursday,October24th,1996,butfacedthreemoreroundsofchemotherapy.WatchandDo28PartIII-VideoTwoTaskTwo:TaskTwo:ErrorCorrection4.Lancewassufferingfromserioussideeffectsandcollapsedduringatrainingride.5.OnNovember,1996,Lancegotthenewshehadbeenwaitingfor,thathis

cancerwasinremission.WatchandDo29PartIII-VideoTwoPartIVMedicalTerminology30PartIVMedicalTerminologyRoot1uter/o,hyster/o,vagin/o,metr/o,colp/oRoot2ovary/o,cervic/o,trachel/o31Root1uter/o,hyster/o,vagin/o,metr/o,colp/o32ThinkandTalkmonthlybleedingmenstruationperiodmenstrualcyclemonthlyseriesofchangesawoman’sbodyReference33PartIV-Root1TaskOne:Matching(1)F(2)E(3)D(4)C(5)B(6)APracticeandProduce34PartIV-Root1TaskTwo:Explanationuter/o:oforpertainingtothe

uterus

orwombhyster/o:oforpertainingtothewomborthe

uterusvagin/o:oforpertainingtothe

vaginacolp/o:oforpertainingtothevaginametr/o:pertainingtoconditionsorinstrumentsofthe

uterusPracticeandProduce35PartIV-Root1TaskThree:Reviewuter/o:uterushyster/o:hysterectomy,

hysteriavagin/o:vaginalepithelium,colp/o:colposcopymetr/o:metrorrhagiaPracticeandProduce36PartIV-Root1Root2ovary/o,cervic/o,trachel/o37ThinkandTalkCircumcisionistheremovaloftheforeskinfromthehumanpenis.Inthemostcommonprocedure,theforeskinisopened,adhesionsareremoved,andtheforeskinisseparatedfromtheglans.Afterthat,acircumcisiondevicemaybeplaced,andthentheforeskiniscutoff.Reference38PartIV-Root2TaskOne:Matching(1)F(2)E(3)D(4)C(5)B(6)APracticeandProduce39PartIV-