2025年春季學期高二年級校聯(lián)體第二次聯(lián)考英語（本試卷滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘）注意事項：1.答題前，務必將自己的姓名、學校、班級、準考證號填寫在答題卡規(guī)定的位置上。2.答選擇題時，必須使用2B鉛筆將答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑，如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標號。3.答非選擇題時，必須使用0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆，將答案書寫在答題卡規(guī)定的位置上。4.所有題目必須在答題卡上作答，在試題卷上答題無效。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話，每段對話后有一個小題。從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.15.C.￡9.18.答案是B。1.WhatdothespeakersthinkofPeter?A.He’sunqualified.B.He’swell-behaved.C.He’sresponsible.2.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atashoeshop.B.Ataclothesshop.C.Atabookshop.3.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Makesomefriends.B.Workharderforstudy.C.Haveapositiveattitude.4.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.OrganizeatriptoFrancethisyear.B.Sendaletterofadvicetotheschool.C.Prepareateachingcourseintraveling.5.Howmuchdoestheblueberrycakecost?A.$3.50.B.$3.00.C.$6.50.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Travelingonaboat.B.Lookingatsomepictures.C.VisitingsomeattractionsinAustralia.7.WhatdidthewomanseeinSydney’sTarongazoo?A.Pandas.B.Monkeys.C.Koalas.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whydoesthemanwanttoparkthecarinanotherplace?A.Theparkingspotistoosmall.B.Therearelargerspacesavailable.C.Heparksinaspotforthedisabled.9WherewillthemanandRogergofirst?AThedrugstore.B.Thehairsalon.C.Theshoestore.10.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson.B.Husbandandwife.C.Fatheranddaughter.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatmightthewomanbedoing?A.Givingalecture.B.Deliveringaspeech.C.Hostingaprogramme.12.Howmanyalbumshasthemanreleasedsofar?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.13.Whatdoweknowabouttheman’slastalbum?A.ItwascalledByMyself.B.Itsoldover8millioncopies.C.Itwasthemostpopularintheworld.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatistheweatherlikeatthemoment?A.Foggy.B.Rainy.C.Sunny.15.Whereisthemangoing?A.Themountains.B.Theforest.C.Thesea.16.Howlongwillthetriptake?A.9hours.B.6hours.C.3hours.17.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Bookahotelforher.B.Bringheraphoto.C.Contacther.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whoisthespeakertalkingto?A.Peoplewholikereadingherbooks.B.Peoplewhoaretryingtosellbooks.C.Peoplewhowanttobecomewriters.19.Whatdoesthespeakerregardwritingabookas?A.Accomplishingajob.B.Writingauniversityessay.C.Readingamagazinearticle.20.Wheredoesthespeaker’sinspirationcomeform?A.Byreadingpapers.B.Byspeakingtopeople.C.Byreadingallkindsofthings.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AArtNightPasadenaThenextArtNightPasadenaisscheduledforMarch14,2025.ArtNightisPasadena’ssignatureculturalevent.Itisadynamicartsandculturalopenhouse,whichshowcasesvisualarts,literaryarts,dance,music,andtheater.PlaysusuallytakeplaceoneachFridayofMarchandOctoberfrom6:00p.m.to10:00p.m.atsitesallaroundPasadena.Participatingorganizationsvaryfromeventtoevent.Time:March14,6:00p.m.—10:00p.m.Fee:freeTheAnnualMuseumsFree-For-AllThisyear’sMuseumsFree-for-All,whichcelebratesfreeartsandcultureinSouthernCalifornia,willtakeplaceonSunday,March16,2025.Nowaregion-widetradition,thisyear’seventincludesoverthirtymuseumsandculturalinstitutions,presentingart,culturalheritage,film,andnaturalhistory,offeringsomethingforeveryone.Time:March16,8:00a.m.—18:00p.m.Fee:freeIrishMusicFestivalOldWorldBiergartenwelcomesbackHOLLYWOODU2atourannual2025IrishMusicFestival.Comeoutandbringyourfriendsandfamilyforahigh-energyliveon-stageperformance,authenticGermanfood,beer,funanddancing.Time:March14,9:00p.m.—11:30p.m.Fee:$20perticket,$35fortwo.TheLosAngelesMarathonSpringhasarrived!Let’sgooutforaruntogether!The40thLosAngelesMarathoniscomingback.StartingfromtheDodgerStadiumandendingattheAvenueoftheStarsinCenturyCity,thisjourneyisnotonlyachallengetooneselfbutalsoabrand-newwaytoexplorethecitywelivein.Thesceneryalongthewayisfarmoreimportantthanthefinishline.Time:March16,7:00a.m.—11:30a.m.Fee:$20.00-$200.001.Ifyouwanttoenjoyavarietyofartsatnight,youshouldgoto________.A.ArtNightPasadena B.TheLosAngelesMarathonC.IrishMusicFestival D.TheAnnualMuseumsFree-For-All2.HowmuchdoesitcostiftwocoupleswanttoattendtheIrishMusicFestival?A.$20. B.$35. C.$70. D.$80.3.Whicheventlaststhelongest?A.ArtNightPasadena. B.TheLosAngelesMarathon.C.IrishMusicFestival. D.TheAnnualMuseumsFree-For-All.B“Thefuturebelongstothosewhobelieveinthebeautyoftheirdreams.”EleanorRooseveltoncesaid.Ifwewanttoaccomplishanythinginlife,letusrememberthatweshouldnevergiveup.Viennese-borncomposerFrederickLoewe,whomwerememberforhismusicalscoresthatincludeMyFairLady,GigiandCamelot,wasnotalwaysfamous.HelearnedtoplaythepianowithEuropeangreatmastersandachievedhugesuccessasamusicianandcomposerinhisearlyyears.ButwhenheimmigratedtotheUnitedStates,hefailedasapianist.Forawhilehetriedothertypesofwork.Butheneverforsookhisdream.Instead,thistoughmancontinuedtoplaythepianoandwritemusic.Duringthoseyears,hecouldnotalwaysmakeendsmeetbyplayingthepiano.Oneday,bentoverthekeyboard,heheardnothingbutthemusicthatheplayedwithinspiration.Whenhefinishedandlookedup,hewassurprisedtofindthathehadanaudience—threemenwhowereseatedonthefloor.Theysaidnothingandmadenomovementtowardthepiano.Insteadtheydugintotheirpockets,tookoutallthemoneytheyhad,placeditonthepianoandwalkedout,empty-handed.Deeplytouchedbythebeautyofhismusic,thesemenrecognizedexcellenceandrespondedtoit.Whateveryoudo,tryyourbest.Ifwhatyoudoisworthdoingandifyoubelievethatwhoyouareisofvalue,thenyoucannotaffordtobecontentwithmediocrity(平庸).Whenyouchoosethepathofexcellencethroughthislife,youwillbringoutthebestinyourselfandreceivethebestitcanofferinreturn.4.WhatisthefunctionofRoosevelt’swordsinparagraph1?A.Tointroducethetopic. B.Toshowthebenefitsofdreams.C.TopraiseRoosevelt’swisdom. D.Toattractreaders’attentiontoRoosevelt.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“forsook”meaninparagraph3?A.Strengthened. B.Pursued. C.Exceeded. D.Abandoned.6.WhydidthethreemenpayFrederick?A.Theyweresupposedtodothat.B.Theywantedtoshowtheirsympathy.C.Theyweremovedbyhisperformance.D.Theywantedtomakefriendswithhim.7.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AllroadsleadtoRome. B.Romewasnotbuiltinaday.C.It’snevertoolatetoimprove. D.Successbelongstothepersevering.CTherearemanytherapies(療法)fordepression,includingmedicaltreatment,psychotherapyandtalktherapy.Havingarangeoftreatmentchoicesisgoodbecausenosingletreatmentworksequallywellforeachofmillionsofsufferers.Choosingthemostsuitabletreatmentisimportanttothem.Nowresearcherssayanewtherapyproventorelievedepressionshouldbeaddedtotheestablishedtreatments.It’scallednaturetherapy.“Interactingwithnaturecanhavepositiveeffectsonthosewithdepression,”saysEthanKross,PhD,anexpertwhohasstudiedthelinkbetweennatureanddepression.Alittleexposuretonaturehelpsallofusgetourenergyback,anditmayhavespecialbenefitforthosewhoaredepressed.“Itseemsthat,fromourwork,therestorativeeffectofnatureseemstobestrongerforindividualswithdepression,”saysMarcBerman,PhD,anassistantprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofChicago.Thatmightbebecausetheyfeelmentallyexhaustedandbeinginnaturere-energizesthem.However,DrBermanhasastrongwarning.“We’renotarguingthatinteractingwithnatureshouldreplaceclinicallyproventreatmentsfordepression,”hesays,“Norshouldthosewithclinicaldepressiontrytotreatthemselves.”However,Bermanandotherssay,interactionswithnaturecouldserveasaveryeffectivesupplementarytreatment.Comparedtoadultswithdepressionwalkingfor50minutesinanurbansetting,thosewhotooka50minutewalkinanaturalsettingwerelessdepressedandhadbettermemoryskills.Whydoesnatureholdthisspecialeffect?Bermansays,“Inanaturalenvironment,wecanchoosetothinkornot,andthischoiceisbelievedtohelpusrestourbrains.Youcanthenpayattentionlater,whenyouneedto.”Headds,“Itgivespeoplemoreabilitytoconcentrate,whichisabigproblemforthosewithdepression.”Natureprovidesaneffectivesettingforrestingourbrains,unlikeurbansetting.Eveninthemostpeacefulurbanenvironment,youhavetopayattentiontosuchthingsastrafficandsignallights.8.Whatcanwelearnaboutdepressiontherapiesfromparagraph1?A.Theyfocusonphysicalactivity.B.Theypaynoattentiontointeractions.C.Theyneedtobetailoredtodifferentpatients.D.Theymainlydependonnaturalenvironment.9.WhatcanbeinferredfromDrBerman’swordsinparagraph2?A.Depressionpatientscancurethemselveswithnature.B.Naturetherapyhaslimitationsintreatingdepression.C.Traditionaltreatmentscanbereplacedbynaturetherapy.D.Themosteffectivetreatmentfordepressionisnaturetherapy.10.Howdoestheauthorprovenaturetherapy’seffectiveness?A.Byintroducinganewconcept. B.Bymakingacomparison.C.Bypresentingapersonalstory. D.Byanalyzingthecauseofdepression.11.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thereasonsforthespecialeffectofnaturetherapy.B.Thedifferencesbetweenurbanandnaturalsettings.CTheproblemscausedbyurbanenvironmenttopatients.D.Theimportanceofconcentrationfordepressionpatients.DAftera293-million-milejourney,theNASAPerseverancerover(探測器)toMarslandedinsidetheJezeroCratersuccessfullyonFebruary18th,2021.Thecar-sized,six-wheeledrover,nicknamedPercy,istheUSspaceagency’sbiggestandmostadvancedexplorertodate.Itsprimarymissionistosearchforsignsofancientmicrobial(微生物的)lifeonMars.LandingonMarsisextraordinarilytricky.TheRedPlanet’sgravitational(引力的)pullcausesapproachingspacecraftstoveryhighspeeds,whileitsthinatmosphere—justonepercentthatofEarth’s—doeslittletohelpslowitdownasitapproachesthesurface.ThescientistshadtoreducePercy’s12,000mphspeedtoasafelandingspeedoflessthanfivemph—injustsixandahalfminutes.Thetargetentryanglealsohadtobeaprecise12degrees—anysteeper,andthespacecraftwouldburnup;anyflatter,anditwouldgetlostinspace.Itisnowonderthatthefinalapproachisoftenreferredtoasthe“sevenminutesofterror”.UponattainingamanageablespeedPercybrieflyflewovertheMartiansurfacetoseekouttheperfectlandingspot.Itscomplexmap-readingsystemrapidlyscannedtheareaandmatcheditwithmapsinitsdatabasetofindthebestlocation.TheNASAscientistswillspendthenexttwomonthstestingPercy’sscientificinstruments.Onceready,theroverwillbegintocarryoutitsmission.“Perseveranceisthesmartestrobotevermade,butconfirmingthatmicrobiallifeonceexistedcarriesanunusuallylargeburdenofproof,”saidLoriGlaze,directorofNASA’sPlanetaryScienceDivision.“Whilewe’lllearnalotwiththegreatinstrumentswehaveaboardtherover,itmayverywellrequirethefarmorewell-equippedlaboratoriesanddelicateinstrumentsbackhereonEarthtotelluswhetheroursamplescarryevidencethatMarsonceharboredlife.”12.WhatisextremelychallengingfortherovertolandsuccessfullyonMars?A.Carryingoutalong-distancejourneytoMars.B.Keepingasafedistancefromotherspacecrafts.C.AdaptingtothethinatmosphereontheRedPlanet.D.Loweringthespeedandfindingapreciselandingangle.13.Whatdoestheunderlined“it”inparagraph4referto?A.Theareascannedbytherover. B.Theperfectlandingspot.CTheattainedmanageablespeed. D.Thecomplexmap-readingsystem.14.WhatcanwelearnaboutPercy?A.It’llstayonMarsfortwomonths.B.It’llstartitsmissionafterinstrumenttests.C.It’stotellifMarsoncehadlifeonitsown.D.It’sthemostadvancedexplorersenttoMars.15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.ThedifficultiesoflandingonMars.B.ThepossibilityoffindinglifeonMars.C.ThemissionandlandingofPerseverance.D.TheadvancedinstrumentsonPerseverance.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。HowArtsPromoteOurEconomyWhenmostpeoplethinkofthearts,theyimaginetheendproduct,thebeautifulpainting,awonderfulpieceofmusic,oranaward-winningperformanceinthetheater.____16____Unfortunately,theeconomicimpactoftheartsisoftenoverlookedandbadlyjudged.____17____Anygivenperformancetakesatourbusfullofartists,technicalexperts,musicians,orwriterstocreateanappealingpieceofart.Thesepeoplecanearnalivingwagefortheirprofessionalknowledgeandskills.____18____Digitalmediaexperts,photographersandadvertisingagentsarehiredtosellticketsandpromotetheevent.AccordingtotheDallasAreaCulturalAdvocacyCoalition,artsagenciesemploymorethan10,000peopleasfull-orpart-timeemployeesorindependentcontractors.Asuccessfulartsneighborhoodcreatesaseriesofeffectsthroughoutacommunity.In2005,whentheBishopArtsTheatrewasdonatedtoourtown,thelocationwasconsideredapoorareaoftown.Afterinvestingmorethan$1millioninreconstructingthebuilding,webeganproducingafullseasonoftheaterperformances,jazzconcerts,andyear-roundartseducationprogramsin2008.____19____Artscontributetoculturaldevelopmentandeconomicgrowth.Artistsandaudienceareallfromdiversebackgrounds.Whentheygathertogether,theywillsharetheirexperiencesandrenewtheirenergy.Asaresult,culturesfindthewaytoexchange,andeconomycanbeadvanced.Itiswrongtoassumeartsgroupscannotmakeaprofit.Ifyouareastudentstudyingthearts,chancesarethatyouhavebeenill-advisedtohaveaplanB.____20____A.Anothergroupisneededtohelpmarkettheevent.B.Theartscreatejobsthathelpdeveloptheeconomy.C.Theartsboostthecareerdevelopmentthroughoutacommunity.D.Soaboveanalysisinmind,youneedn’thaveanalternativeplan.E.Infact,artsgroupsbringusbroadervalue,especiallyineconomy.F.Culturebindstogethernotonlyheartsandsouls,buttheentiresociety.G.Andsomejazzloversnearbywillpayforticketsandtransportfares.第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Irememberaninspiringconversationwithmylightheartedcousinaboutdetectivestorieswheninfourthgrade.Encouraged,Ibegan____21____writingone.____22____long,Ihadfinishedmyfirstshortstory.Writinggraduallybecameabelovedhobby,butasIgrewolder,the____23____begantofade.Istartedreadingmorebooks,encounteringcritiquesonline,andcomparingmyworktoothers.Self-doubt____24____,andwhatoncefeltlikeacreativeoutletbecameasourceof____25____.IfeltIhadtobe“good”atwritingtoshareit.Such____26____happensoften.Hobbiesstartasawaytorelaxourselves.Yet,overtime,societalpressurestobecome____27____canchangehowweviewthem.Whetherit’spainting,playinganinstrument,oranyotherpursuits,wewouldbe____28____toperformatahighlevel.Whenwedon’tmeetthatstandard,thejoyfades,replacedbyasenseofincompetence.Foryears,I’vekeptwritingasahobby.I’vetakencreativewritingclassesandgreatly____29____,buttheconstantdesireforperfectionturnswritingintoa_____30_____.I’verealizedthatthismindset_____31_____meofthejoyIoncefoundinit.Weneedtorecognizethatit’sokaytonotbegreatatsomething,whichshouldn’t_____32_____usfromenjoyingit.Perfectionisoften_____33_____andwe’reourowngreatestcritics.Thechallenge,then,isfinding_____34_____betweenenjoymentandoverwork._____35_____imperfection,andenjoytheprocess,evenifyou’renot“great”atit.21.A.throwingmyselfinto B.helpingmyselfto C.suspendingmyselffrom D.trappingmyselfin22.A.Since B.After C.For D.Before23.A.affection B.ambition C.fluency D.notion24.A.tookaction B.camealong C.setout D.escapedaway25.A.participation B.dilemma C.recognition D.anxiety26.A.alternative B.shift C.frustration D.adjustment27.A.religious B.exceptional C.automatic D.invisible28.A.thoughtful B.qualified C.desperate D.instinctive29.A.arose B.shrank C.improved D.retreated30.A.drive B.discipline C.downfall D.burden31.A.robs B.reminds C.informs D.accuses32.A.dismiss B.keep C.save D.free33.A.awesome B.common C.subjective D.objective34.A.similarity B.balance C.cooperation D.difference35.A.Strengthen B.Overcome C.Embrace D.Abandon第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式?！癎uonian”,meaning“crossingtheyear”,ismorethanjustafestivalmarkingthearrivalofthenewyearfortheChinesepeople.ThoughChineseNewYear,orSpringFestival,____36____(celebrate)inmanyplacesworldwidenow,thetruemeaningof“Guonian”canonlybe____37____(full)understoodbyexperiencingitinChina.“Thecelebrationisbig,____38____(stretch)foramonthwithfood,fireworksandculturalevents,”saidKayleenFangbifromBelgium.“Iloveit.”Spottingthesnake-themeddecorations,aSpanishcouple,____39____traveledinBeijingjustdaysbeforeSpringFestivaldecidedtolookupthemeaningsoftheChinesezodiac(生肖)and____40____(discover)thatthisyearistheYearoftheSnake.“OneofusisaHorse,and____41____otherisaSheep,”theynoted.“SpringFestivalcanbeseenasawindowtounderstandChina,especially____42____(it)traditionalculture,”saidJiangYiyi,anexpertattheBeijingSportUniversity.Numeroustraditionalculturalactivities____43____(hold)acrossChinaprovideforeignvisitors____44____animmersiveexperience,allowingthemtogainadeeperunderstandingofChinesetraditionalculture,accordingtoJiang.Throughthesediverseactivities,foreignvisitorscantrulyexperience_____45_____BritishonlineinfluencerShaunGibsondescribedinhisvideowhereaSpringFestivalinChinais“warm,lively,delicious,andhappy”.第四部分書面表達（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）46.假定你是李華，暑假即將來臨，為保證園區(qū)服務質(zhì)量，上海迪士尼樂園(ShanghaiDisneyResort)正在為園區(qū)紀念品店招聘暑期雙語售貨員，請你用英語寫一封信申請該職位。內(nèi)容包括：1.寫信目的；2.個人優(yōu)勢；3.能做的事情。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應為80左右；2.可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。DearSirorMadam,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua第二節(jié)（滿分25分）47.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。MyheartracedasIstaredatthebrokenstringonmyguitar.Theoldinstrumentlayonmybed,itswoodenbodyshininginthesoftafternoonlight.ButIcouldn’tfocusonitsbeauty.AllIcouldthinkaboutwashowGrandpawouldreactwhenhefoundout.Theguitarwasn’tjustanyinstrument;itwasapreciousgiftfromGrandpa,passeddowntomeonmysixteenthbirthday.Hehadplayeditfordecades,fillingourhomewithwarmmelodies(旋律).Whenhehandedittome,hesaid,“Thisguitarhasbeenwithmethroughupsanddowns.Nowit’syourturntomakememorieswithit.”Iwassoexcited.Iwasamemberinabandatschool,andtheguitarquicklybecamemymosttreasuredpossession.However,duringourlastpractice,thingshadgoneterriblywrong.Ihadplayedtoohardduringafast-pacedsong,andtheoldstringscouldn’ttakeit.Onestringbroke,causingthebridgetoliftslightlyfromthebody.Myfriendshadtriedtocomfortme,sayingitwasjustanaccidentandthattheguitarcouldberepaired.ButIcouldn’tshakethefeelingthatIwouldletGrandpadown.Forthenextfewdays,Ifeltanxious.Ididn’twanttofaceGrandpa,knowinghowmuchtheguitarmeanttohim.ButIcouldn’tavoiditforever.Grandpawascomingtovisitthatweekend,andIwondered:shouldIconfess(坦白)ortrytohidethedamage?Thedayofthevisitcame,andIfeltliketherewasaheavyrockonmychest.Grandpaarrived,fullofsmilesandstoriesasusual.Wespenttheafternoontalkingabouteverythingexcepttheguitar.Myanxietygrewwitheachpassingminute.Finally,Grandpaadvised,“Kid,whydon’tyouplaysomethingforme?I’vemissedhearingyouplay.”注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。Ipanicked,realizingthatItrulyhadtomakeadecision.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Tomysurprise,Grandpadidn’tblameme.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________