專題三推理判斷類題目

［命題特點(diǎn)］

根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，語篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)

度，理解文章的寓意。

⑴常用設(shè)題關(guān)鍵動(dòng)詞：infer,imply,suggest,indicate?referto,

predict,concludeylearn9intend,mean,describe,purpose等。

(2)設(shè)題常用推理判斷的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：can,could>might,would9

probably,mostlikely等。

［考查重點(diǎn)］

表層意思的理解與推理；深層含義的領(lǐng)悟與推理；同時(shí)涉及數(shù)據(jù)

推斷，知識(shí)推斷，邏輯結(jié)論推斷，表明作者態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)的推斷等。

［方法技巧1

抓住特定信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推斷：整合全文(段)信息進(jìn)行推

斷；根據(jù)上下文邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推理得出結(jié)論。

L忠實(shí)于原文。

2.吃透文章的字面含義。

3.對(duì)文章表面意義進(jìn)行分析、綜合判斷。

4.把握句際、段際關(guān)系。

5.確定推斷的范圍和位置，細(xì)節(jié)還是整體推斷。

Passage1

I'vespentoverayearinIndia,andinthose365plusdays,Pve

learnedalotaboutgettingaroundIndiancities.Mybiggestlessons

havebeenlearnedthroughbeingcheated,particularlybytaxiand

rickshaw（人力車）drivers,butthatdoesnlmeanthosearebadways

totravel,aslongasyouknowwhatyou'redoing.Belowarethebest

waystogetaroundthecityofDelhi,India,andtipsforhowtokeep

frombeingthevictimofscams（欺詐）.

TakingtaxisisagreatwaytogetaroundthecityofDelhiand

chancesare,ifyouarriveinDelhibyplane,assoonasyoumakeit

throughcustoms,you'llbeswarmedbyIndiantaxidrivers.Atthe

Delhiairport,besuretoarrangeforataxitoyourhotelatoneofthe

twoDelhiTrafficPoliceTaxiBooths.Oneisinsidetheairport,and

theotherisoutside.Thekeyistomakesuretogotoaboothrunby

thepolice,ratherthanbyindependenttaxidrivers.

RickshawsareoneofmyfavouritewaystogetaroundIndian

cities,inpartbecauseit'showthelocalsoftentravel.Auto一

rickshawsaremorecommon,butbicyclerickshawsarestillusedin

OldDelhi.Ifyoudohaveachancetotakeabicyclerickshaw,you

shoulddoitatleastonceforauniqueexperiencethatshouldonlyset

youbackabout15rupees.Auto-rickshawratesaroundDelhirange

between30and80rupees,dependingonthedistance.

IfyoureallywanttotravelaroundDelhilikethelocals,takea

publicbus.Indianbusesbecomeverycrowdedandmostdonothave

airconditioning.Theyare,however,verycheap.Abustripwon'tset

youbackanymorethan15rupees,aslongasyoustaywithinthecity

limits.SinceIndianbusesgetsocrowded,trytoboardthebusatthe

startoftheroutesoyoucangetaseat.

ThetrainisagreatwaytogetaroundwithinthecityofDelhi.

Faresarereasonable,between6and22rupees.Alldeparture

announcementsareinbothHindiandEnglish,andtokenscanbe

purchasedforbetween6and22rupees.

【語篇解讀】本文作者就自己在印度德里旅行時(shí)的交通方面

提出了幾點(diǎn)建議。

1.TheauthoristryingtoinDelhithroughthistext.

A.givesomeadviceoftravelling

B.expectustotravelaround

C.showhis/herexperiences

D.explainthedifficultiesoftravelling

解析：通讀全文，我們可以看出，作者在本文中給讀者提出了一

些建議，告訴讀者在德里旅行時(shí)應(yīng)注意的一些問題。因此，本文的寫

作目的也就是要給讀者提出建議。

答案：A

2.Toavoidbeingcheated,yououghttoifyouwantto

takeataxiattheDelhiairport.

A?paymoretothedriverstokeepsafe

B.showyourtickettothedriver

C.gotoapolice-runbooth

D.gooutoftheairport

解析：根據(jù)第二段的最后一句可知，在機(jī)場(chǎng)搭乘出租車時(shí)，應(yīng)到

警察經(jīng)營(yíng)的攤位。

答案：C

3.Theauthorsuggeststakingarickshawinorderto?

A.savesomemoney

B.enjoythecomfortabletrip

C.gainauniqueexperience

D.helpthelocalrickshawdrivers

解析：根據(jù)第三段的第三句可知，作者建議乘坐人力車以獲得一

種獨(dú)特的體驗(yàn)。

答案：C

4.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Youwon'thavetopaymuchifyoutravelaroundbybusin

India.

B.Itwillbedifficultforyoutogetaseatifyougetonthebus

halfway.

C.Arickshawdriveronlychargeswhateveramountyougive

him.

D.You'llhavetospeakEnglishifyoutravelaroundinIndia.

解析：根據(jù)第四段的最后一句可知，為了上車后能有一個(gè)座位，

作者建議最好從起點(diǎn)站上車。這就意味著如果中途上車的話，就很難

有座位了。

答案：B

5.Whichmaybethetopicthatfollows?

A.HotelrecommendationsinDelhi

R.WeatherconditionsinDelhi

C.FoodanddrinkinDelhi

D.CarrentalsinDelhi

解析：由本文第一段的最后一句可知，本文主要介紹了關(guān)于在德

里交通方面避免受騙的幾點(diǎn)建議。在給出的幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)當(dāng)中，只有D

項(xiàng)與交通有關(guān)。據(jù)此，我們可以確定后面最有可能要討論的是汽車租

賃業(yè)務(wù)。

答案：D

Passage2

AfellowspeakerfromCalifornianamedGeriflewtoJapan,in

herfavouritejeansandacasualjacket,togiveherfirstspeech.

Fourteenhourslater,fourperfectlydressedJapanesegentlemen

greetedheratNaritaAirport.Smilingandbowinglow,theyhanded

hertheirbusinesscards.Withherbaginonehand,Geritooktheir

cardswiththeother.Shethankedthem,glancedbrieflyatthecards,

andputthemintoherjeanspocketquickly.

Whenthefiveofthemarrivedatthehotel,theyinvitedGerito

teainthelobby（大廳）.Whilesippingtea,thegentlemenpresented

herwithasmallgiftwhichsheeagerlyopened.Shewasthrilledwith

thegiftandshoutedexcitedly,“Oh,it'sbeautiful!”

Atthispoint,thefourJapanesegentlemenstoodupand,bowing

onlyveryslightly,said"Sayonara"andleftimmediately.PoorGeri

wasleftastonished.Whatdidshedowrong?

Everything!Herjeanswerethefirstgaffe.Evenifyou'recoming

offabicycleinJapan,youdonotmeetclients（客人）casuallydressed.

ThesecondmistakewasGeri'shandlingoftheirbusinesscards

rudely.InJapan,thebusinesscardisoneofthemostimportant

communicativetools.Itisalwayspresentedandacceptedrespectfully

withbothhands.However,Geriputtheircardsawaymuchtoo

quickly.InJapan,peopleusebusinesscardsasaconversationstarter.

Youchatabouteachother'scardsandworkanddonotputtheirs

awayuntiltheygentlyandrespectfullyplaceyoursinsafekeeping.

Puttingitcarelesslyintoherjeanspocketwastheultimatedisrespect.

Then,thefourthhorrorofhorrorswasthatGerishouldnot

haveopenedthegiftinfrontofherclients.Inalandwheresaving

faceiscritical,itwouldbeembarrassingtodiscoverthegifttheygave

wasnotasniceastheonetheyreceived.Whatisworse,Gerihadn't

evengiventhemagift!

【語篇解讀】本文介紹了Geri在與日本人交往中所犯的幾個(gè)

禮儀上的錯(cuò)誤。

1.InthefourJapanesegentlemen'seyes,Geritooktheircards

A.excitedlyB.embarrassingly

C.politelyD.disrespectfully

解析：由文章第一段“???glancedbrieflyatthecards,andputthem

intoherjeanspocketquickly.w和第四段的“Thesecondmistakewas

Geri'shandlingoftheirbusinesscardsrudely.”可知答案。

答案：D

2.WhydidthefourJapanesegentlemenleaveGerisuddenly?

A.Becausetheycouldn'tbearGeri'sbehaviour

anylonger.

B.Becausetheyhadfinishedthetask.

C.BecauseGerihadsomethingmoreimportanttodo.

D.BecauseGerifeltembarrassed.

解析：由第五段“Then,thefourthhorrorofhorrorswasthat

Gerishouldnothaveopenedthegiftinfrontofherclients.Inaland

wheresavingfaceiscritical,itwouldbeembarrassingtodiscoverthe

gifttheygavewasnotasniceastheonetheyreceived.w可推知答案。

答案：A

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"gaffe”inParagraph4

probablymean?

A.Ignorance.B.Sadness.

C.Mistake.D.Carelessness.

解析：由第三段“Whatdidshedowrong?”和第四段的“The

secondmistakewasGeri'shandlingoftheirbusinesscardsrudely.”

可推知答案。

答案：C

4.ThethirdmistakeGerimadewasthatshe.

A,usedherowncardasaconversationstarter

B.tookherclients*cardswithonehand

C.keptherclients'cardsinawrongplace

D.metherclientsinjeans

解析：由第四段“ThesecondmistakewasGeri'shandlingoftheir

businesscardsrudely?"和“Puttingitcarelesslyintoherjeanspocket

wastheultimatedisrespect.”可推知答案。

答案：C

5.Whatlessoncanwedrawfromthisstory?

A.Honestyisthebestpolicy.

B.Thinktwicebeforeyoutakeanyaction.

C.WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.

D.Don'tclaimtoknowwhatyoudon'tknow.

解析：縱觀全文可得出答案。

答案：C

Passage3

BigBrothersBigSistersisbasedonthesimplicityandpowerof

friendship.Itisaprogrammewhichprovidesfriendshipandfunby

matchingpeople(ages7?17)withavolunteer

adultwhocanbebotharolemodelandasupportivefriend.

Volunteertutorscomefromallwalksoflife—married,single>

withorwithoutchildren.BigBrothersandBigSistersarenot

replacementparentsorsocialworkers.Theyaretutors:someoneto

trust,tohavefunwith,totalkandgotowhenneeded.

ABigSisterandLittleSisterwillgenerallyspendbetweenone

andfourhourstogetherthreeorfourtimeseachmonthforatleast

twelvemonths.Theyenjoysimpleactivitiessuchasapicnicata

park,cookingyplayingsportorgoingtoafootballmatch.These

activitiesimprovethefriendshipandhelptheyoungpersondevelop

positiveself-respect,confidenceandlifedirection.

BigBrothersBigSistersorganizationsexistthroughoutthe

world.Itisthelargestandmostwell-knownprovideroftutor

servicesinternationallyandhasbeenoperatingfor25years.

EmilyandSarahhavebeenmatchedsinceMarch2023.Emilyis

a10—year-oldgirlwhohasexperiencedsomedifficultiesbeing

acceptedbyherschoolmatesatschool.UIwasprettysuretherewas

somethingwrongwithme.”

Emily'smumcameacrossBigBrothersBigSistersandthought

itwouldbeofbenefittoEmilybyaprovidingdifferentfeedback（反

饋）aboutherselfotherthanjustrelyingonschoolmatestomeasure

herself-worthw.

Sarahwantedtogetinvolvedinavolunteerprogramme.“I

googleditandfoundouthowtobeapartofit.Ithoughtitwouldbe

funformetogetinvolvedinmakingtimetodosomethingbecause

sometimesit*sallworkandnoplay.”

BigBrothersBigSistershasbeenofgreatbenefitandenjoyment

tobothEmilyandSarah.Theyloveandlookforwardtotheirtime

togetherandthepartnershiphascertainlyhelpedEmilybemore

comfortableinbeingthewonderful,happyanduniquegirlsheis!

【語篇解讀】文章主要講述了BigBrothersBigSisters這樣一

個(gè)項(xiàng)目，該項(xiàng)目為情感上容易受挫折的孩子提供了幫助。

1.WhatistheaimofBigBrothersBigSisters?

A.Toofferstudentspublicservices.

B.Tohelpstudentsimprovetheirgrades.

C.Toorganizesportactivitiesforyoungpeople.

D.Toprovidepartnershipandfunforyoungpeople.

解析：根據(jù)文章第一段第二句"Itisaprogrammewhichprovides

friendshipandfunbymatchingvulnerableyoungpeople...”可知，這

個(gè)項(xiàng)目是“通過讓成人陪伴一些內(nèi)心比較脆弱的孩子，從而來提供友

誼和樂趣”。A選項(xiàng)是說為學(xué)生提供公共服務(wù)；B選項(xiàng)是說幫助學(xué)生

提高分?jǐn)?shù)；C選項(xiàng)是說為年輕人組織體育活動(dòng)；D選項(xiàng)是說給年輕人

提供友情和樂趣。所以選D。

答案：D

2.Avolunteerisusuallyexpectedtoworkwithinayearforat

least.

A.24hoursB.36hours

C.48hoursD.72hours

解析：根據(jù)文章第三段第一句可知，志愿者要每年至少參加12

個(gè)月，每個(gè)月三到四次，每次花一到四個(gè)小時(shí)。由此可以得出，志愿

者一年之內(nèi)最少要工作12X3X1=36小時(shí)。

答案：B

3.AccordingtoEmily'smother,thisprogrammemayprovide

Emilywith.

A.advicefromherteachers

B.anewwaytoassessherself

C.anewwaytojudgeherschoolmates

D.morecommentsfromherschoolmates

解析：根據(jù)文章第六段第一句”...by'providingdifferent

feedback（反饋）aboutherselfotherthanjust../"可知，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目可

以向Emily的媽媽提供一些關(guān)于她孩子不同的反饋，而不是僅僅只依

賴同學(xué)的評(píng)價(jià)來評(píng)估Emily的自我價(jià)值。

答案：B

4.WhydidSarahwanttogetinvolvedintheprogramme?

A.Sheusedtobeavolunteer.

B.Sheneededapart-timejob.

C.Shefeltabitboredwithherlife.

D.Shewantedtogetachallengingjob.

解析：根據(jù)文章第七段最后一句”...becausesometimesit*sall

workandnoplay.”可知Sarah想要通過參加這個(gè)項(xiàng)目來找些事兒做，

因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)候生活充滿了工作而沒有放松。A選項(xiàng)“曾經(jīng)是一個(gè)志愿

者”；B選項(xiàng)“她需要一份兼職工作”；C選項(xiàng)“她感覺生活有點(diǎn)兒

無趣”；D選項(xiàng)“她想要獲得一份有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作”。所以選C。

答案：C

aw

5.Accordingtothepassage9vulnerableyoungpeopleare

probablythosewhoare.

A,popularatschool

B.ratherweakphysically

C,easilyhurtemotionally

D.confidentinthemselves

解析：由文章的第一段可知這個(gè)項(xiàng)目可以為這些孩子提供玩伴和

樂趣。再由文章的第三段可以得知，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目可以為孩子們提高自尊、

自信和找準(zhǔn)生活方向。再由文章的第五段可以得知，Emily在學(xué)校很

難被同學(xué)接受。綜上分析，可以得出，vulnerableyoungpeople是指

“情感上容易受傷害的人”。

答案：C

Passage4

TheforcesthatmakeJapanoneoftheworld'smostearthquake

一prone（有地震傾向的）countriescouldbecomepartofitslong-

termenergysolution.

WaterfromdeepbelowthegroundatJapan'stensofthousands

ofhotspringscouldbeusedtoproduceelectricity.AlthoughJapanese

high-techcompaniesareleadersingeothermal（地?zé)岬模﹖echnology

andexportit,itsuseislimitedinthenation.

“Japanshouldnodoubtmakeuseofitsresourcesof

geothermalenergy,saidYoshiyasuTakefuji,aleadingresearcher

ofthermal-electricpowerproduction.

ThedisastrousearthquakeandtsunamionMarch11th,2023

causedareactionagainstatomicpower,whichpreviouslymadeup30

percentofJapan'senergyneeds,andincreasedinterestinalternative

energies,whichaccountforonly8percent.

ArtistYokoOnohascalledonJapantoexploreitsnatural

energy,followingtheexampleofIcelandwhichusesrenewable

energyformorethan80percentofitsneeds.

Fornow,geothermalenergymakesuplessthan1percentofthe

energyneedsinJapan,whichhasfordecadesreliedheavilyonfossil

fuelsandatomicpower.

Thebiggestproblemtogeothermalenergyisthehighinitialcost

oftheexplorationandconstructingthefactories.Anotherproblemis

thatJapan'spotentiallybestsitesarealreadybeingdevelopedfor

tourismorarelocatedwithinnationalparkswhereconstructionis

forbidden.

“Wecan*tevendig10cminsidenationalparks,"saidShigeto

YamadaofFujiElectric,addingthatregulationsprotectingnature

wouldneedtoberelaxedforgeothermalenergytogrow.

ResearcherHideakiMatsuisaid,Producingelectricityusing

hotspringsisadecades-longproject.Wealsohavetothinkabout

whattodofornowasenergysupplieswilldeclineintheshort

term.”

TheEarthPolicyInstituteinWashington,theUS,believed

Japancouldproduce80,000megawatts（兆瓦）andmeetmorethan

halfitselectricityneedswithgeothermaltechnology.

JapanesegiantssuchasToshibaarealreadygloballeadersin

geothermaltechnology,witha70percentmarketshare.In2023,Fuji

Electricbuilttheworld'slargestgeothermalfactoryinNewZealand.

【語篇解讀】文章主要講述了日本正在考慮開發(fā)地?zé)崮?，因?yàn)?/p>

日本是地震多發(fā)國(guó)家，國(guó)內(nèi)地?zé)崮芊浅ＸS富，所以地?zé)崮軐⑹侨毡镜?/p>

新型替代能源。

1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.AlternativeenergiesinJapan

B.Theworld*slargestgeothermalplant

C.Japantakestheleadingeothermaltechnology

D.Japanthinksofgeothermalenergy

解析：文章主要講述了日本正在考慮開發(fā)地?zé)崮?，所以是圍繞地

熱能的話題展開。故選D項(xiàng)。

答案：D

2.WhatpercentageofJapan'senergyneedsisgeothermal

energy?

A.About8%.B.Below1%.

C.Around30%.D.Over80%.

解析：從第六段“Fornow,geothermalenergymakesuplessthan

1percentoftheenergyneedsinJapan,whichhasfordecadesrelied

heavilyonfossilfuelsandatomicpower.”可知，日本地?zé)崮芄┙o不到

1%,其主要依賴于化石燃料和原子能。故選B項(xiàng)。

答案：B

3.AccordingtoShigetoYamada,thegrowthofgeothermal

powerinJapanneeds?

A.achangeofrulesB.financialsupport

C.localpeople'shelpD.hightechnology

解析：從侄1數(shù)第四段“...addingthatregulationsprotectingnature

wouldneedtoberelaxedforgeothermalenergytogrow.“可知，要開

發(fā)地?zé)崮?，需要將現(xiàn)行的規(guī)章制度進(jìn)行改變，故選A項(xiàng)。

答案：A

4.Geothermalenergyisconsideredasalong-termprogramme

by.

A.YoshiyasuTakefujiB.HideakiMatsui

C.ShigetoYamadaD.YokoOno

解析：由第九段uProducingelectricityusinghotspringsisa

decades-longproject.w可知，HideakiMatsui認(rèn)為地?zé)崮苁莻€(gè)長(zhǎng)期

的項(xiàng)目，故選B項(xiàng)。

答案：B

5.Itcanbelearnedfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat?

A.theworld*sbiggestgeothermalplantwasbuiltbyAmerica

B.Japanwillnotexportitsgeothermaltechnology

C.thepotentialofJapan'sgeothermalenergyisgreat

D.itishardtofindgeothermalenergyinJapan

解析：由最后兩段”...believedJapancouldproduce80,000

megawatts（兆瓦）andmeetmorethanhalfitselectricityneedswith

geothermaltechnology...''可知，日本在地?zé)崮芊矫嬗兄薮蟮臐摿Γ?/p>

故選C項(xiàng)。

答案：C

Passage5

Ablindbabyisdoublyhandicapped.Notonlyisitunabletosee,

butbecauseitcannotreceivethevisualstimulus（刺激）fromits

environmentthatasightedchilddoes,itislikelytobeslowin

intellectualdevelopment.Nowtheten-month-oldsonofDrand

MrsDennisDaughtersisthesubjectofanunusualpsychological

experimentdesignedtopreventalag（滯后）inthelearningprocess.

Withtheaidofasonar-typeelectronicthathewearsonhishead,

infant（嬰兒）Dennisislearningtoidentifythepeopleandobjectsin

theworldaroundhimbymeansofechoes（回聲）.

ThedeviceisanimprovementoftheSonicguidean

instrumentproducedbyTelesensorySystems,IncMofPaloAlto,Calif,

andusedbyblindadultsinadditiontoasaneorguidedog.As

adaptedforDennis,itconsistsofabattery-poweredsystemabout

thesizeofahalfdollarthatisonaheadgear.Atransmittersendsout

anultrasonic（超聲的）pulsethatcreatesan80degreeconeofsound

at6feet.Echoesfromobjectswithintheconeareperceived（felt）as

soundsthatvaryinpitch（音調(diào)）andvolume（音量）withthesizeand

distanceoftheobject.

Thecloseranobjectis,thelowerthepitch,andthelargerthe

object,thelouderthesignal.Hardsurfacesproduceasharpping,

whilesoftonessendbacksignalswithaslightlyfuzzyquality.An

objectslightlytotherightofDennis*sendsbackaloudersoundtohis

rightearthantotheleft.Thus,bysimplymovinghisheadrightand

leftandupanddown,hecannotonlylocateanobjectbutalsoget

somenotionofitsshapeandsize,thankstothevaryingqualitiesof

soundsreachinghisearsastheconeofultrasound（超聲波）passes

itsedge.Dennislikestousethedevicetoplayakindofpeek-a-

boowithhismother.Standingonhiskneeandfacingherdirectly,he

receivesastrongsignalinbothears.Byturninghisheadaway,he

makesherseemtodisappear."Fromthefirsttimeheworeit,“says

MrsDaughters,“itwaslikealightgoingoninhishead.”

Whatremainstobedeterminedishowwellthedevicewillhelp

Denniscopewithhissurroundingsashebeginstowalkandventure

furtherintohisenvironment.

Meanwhile,Telesensorysystems,Inc.,isworkingonthe

developmentofsonar（聲吶）devicewithsomewhatthesame

sensitivityasDennis1forusebyschool-agechildren.

【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)針對(duì)盲童的學(xué)習(xí)過程的研

究。

1.DrandMrsDaughters*researchisdirectedto

A.helpingtheblindtoseeandleantaswellasothers

B.benefitingthelearningprocessofblindchildren

C.solvingblindchildren'spsychol