語法專題：賓語從句【課前引入】()1.—Jack,couldyoutellme________thereisgoingtobeameetingornot?

—Yes.It’snextMonday.A.if B.whether D.howatD.how【語法感知】IknowthattheWaterFestivalisreallyfun.Iwonderifthey’llhavetheracesagainnextyear.DoyouknowwhereIcanbuysomemedicine?CouldyoupleasetellmehowIcangettothepostoffice?Couldyoutelluswhenthegamestartsthisevening?【思考】1.這些連詞引導的是什么從句？2.這些連詞應(yīng)該怎么用，如何選擇？一、賓語從句的定義賓語：放在及物動詞、及物動詞短語之后，表示動作的對象。及物動詞短語包含：（1）be+adj+prep（2）vi(不及物)+prepIoftenwatchTV.(名詞)Iamproudofthecountry.(名詞)Ilikereadingbooks.(動名詞Ving)Ifindthatheisagoodboy.（句子）賓語從句：如果由一個句子放在及物動詞(短語)后充當賓語,這個句子叫賓語從句。 Ibelievethathewillgetgoodgrades.(及物動詞+連詞+賓語從句)IwonderifhewillgotoBeijing.(及物動詞+連詞+賓語從句)Idon’tknowwhetherhewillgothere.(及物動詞+連詞+賓語從句)Iamsurethathewillehere.(be+adj+連詞+賓語從句)IamproudofwhatIhavedone.(prep+連詞+賓語從句)【牛刀小試】1.判斷下列句子是否是賓語從句。（是：√；不是：×）1.Thathewaslatemademeangry.()2.ItisimportantthatweshouldlearnEnglish.()3.TheboywhoisstandingunderthetreeisTom.()4.Hetellsmethatheisateacher.()5.HewasdoinghomeworkwhenIwascooking.()6.IamhappythatIcanmeetyou.()7.Iamexcitedaboutwhatishappening.()二、賓語從句的連詞

分類

備注

例句連詞that

that本身無意義，不充當任何成分，可省略He

said

that

he

wanted

to

stay

at

home.連詞whether

/

if不充當任何成分，意為“是否”，不可省略I

want

to

know

if

/

whether

he

likes

the

book.連接代詞what，which，who，在賓語從句中充當主語或賓語，后面的句子不完整,不可省略He

asks

me

what

we

will

have

for

dinner.連接副詞

when，where，why，how在賓語從句中充當狀語，后面的句子完整,不可省略He

asked

me

how

she

could

get

to

Beijing.【注意】在下列情況下，只能用whether，不能用if

情況

例句(1)

在動詞不定式之前Please

tell

us

whether

to

go

or

stay

here....orwhether

...or

not

的固定搭配中He

asked

me

whether

I

wanted

to

go

there

by

train

or

not.(3)在介詞后It

depends

on

whether

it

will

be

fine.whatwhatwhowhyhowwhetherthat1.Icanbringmybooksintothefarawayhillsandshare_________Ihavewiththechildren.

2.Iwonder________IshouldgotoBeijingorShanghaiforwork.3.Ihaveaproblem,andIdonotknow______Icansolveit.4.Canyoutellme________willgowithyou?5.Ibelieve_________everythingispossibleifyouworkhard.6.Idon’tknowknow_______Ilikeit,maybeforbeautyandfreedom.三、賓語從句的語序請判斷下列句子對錯。Canyoutellmewhereareyoufrom?()Canyoutellmewhereyouarefrom?()Idon’tknowhowcanIgettothebusstation.()Idon’tknowhowIcangettothebusstation.()結(jié)論：賓語從句的語序要用陳述句語序。陳述句語序：主語+謂語eg:Shecanplaybasketball.eg:Shelikesapples.eg:Shehaswrittenabook.eg:Heisateacher.疑問句語序：助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/be動詞+主語+謂語eg:Cansheplaybasketball?eg:Doesshelikeapples?eg:Hasshewrittenthebook?eg:Isheateacher?【牛刀小試】3.語法填空()1.—Canyoutellme___________forthesummervacation?

—Whynotvolunteeratthemuseum?A.whatIshoulddo B.whatB.whatshouldIdo C.whenIshoulddo D.whenD.whenshouldIdoMr.Wang?)2.—AbouttheChineseDream,couldyoupleasetellus_________,Mr.Wang?

—Bypullingtogether.A.howB.howwemakeitetrueB.howwecanmakeitetrueC.whenD.whenemakeitetrueD.whenwecanmakeitetrue四、賓語從句的時態(tài)句式轉(zhuǎn)化：(1)“Johnspeakshighlyofyou.”Tomtellsme.→TomtellsmethatJohn________highlyofme.(2)“Jimestoschoolonfooteveryday.”hesaid.→HesaidthatJim________toschoolonfooteveryday.(3)“Themoongoesaroundtheearth.”theteachersaid→Theteachersaidthatthemoon________aroundtheearth.賓語從句的時態(tài)通常由主句來決定，其用法規(guī)則可概括為：（1）主現(xiàn)從任（2）主過從過（3）客觀真理永一現(xiàn)

主句從句

舉例一般現(xiàn)在時可用根據(jù)句意選擇所需的任何時態(tài)I

think

that

I

will

bee

rich

in

the

future.I

think

that

he

often

play

sports

.I

think

that

he

went

to

Beijing

yesterday.

一般過去時一般現(xiàn)在時

→一般過去時He

said

that

Jim

went

to

school

on

foot

every

day.He

said

that

he

was

doing

homework

.He

said

that

he

would

bee

a

teacher

in

the

future.He

said

that

he

had

written

two

books

so

far.現(xiàn)在進行時

→過去進行時一般將來時

→過去將來時現(xiàn)在完成時

→過去完成時一般過去時

→過去完成時若表示客觀事實、真理、自然現(xiàn)象名言警句等，一律用一般現(xiàn)在時The

teacher

said

that

the

moon

travels

around

the

earth.【牛刀小試】4.語法填空()1.—Doyouknow__________,Alfred?

—At2:00tomorrowafternoon.A.whentheendoftermconcertbeginB.whendidtheendoftermconcertbeginC.whentheendoftermconcertwillbegin D.whenwilltheendoftermconcertbegin()2.—Guesshowlong_________.Itis516meters—overfivefootballfieldslong.

A.itisB.isit C.itwasD.wasit五、賓語從句的簡化

情況

簡化think,

make,

find等引導的賓語從句,可轉(zhuǎn)換為簡單句,即：think/make/find+賓語+賓補His

mother

found

that

he

was

a

kind

boy.=His

mother

found________________

.由連接代詞who,

what,

which或連接副詞when,

why,

how,

where等引導的賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)Could

you

tell

me

how

I

can

get

to

the

station?

=

Could

you

tell

me

how

________

to

the

station?當主句謂語動詞是

hope，agree，choose，wish，decide，promise

等動詞時，且主句和從句的主語相同時,從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)

He

hopes

he

will

pass

the

exam.=

He

hopes

___________

the

exam.【鞏固練習】語法選擇()1.—Jack,couldyoutellme________therewillbeameetingnextweekornot?

—Yes.It’snextMonday.A.if B.whether C.that()2.—What’swrongwithyouruncle?—We’resure________somethingiswrongwithhim,butwedon’tknow________hissituationisseriousornot.

A.if;whether B.that;that C.that;whether()3.—DoyouhavetimetoetoourThanksgivingparty?—Well,Idon’tknow________.

A.thatIcanfinishmyworkbythenB.ifcanIfinishtheworkbythenC.whetherIcanfinishtheworkbythen()4.—Doyouknow________?

—At9:00tomorrowmorning.A.whenthevideomeetingbeganB.whenwillthevideomeetingbeginC.whenthevideomeetingwillbegin()5.Alwaystellyourparents________youaregoingand________youexpecttobehome.

A.what;where B.where;when C.where;what()6.—Iamwondering________.

—Myfatherwilldriveusthere.A.whywewillgototheamusementparkB.howwillwegototheamusementparkC.howwewillgototheamusementpark()7．Teenagersdon’talwaysunderstand________theirparentshavesomanyrules.A．whyB．whichC．where()8．Withthedevelopmentofthetechnology,