第一部分

教材知識(shí)講練選擇性必修第一冊(cè)UNIT5

WORKINGTHELAND續(xù)寫語(yǔ)料積累背誦·句之美欣賞·語(yǔ)之秀1.(行為描寫)Shewassoexcitedthatsheburstintotearsandsuddenlyhuggedmeinherarms,sobbing.2.(心理描寫)Seizedbycuriosityandconcern,Iconstantlyturnedover,wonderingwhathadhappenedtoher.3.(景物描寫)Onelong-agomorning,thehotsummersunclimbedtothetopofthesky.WhenIlookedupthroughtheirnon-existentroof,Isawgraycloudsfloatingaboveme,andsuddenlyeverythingseemedsostrange.Raincoatedmyupturnedface,floodedmyeyes,andflowedintomymouth.Overwhelmed,IfeltlikeIwasdrowning.語(yǔ)基自主檢測(cè)·目標(biāo)確立核心單詞1.________vt.解決(難題)；應(yīng)付(局面)；處理2.________n.危機(jī)；危急關(guān)頭3._______vt.使增長(zhǎng)；使興旺

n.增長(zhǎng)；提高；激勵(lì)4.________vt.(通常經(jīng)過努力)獲得；得到5.___________vt.克服；解決；戰(zhàn)勝6.________vt.&vi.擴(kuò)大；增加

vt.擴(kuò)展；發(fā)展(業(yè)務(wù))7.___________vt.包括；包含；由……組成tacklecrisisboostattainovercomeexpandcomprise核心單詞8.___________vt.產(chǎn)生；引起9.________vt.&vi.消化

vt.領(lǐng)會(huì)；領(lǐng)悟

n.摘要；文摘10.____________n.名望；名譽(yù)；名人；名流11.____________adj.完全必要的；極其重要的12._______________n.可供選擇的事物

adj.可供替代的；非傳統(tǒng)的generatedigestcelebrityessentialalternative語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)1.Despiterecentadvancementsin3Dfoodprinting,theindustryhasmanychallenges_______________(overcome).2.Whatfoodyoueatandhowwellit_______________(digest)willobviouslyaffectyoursleeptoo.3.Watershortageisthebiggestobstacleto___________(boost)theworld'sgrainproduction.4.DuringthisperiodTurkeyexperiencedtheeconomic________(crisis)of1994and2001,eachwithdifferentcharacteristics.toovercomeisdigestedboostingcrises語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)5.Opinionsdifferregardinghow____________(tackle)environmentalissueswhileensuringeconomicprogress.6.Withoutupgrades,theroadsandbridgesareunabletocopewith____________(expand)populations.7.Somepeoplearguethat_______________(celebrity)havenorighttoexpectprivacybecausetheyareinthepubliceye.8.Thenumberofcompaniesburningcoals_______________(generate)powerisonthedecline.totackleexpandingcelebritiestogenerate派生單詞1.shortadj.短(期)的；短暫的→___________n.不足；缺少；短缺→__________v.(使)變短；(使)縮短2.conventionn.習(xí)俗；慣例；常規(guī)；傳統(tǒng)手法；傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)格；大會(huì)；集會(huì)→________________adj.傳統(tǒng)的；習(xí)慣的3.assumev.假定，假設(shè)→______________n.假定；設(shè)定；(責(zé)任的)承擔(dān)；(權(quán)利的)獲得4.consumev.消耗；吃；喝；毀滅→_______________n.消耗；消耗量；消費(fèi)→___________n.消費(fèi)者shortageshortenconventionalassumptionconsumptionconsumer派生單詞5.extendv.延伸；延長(zhǎng)→____________n.擴(kuò)建部分；擴(kuò)大；電話分機(jī)6.deepadj.深的；深?yuàn)W的→________adv.非常；深沉地→________vt.使……加深；使……強(qiáng)烈

vi.加深→_______n.向下(或向里)的距離；深(度)extensiondeeplydeependepth語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)1.TheAfricancountryisfacingtheworstfood___________inhistory,andbeing_______offoodsupplywillresultinmanypeoplestarvingtodeath.(short)2.________________airpollutionmonitorsarenormallyfixedonlamppostsataboutninefeetintheair.(convention)3.I________thathispointofviewisunrealisticbecauseitisgroundedonthe______________thatallmenarebornequal.(assume)shortageshortConventionalassumeassumption語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)4.Theairconditionersofthistype__________toomuchelectricity,aboutwhichmany____________havebeenmakingcomplaints.(consume)5.Ifyouareinneedofadeadline_______________,

simplyexplainthesituationtotheprofessor.(extend)6.Herlatestpoemhas________impressedherreaderswithitsremarkable_______，helpingthem________theunderstandingofmodernpoetry.(deep)consumeconsumersextensiondeeplydepthdeepen高頻短語(yǔ)1._________________包括；包含；由……組成(或構(gòu)成)2.____________在內(nèi)心深處；本質(zhì)上；實(shí)際上3.__________相應(yīng)地；因此；轉(zhuǎn)而；反過來；依次；輪流4.________________例如；比如5.___________遠(yuǎn)離；一點(diǎn)也不becomprisedofdeepdowninturnforinstancefarfrom語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用(選用左欄短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空)1.(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Ipostmyworkonsocialmediaand,__________,havemetsomeofthekindestpeople.2.Acrowdmainly________________blue-collarworkersheldademonstrationlastFriday.3.Theeconomyofthisareadevelopsveryfastbutsomecitizens'qualitiesare___________satisfactory.4.Thereportisincomplete;itdoesnotincludesalesinFrance,________________.inturncomprisedof

farfromforinstance原句結(jié)構(gòu)辨識(shí)寫作佳句背誦1.動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)Whydifferentcropsaregrownisthattheyputimportantmineralsbackintotheground,makingitreadyforthenextbatchofcrops.一只狼突然從灌木叢中跳出來，把孩子們都嚇呆了。A

wolfsprangoutofthebushesunexpectedly,_______________________________________________.(續(xù)寫之動(dòng)作描寫)makingthechildrenfreezewithterror原句結(jié)構(gòu)辨識(shí)寫作佳句背誦2.thefactthat...同位語(yǔ)從句Whatkeepsthemfromdoingsoisthefactthatchemicalfarmingservesthehighdemandforfoodaroundtheworld.我不會(huì)說外語(yǔ)使我在求職時(shí)處于明顯的劣勢(shì)。____________________________________________putsmeatadistinctdisadvantageinjobseeking.(應(yīng)用文之咨詢稿)ThefactthatIcan'tspeakaforeignlanguage考點(diǎn)歸納探究·精準(zhǔn)講練1.devote

vt.把……獻(xiàn)(給)；把……專用于；專心于①(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)The60-year-oldisnotanactor,butapoliceman.However,heismore__________(devote)tohis“role”thananyrealactor.②Forthepastfiveyears,PaulaSmith,ahistorianofscience,hasdevotedherselfto_______________(re-create)long-forgottentechniques.③IfeelthatI'vebeengivenasecondlifetodevote___somethingthatismeaningfulandenormous.devotedre-creatingto唯有全身心地投入到工作和學(xué)習(xí)中，你才能獲得成功。Youwillnevergainsuccessunlessyou_______________________________________________________________.

devote...to(doing)sth把……奉獻(xiàn)給；專注于(做)某事

devoteoneselfto致力于；獻(xiàn)身于

bedevotedto深愛；致力于

devotionn.深愛；摯愛；奉獻(xiàn)；忠心arefullydevotedto/devoteyourselffullytoyourworkandstudy

devotehisenergytohelpingthedisabled致力于幫助殘疾人

bedevotedtoherhusbandandchildren深愛著她的丈夫和孩子

speakinpraiseofherdevotiontoeducation表?yè)P(yáng)她對(duì)教育的奉獻(xiàn)2.convince

vt.使相信；使確信；說服①Heconvincedthepolicedepartment___________(allow)himtosetupacoupleof“chatbenches”intwooftheirlocalparks.②(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)Dirtyshortsandoldshoesgavehimtheappearanceofarealbeggarandhis______________(convince)dialectsoonwonhimthetrustofthebeggars.③Convinced____theaccuracyofthedatacollected,theresearchersstucktotheiropinion.toallowconvincingof(普通表達(dá))Ifirmlybelievethatwhatyou'dliketoshareatthechatshowwillbeofgreatbenefittous.(高級(jí)表達(dá))I_______________________thatwhatyou'dliketoshareatthechatshowwillbeofgreatbenefittous.amfirmlyconvinced

convincesbofsth使某人信服某事

convincesbtodosth說服某人做某事

convincesbthat...使某人確信……

convincedadj.確信的，深信的

beconvincedof/that...確信……

convincingadj.有說服力的；令人信服的

befirmlyconvincedofhisloyalty堅(jiān)信他的忠誠(chéng)

findnoconvincingevidence沒有找到令人信服的證據(jù)

convincemeofherinnocence使我相信她的清白3.estimate

vt.估計(jì)；估價(jià)；估算

n.估計(jì)；估算①Ihadmycarcrashedlastweekendandthecosttorepairit____________________(estimate)at$800.②Themaximumwindspeedatthispointisestimated_______________(reach)68meterspersecond.③An____________(estimate)fourhundredthousandMexicansenteredtheUnitedStatesillegallybetween1912and1917.wasestimatedtohavereachedestimated(普通表達(dá))Peopleestimatethat80percentofallconversationinEnglishissmalltalk.(高級(jí)表達(dá))___________________that80percentofallconversationinEnglishissmalltalk.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

estimatesth(at...)估算某物(達(dá)到……)

beestimatedtobe/todo/tohavedone...估計(jì)是/做/做了……

estimatethat估計(jì)……

Itisestimatedthat據(jù)估計(jì)……Itisestimated

makearoughestimate作一個(gè)粗略的估計(jì)

estimatethecostofrepairsat$150估計(jì)維修費(fèi)用為150美元

accountforanestimated5%ofsales約占銷量的5%4.alternative

[課本義]n.可供選擇的事物

adj.可供替代的；非傳統(tǒng)的[增補(bǔ)義]adj.另類的①Shoppingfromthehomecomputerturnsouttobeaconvenientalternativeto__________(drive)tothestore.②Facedwiththeworryingcurrentsituationofoceans,humanbeingshavenoalternativebut________________(cooperate)witheachothertotackletheoceancrisis.③(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)Therearealternatives______constantwrittencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat.drivingtocooperateto陷入如此尷尬的境地，她只能對(duì)著人群強(qiáng)顏歡笑。Trappedinsuchanembarrassingsituation,she____________________________________________________________________________.

analternativetosth某物的替代物

havenoalternativebuttodosth別無選擇只好做某事

alternativelyadv.可供選擇地

hadnootheralternativebuttoforceasmileatthecrowd

alternativeapproachestolearning可供選擇的學(xué)習(xí)方法

lookforanalternativetotheusualtreatment尋找常規(guī)治療的替代方法

developalternativesourcesofenergy開發(fā)替代能源5.inturn

相應(yīng)地；轉(zhuǎn)而；依次；輪流①M(fèi)akingcitiessmarterisonewayout,andIthinkthiswill___turnmakecitiesgreener.②Nowthatwehavefinisheddesigning,thecompany,in____(it)turn,shoulddotheconstructingwork.③Theytookturns__________________(stay)awakeincaseanythingwentwrong.initsstaying/tostay當(dāng)這些女士們依次發(fā)言時(shí)，她們每個(gè)人都贏得了喝彩聲。①Therewerecheersforeachofthewomenas_____________________.(inturn)②Therewerecheersforeachofthewomenas_____________________.(taketurns)theyspokeinturntheytookturnstospeak

inone'sturn輪到某人；接著

byturns輪流；交替地

waityourturn排隊(duì)等候

Itisone'sturntodosth輪到某人做某事

taketurnstodosth/(in/at)doingsth輪流做某事

getcheerfulanddepressedbyturns時(shí)而高興時(shí)而沮喪

askeachofusinturntodraw讓我們每個(gè)人輪流畫畫

taketurnsdriving/todrivethecar輪流開車6.[教材原句]GiventhatYuan'shybridsmadehimquitewealthy,onemightthinkhewouldhaveretiredtoalifeofleisure.考慮到雜交水稻使袁隆平變得相當(dāng)富有，人們可能認(rèn)為他會(huì)退休享受閑適的生活。①(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)_______(give)theastonishingpotentialofAItotransformourlives，weallneedtotakeactiontodealwithourAI-poweredfuture.②Restaurantkeepersneednotbeoverlyconcernedabout“bad”tables,given______they'reprofitable.③(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)Themoretimeyouspendinany_______(give)country,themorecomfortableyou'llbegintofeelwithitsforeignculturalpractices.Giventhatgiven考慮到可能沒有其他東西可吃，簡(jiǎn)迅速摘了一些漿果，用她的黃色襯衫包了起來。__________________________________________,Janequicklypickedsomeberriesandwrappedtheminheryellowblouse.giventhat是一個(gè)連詞短語(yǔ)，用以引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“假如；考慮到；既然”。given本身是個(gè)介詞，意為“考慮到；鑒于”，后跟名詞或名詞性從句。另外，given還可以作形容詞，意為“規(guī)定的；特定的；指定的”，通常放在名詞前作定語(yǔ)。Giventhattheremightnotbeanythingelsetoeat(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)SalahSukkarieh,aprofessorattheUniversityofSydney,seesrobotsasnecessarygivenhowcattlemenareaging.悉尼大學(xué)教授薩拉赫·蘇卡里認(rèn)為，鑒于養(yǎng)牛人的不斷老齡化，使用機(jī)器人是有必要的。7.[教材原句]However,thisisfarfromthecase.但是，這與事實(shí)相去甚遠(yuǎn)。①Intermsofnutrition,fastfoodisfarfrombeing________________(satisfaction).②Farfrom___________(charge)consumershighprices,manyoftheseservicesarefree(userspay,ineffect,byhandingoveryetmoredata).③Farfrom_______________(relax),webothfeltsouncomfortablethatwehardlyspoke.satisfactorycharging(being)relaxed(普通表達(dá))Itwasobviousthatmuchofwhattheyrecordedwasnottrueatall.(高級(jí)表達(dá))Itwasobviousthatmuchofwhattheyrecordedwas__________________.farfrom可作“遠(yuǎn)沒有；根本不；非但沒有”解，其后常跟“being＋形容詞、過去分詞或名詞”，being可省略，也可以直接跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式。另外，farfrom后接failure,success,satisfaction等名詞時(shí)，名詞前要加不定冠詞a。farfromthetruthFromhisslowwalkandlabouredbreathing,Ginnyrealisedhewasfarfromwell.看他步履緩慢、呼吸困難的樣子，金尼意識(shí)到他的身體還遠(yuǎn)未恢復(fù)。多維強(qiáng)基固本·達(dá)標(biāo)訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.用所給詞的正確形式填空。1.Theproblemisnotnearlysoeasyasyouthink.It'sfarfrom__________________(settle).2.It'ssaidthatthenovelHenryhaddevotedmanyyearsto____(get)publishedlastweek.3._______(give)thatsheisinterestedinliterature，I'msurewritingistherightcareerforher.beingsettledgotGiven4.Scientistssaythereis______________(convince)evidenceofalinkbetweenexposuretothesunandskincancer.5.Thereweresomanycarsheldupbytheheavyrainontheroadthatwehadnoalternativebut__________(wait).6.It________________(estimate)thattwomillionpeoplearoundtheworldhavenowtriedbungeejumping.convincingtowaitisestimatedⅡ.在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。1.Heseemedconfidentduringthepresentation,butthisisfarfrom____case.2.Scientistsareconvinced___thepositiveeffectoflaughteronphysicalandmentalhealth.3.Wehavebeenlookingforalternatives___theoperatingsystem,butitseemstherearefewoptions.4.Peopletrytoavoidpublictransportationdelaysbyusingtheirowncars,andthis___turncreatesfurtherproblems.theoftoinⅢ.熟詞生義(選出黑體詞在句中的漢語(yǔ)意思)1.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,“foodwastegoesagainstthemoralgrain，”asElizabethRoytewritesinthismonth'scoverstory.___A.糧食；谷物 B.準(zhǔn)則；常情

C.顆粒；微粒2.(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)InWickenden'sbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls'decisiontogotoElkhead.___A.詳述

B.擴(kuò)大

C.發(fā)展BA3.(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Storieslikethataremorecommoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyrooted.___A.不能動(dòng)彈的 B.筋疲力盡的

C.根深蒂固的CⅣ.長(zhǎng)難語(yǔ)句(分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)并翻譯成漢語(yǔ))1.(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude(獨(dú)處)andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.

本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，可簡(jiǎn)化為：Inthesechapters,Iexamineissues...toreplacethetime...。句中的mostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse是一個(gè)前面省略了引導(dǎo)詞______________的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾名詞______，此處most指代mostpeople。[嘗試翻譯]__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________that/whichtime

在這些章節(jié)中，我剖析了諸如獨(dú)處的重要性、培育高質(zhì)量休閑的必要性等問題，以取代現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)人花費(fèi)在無頭腦地使用設(shè)備上的時(shí)間。2.(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)TheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.

本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，可簡(jiǎn)化為：The...tax...hasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicted...。句子的后一部分實(shí)為主句，前一部分是_____從句，作hasshown的賓語(yǔ)。另外，句子用了halfasmuch...as...句型，意為“是……的一半多”，第二個(gè)as引出的是一個(gè)______從句，其中的itwouldgenerate是______從句，作predicted的賓語(yǔ)。[嘗試翻譯]___________________________________________________________________________________________________________賓語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)

該政策的第一份官方數(shù)據(jù)顯示，政府對(duì)軟飲料征收的糖稅所產(chǎn)生的收入只有部長(zhǎng)們最初預(yù)計(jì)的一半。寫作提能培優(yōu)·進(jìn)階訓(xùn)練Step1.單句寫作(利用本單元知識(shí)補(bǔ)全所給英文句子)①中國(guó)的農(nóng)民曾經(jīng)因食物短缺而挨餓。Chinesefarmersusedtostarve__________________________________.②他們過去一直在努力尋找提高作物產(chǎn)量的方法，但收效甚微。Theyhadbeenstruggling______________________________________，butwithlittlesuccess.becauseofashortageoffoodtosearchforwaystoincreasecropyields③為了幫助解決糧食危機(jī)，袁隆平教授致力于雜交水稻研究。Inorderto___________________________，ProfessorYuanLongping_________________________________onhybridrice.④通過艱苦的努力，他克服了大量的技術(shù)難題，成功地培育出了雜交水稻，使農(nóng)民的作物產(chǎn)量大幅增加。______________________,hemanagedto____________________________________________andsuccessfullycultivatedhybridrice,which__________________________________________.helptacklethefoodcrisisdevotedhimselftodoingresearchThroughintenseeffortovercomeenormoustechnicaldifficultiesenabledfarmerstoexpandtheiroutputgreatly⑤農(nóng)民的收成是以前兩倍，使得世界上22%的人口免于饑餓。Farmersareproducingharvests______________________,resultingin22%oftheworld'spopulation________________________.twiceaslargeasbeforebeingfreefromhungerStep2.銜接成文(利用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡銜接詞語(yǔ)連句成篇)___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Chinesefarmersusedtostarvebecauseofashortageoffood.Therefore，theyhadbeenstrugglingtosearchforwaystoincreasecropyields，