SectionⅣ“Developingideas”的課文習讀環(huán)節(jié)目錄課文閱讀理解課文寫法借鑒課時跟蹤檢測課文閱讀理解泛讀課文，完成以下學習任務(一)理清文脈結構afterreasonswaysbenefits(二)把握主旨大意What'sthemainideaofthetext?A．Historyofgardening.B．Skillsofgardening.C．Benefitsofgardening.D．Brits'loveofgardening.√精讀課文，完成以下學習任務(一)閱讀理解1．Whatdoes“greenfingers”meaninthefirstparagraph?A．Thefingerspaintedwithgreencolor.B．Thepoorskillsofgardening.C．Thefingerscutbygreenknife.D．Thesuperskillsofgardening.√2．WhatdoweknowabouttheloveofgardeninginBritain?A．Childrenliketoseethetallestflowers.B．Onlyexpertscanenterthecompetitions.C．Peopleenjoyworkingintheirgardens.D．Peoplecanfindaplacetoplantflowers.√3．Whydopeopleturntheirrooftopsintogardens?A．Theflowersontherooftopsaremorebeautiful.B．Thespacethatcanbeusedislimited.C．Toomanypeoplearewaitingfortheplace.D．Theflowersontherooftopsimprovetheairquality.√4．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTthesignificanceofgardening?A．Itenrichespeople'sspiritualworlds.B．Itimprovesenvironmentquality.C．Itprovidespeoplewithawonderfultime.D．Itenablesexpertgardenerstoentercompetitions.√5．Whatdoyouthinkthelastsentenceinthisarticlemean?A．Athistlecannotgrowbecauseoftheroses.B．Athistleislessimportantthantheroses.C．Gardeningcanmaketheenvironmentmorebeautifulandthemindsfulfilled.D．Gardeningcancostyoualotoftimeandmoney.√[Tip]借助句間邏輯關系推測句意句意猜測題一般考查學生用合適的語句解釋一個具有概括性的句子或格言、諺語等，解題時重在把握上下文的句間邏輯關系及上下文的語意。如第5題考查的是對文章尾段最后一句中引言的理解，首先分析其上文，作者以反問的語氣表達了自己的觀點：園藝能讓你在享受自然的同時創(chuàng)造美麗。本句引言在文中是用來進一步論證這一觀點，故該引言與前一句之間為同義關系，由此可推知本題答案。(二)閱讀表達1．Whydoover4,000peoplewaitforthesmallpiecesofland?Because

they

want

to

turn

the

land

into

gardens

to

grow

things.2．Whydoesgardeningdogoodtocities?It

can

help

make

cities

greener

and

improve

air

quality.3．Doyoulikegardening?Why？(Answersmayvary.)I

like

gardening.When

I

spend

my

free

time

gardening,

my

heart

is

calm

and

I

am

relaxed.|閱|讀|技|能|提|升|本文的語篇類型為事理說明文，此類文體多選用遞進式結構，一層一層地剖析事理，把道理說深說透。各層之間的關系是由淺入深、由表及里、由現(xiàn)象到本質。如本文按以下順序說明了英國人對園藝的喜愛：何時開始喜歡園藝的→喜歡園藝的原因→打理自己花園的方式→喜歡園藝的益處。采用遞進式結構的說明文的主旨大意多在尾段，有時行文也會采用首尾呼應的方式，此時可同時分析文章的開頭和結尾來提煉主旨。如本文的開頭和結尾均引用了《秘密花園》中的相關語句來烘托主題，這種首尾呼應的寫作方法讓文章結構更加緊密，主題更加突出。課文寫法借鑒(一)賞用詞之妙1．Eachspring,childrenplantsunflowersandwaittoseewhichoneisthetallest.賞析：本句描寫了春天孩子們參加園藝活動的情景，動詞短語waittosee寫出了孩子們等候向日葵快點長成的那種迫不及待的心理。2．Expertgardenersknowjusttherightcornerforroses,andothersspendhourstryingtogrowperfectvegetablestoenterintocompetitions.賞析：前半句中的know在此有“了如指掌”的意思，寫出了高明的園丁對自己的園藝技能的自信。后半句中的spendhours及perfect寫出了英國人對園藝活動高漲的熱情和付出的努力。提能訓練|完成句子①Let'sputthechalkintothewaterand

.讓我們把粉筆放進水中，等著看看會發(fā)生什么。②I'dprefertoreservejudgementuntil

.在了解全部事實之前我不想發(fā)表意見。③Hewould

onlineuntilhechose

.他會在網上花幾個小時直到挑選到完美的產品。wait

to

see

what

will

happenI

know

all

the

factsspend

hoursperfect

products(二)賞句式之高1．ThesewordscomefromtheauthorofthebookThe

Secret

Garden,firstpublishedin1911.賞析：本句中firstpublishedin1911是過去分詞短語作后置定語，進一步介紹了《秘密花園》這本書的有關情況，相當于定語從句whichwasfirstpublishedin1911，但是相比于從句，分詞的用法令句式更凝練，表達更高效。2．AndwhilemanyBritslikenothingbetterthanspendingtheirSundaycuttingthegrass,somearehappyjusttositunderthebranchesofthetreesandenjoythebeautyoftheworldaroundthem.賞析：本句中使用了while引導讓步狀語從句，nothingbetterthan屬于“否定詞＋比較級”表示最高級含義的用法，tositunderthebranchesofthetreesandenjoy...為動詞不定式在句中做原因狀語，各種高級句式的混用提升了表達的層次，寫出了英國人對園藝的熱愛以及不同的人擁有不同的享受園藝的方式。3．Thosewithoutoutsidespacecanrentsmallpiecesoflandonwhichtogrowthings.賞析：本句中withoutoutsidespace是介詞短語作定語，onwhich...是“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句的省略結構。介詞短語和省略結構的運用起到了化繁為簡的作用，令表達更簡潔高效。①(完成句子)

,Icanseehisshortcomings.盡管我承認他的優(yōu)點，但我還是能看到他的缺點。②(句式升級)Frommypointofview,healthisthemostimportantthinginourdailylife.→Frommypointofview，

inourdailylife.提能訓練While

I

admit

his

good

pointsnothing

is

more

important

than

health③(句式升級)Weneedsomesolidfactsonwhichwecouldbaseourdecision.→Weneedsomesolidfacts

baseourdecision.(升級為省略句)on

which

to(三)賞修辭之功Today,millionsofBritsliketosaythattheyhave“greenfingers”，witharoundhalfthepopulationspendingtheirfreetimegardening.賞析：本句中的“greenfingers”

表示“綠手指(意為擅長園藝)”，使用了借代的修辭手法，表示對喜歡園藝的人的稱贊。借代修辭手法可以達到“以簡代繁，以實代虛，以奇代凡，以事代情”的效果，恰當?shù)剡\用該修辭手法可以讓表達特點鮮明、具體生動。①Iknowthathisfatherhasgreenfingers.我知道他爸爸擅長園藝。②Grayhairshouldberespected.老年人應受到尊敬。③Nocross,nocrown.沒有苦就沒有甜。提能訓練|英譯漢(四)賞邏輯之巧

Aswellasbeinggoodfortheenvironment,gardeningisalsogoodforthesoul.Whatotherfree-timeactivityallowsyoutobeatonewithnatureandcreatemorebeautifullivingthings?Andifyou'reinanydoubtaboutthis,takeamomenttoreflectonthislinefromThe

Secret

Garden：“Whereyoutendarose...Athistlecannotgrow.”賞析：文中第一句作者使用了aswellas及also進一步描述了園藝的優(yōu)點。而后采用設問的方式引發(fā)讀者思考，加深對文章主題的探討。繼而又使用and,if等連接詞引導問題持續(xù)展開，最后借助名著中一句引言做出總結，給出答案。整個行文邏輯緊密、逐層深入，自然流暢地點明了文章主題。Aswellasbeinggoodatsinging,heisalsogoodatdancing.Andifhetakespartinthetalentshow,hewillsurelygetthefirstprize.他不但擅長唱歌，而且也擅長跳舞。如果他參加才藝表演，他一定會獲得一等獎。提能訓練|英譯漢課時跟蹤檢測Ⅰ.閱讀理解AYoumighthaveheardalotaboutancienttownsandancientcitiesinChina.Here,welistseveralofthemostbeautifulancientvillagesinChina.BaoshanStoneCity,YunnanProvinceBaoshanStoneCitywasbuiltonahugemushroom-shapedrock,andonlyhasaboutonehundredhouses.Thehousesarelaidoutinanorderlyway,builtontherock,andlinkedbystonesteps.TheNaxipeopletherestillleadanoriginallifeandgrowcropsinterraces;youcanexperiencethecolorfulcultureoftheNaxiethnicgroupthere.TuvasVillageinKanas,XinjiangKanasTuvasVillageisnearthemysteriousLakeKanas.Thesmallvillageislocatedinavalley,andonlyhasabout80houses.TheseSwiss-stylewoodenhousesareallsurroundedbywoodenfences.Tuvasisanancientminoritygroup.Theytraditionallylivedashunter-gathers.Youcanvisitalocalfamily,goherding(放牧)withthelocalsandexperiencethepeacefulancientvillagelife.JiajuTibetanVillage,Danba,SichuanProvinceJiajuTibetanVillageisknownasthe“Tibetanfairyland”.Itstandsonamountainslope,andconsistsofabout140houses.Theseuniquehousesareallbuiltwithcrown-shapedroofs,redeaves,andwhitewalls,whichmakethehouseslooklikelittlecastlesamongtheforest.XijiangMiaoVillage,GuizhouProvinceIfyou'reinterestedintheMiaominority,XijiangMiaoVillagecanbeagreatdestinationfordeepeningyourunderstandingofMiaohistoryandculture.It'sthelargestMiaovillageinChina,andnowhas1,432householdswithapopulationofover5,000,ofwhich99.5%areMiaoethnicgroup.It'salsofamousforthehousesbuiltonstilts(支柱)ofdifferentheights.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國幾個最美麗的古村落。1．WhatcanyoudoinKanasTuvasVillage?A．Hikeinterraces.B．Seehousesofaforeignstyle.C．Gohuntingwiththelocals.D．Learnabouthousesbuiltonstilts.√解析：細節(jié)理解題。由TuvasVillageinKanas,Xinjiang中的“TheseSwiss-style...fences.”可知，這些瑞士風格的木屋都被木柵欄環(huán)繞著。所以在KanasTuvasVillage能夠看到外國風格的房子。2．Wherecanyouadmirethehouseslikecastles?A．InBaoshanStoneCity.B．InKanasTuvasVillage.C．InJiajuTibetanVillage.D．InXijiangMiaoVillage.√解析：細節(jié)理解題。由JiajuTibetanVillage,Danba,SichuanProvince中的“Theseunique...theforest.”可知，這些獨特的房子都是用皇冠形的屋頂、紅色的屋檐和白色的墻壁建造而成的，看起來像森林中的小城堡。所以在JiajuTibetanVillage可以欣賞到像城堡一樣的房子。3．Whatcanweinferaboutthevillagesmentionedinthetext?A．Theyremainedsecrettotheoutsideworldinthepast.B．Theywereoriginallybuilttodefendtheirhomeland.C．Theyarestillcutoffanddifficulttoaccessnowadays.D．Theyaretheethnicvillageswithuniquearchitecture.√解析：推理判斷題。由BaoshanStoneCity部分可知，在寶山石城可以體驗納西族豐富多彩的文化。由TuvasVillageinKanas部分可知，圖瓦斯是一個古老的少數(shù)民族。由JiajuTibetanVillage可知，這里的房子看起來像森林中的小城堡。由XijiangMiaoVillage中的“It'sthelargestMiaovillage...group.”可知它是中國最大的苗族村寨，其中苗族占99.5%。綜上所述可推知，它們是有著獨特建筑的民族村落。BSomebreathtakingbluelakesmaynotbesoblueinthefuture,thankstoclimatechange.Inthefirstglobalrecordoflakecolor,researchersfindthatroughlyone-thirdofEarth'slakesareblue.But,shouldaveragesummerairtemperaturesrisebyafewdegrees,someofthoseclearwaterscouldturnacloudygreenorbrown,theteamreportsintheSept.28GeophysicalResearchLetters.Thechangingcolorscouldchangehowpeopleusethosewatersandofferinformationaboutthebalanceoflakeecosystems.Lakecolordependsinpartonwhat'sinthewater,butfactorssuchaswaterdepthandsurroundinglandusealsomatter.Comparedwithbluelakes,greenorbrownlakeshavemorealgae(水藻)andorganicmatter,saysoneoftheresearchers.Thescientiststhenlookatlocalclimatesduringthattimetoseehowtheymaybelinkedtolakecoloraroundtheworld.Lakesinplaceswithaveragesummerairtemperaturesthatwasbelow19℃weremorelikelytobebluethanlakeswithwarmersummers,theresearchersfind.“Ifaveragesummertemperaturesincreaseanother3℃—anamountthatscientiststhinkispossiblebytheendofthecentury—those3,800lakescouldturngreenorbrown.That'sbecausewarmerwaterhelpsalgaeproducemoreflowers,whichchangesthequalitiesofthewater,givingitagreen-browncolor，”Yangsays.“Ifsomelakesdobecomelessblue,peoplewillprobablylosesomeoftheresourcestheyhavecometovalue，”saysO'Reilly,ascientistatSouthernMethodistUniversityinDallss.Butthecolorchangeswouldn'tnecessarilymeanthatthelakesareanylesshealthy.“Humansdon'tvaluelotsofalgaeinalake,butifyou'reacertaintypeoffishspecies,youmightlikethisgreat,”O(jiān)'Reillysays.Lakecolorcanhintatthebalanceofalake'secosystemanditgivessicknessabasichintforassessinghowclimatechangeisaffectingEarth'sfreshwaterresources.Continuedincreasingoflakescouldhelpscientistsdiscoverfuturechanges.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。研究小組在地球物理研究通訊中報告說，如果夏季平均氣溫上升幾度，那么一些純凈的水就會變成綠色或棕色，湖泊的顏色可以暗示湖泊生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的平衡。4．Whichfactorconnectinglakecolorisn'tmentioned?A．Waterdepth.B．People'suseofwater.C．Surroundinglanduse.D．Contentsinthewater.√解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段的“Lakecolordependsinpartonwhat'sinthewater,butfactorssuchaswaterdepthandsurroundinglandusealsomatter.”可知，水深、周圍土地利用和水的成分與湖泊的顏色相聯(lián)系，所以人們對水的利用沒有提及。故選B項。5．Whycouldlakecolorchangeifaveragesummertemperaturesriseby3℃？A．Becausepeoplewilllosewhattheyvalue.B．Becausethequantitiesofthewaterarechanged.C．Becausealgaegrowmoreinwarmerwater.D．Because3800lakescouldturngreenorbrown.√解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據文中第四段Yang說的話可知，如果夏季平均氣溫上升3℃，湖泊顏色會發(fā)生變化，是因為藻類在溫暖的水中生長得更多。故選C項。6．WhatisO'Reilly'sattitudetowardcolorchangeofthelakes?A．Doubtful. B．Positive.C．Disapproving. D．Objective.解析：推理判斷題。根據第五段及最后一段可知，在奧萊利看來，湖泊的顏色的變化未必就是一種災難，要視情況而言，所以對于湖水顏色的變化，奧萊利的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選D項?！?．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Climatechangecouldchangelakecolor.B．Lakecolorshowstheheathconditionsoflakes.C．Thechangeoflakecoloraffectsthelakeecosystem.D．Colorchangeinlakesdoesharmtotheenvironment.√解析：主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了在第一個湖泊顏色的全球記錄中，研究人員估計大約三分之一的地球湖泊是藍色的，但是，研究小組在地球物理研究通訊中報告說，如果夏季平均氣溫上升幾度，那么一些純凈的水就會變成綠色或棕色，湖泊的顏色可以暗示湖泊生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的平衡，它為評估氣候變化如何影響地球淡水資源提供了基礎，湖泊的持續(xù)增加可以幫助科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)未來的變化，所以氣候變化可能會改變湖泊的顏色。故選A項。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五Riversplayanimportantroleontheearth,andwecan'timaginewhattheearthwouldbelikewithoutrivers.8Withalengthof6,670kilometers,theNileisthelongestriverintheworld.TheNileRiverhasbeenthesourceofhumancivilizationsinceancienttimes.TheNilehastwomainbranches—theWhiteNileandtheBlueNile.TheWhiteNilestartsfromtheGreatLakesregionofEastandCentralAfricathroughLakeVictoria.9TheBlueNilecarrieswithitalotoffertilesoilwhichturnsouttobeveryimportanttofarminginEgypt.TheAmazonRiveristheworld'slargestriverwithawidthofabout40kilometersduringtherainyseasonsbutabout10kilometerswidewhenitisnotflooded.TheAmazonRiverhassuchabigwatervolumethatitaccountsfor(占……比例)morethan20%ofalltheworld'sfreshwater—farmorethananyotherriver.10ThemainAmazo