講師:蔡利煌(LouisTsai)2008/3/26觸控面板原理與技術(shù)觸控技術(shù)依感應(yīng)原理可分為電阻式（Resistive）電容式（Capacitive）音波式（SurfaceAcousticWave）紅外線式(IR)光學(xué)式（Optics）等本文將針對(duì)公共使用（PublicApplication）層面應(yīng)用較廣的電阻式技術(shù)原理作介紹。

WhatisaResistiveSensor是由一層導(dǎo)電玻璃(ITOglass)及一層導(dǎo)電薄膜(ITOFilm)所組成Allowsfinger,gloved-hand,andstylusinputapplications市場(chǎng)推動(dòng)方向?yàn)?運(yùn)用於攜帶型行動(dòng),公共領(lǐng)域,軍用,醫(yī)療,特殊環(huán)境等觸控面板之結(jié)構(gòu)主要可以分成三大部分：面板、控制系統(tǒng)與軟體，控制系統(tǒng)與軟體主要是計(jì)算碰觸之位置並將所代表之指令訊號(hào)傳予系統(tǒng)後加以動(dòng)作，其牽涉到IC控制與軟體設(shè)計(jì)DrivercdTouchPanelcontroller異方性導(dǎo)電膠(ACF)

隔點(diǎn)(DOTSPACER)膠(ADHESIVE)導(dǎo)電薄膜(ITOFILM)導(dǎo)電玻璃(ITOGLASS)絕緣(ISOLATION)

導(dǎo)電層(ITO)銀線觸控面板架構(gòu)排線(TAIL)導(dǎo)電薄膜(ITOFILM)絕緣油墨(ISOLATIONINK)銀膠(SILVERPASTE).膠(ADHESIVE)排線(TAIL)導(dǎo)電玻璃(ITOGLASS)隔點(diǎn)(DOTSPACER)絕緣油墨(ISOLATIONINK)銀膠(SILVERPASTE).膠(ADHESIVE)觸控面板展開(kāi)圖導(dǎo)電薄膜ITOFILM下料IssueMaterials絕緣切割I(lǐng)solationCutting絕緣印刷IsolationPrinting銀線印刷SilverPastePrinting貼護(hù)膜FilmProtect膠印刷AdhesivePrinting切割FilmCutting檢驗(yàn)Inspection導(dǎo)電玻璃ITOGLASS下料IssueMaterials清洗Cleaning防蝕印刷E/MPrinting蝕刻去墨Etching&Stripping銀線印刷SilverPastePrinting檢驗(yàn)Inspection切割GlassCutting絕緣印刷IsolationPrinting排線壓合TailLamination組合F&GAssembly線性測(cè)試LinearityTest上加強(qiáng)膠UVGlueOverlay檢驗(yàn)Inspection包裝Package出貨Shipping排線

TAIL膠印刷AdhesivePrinting隔點(diǎn)印刷DotPrinting老化anneal可撥膠印刷SMPrinting觸控面板製作流程電阻式觸控面板動(dòng)作原理Cross-sectionalViewFilm–thin

plastictopsheetITOglassSpacerdotsAdhesiveSilverPasteIsolationConductiveCoatings

onTopsheetand

bottomlayerFingerorpenflexestopsheettocontactbottomlayerTheoryofDataReading-1ReadingY-PositionxyInputVoltagePointoftouchVoutTheoryofDataReading-2ReadingX-PositionInputVoltageVoutPointoftouchxyX軸方向以表面薄膜(ITOFilm)為主Y軸方向以表面薄膜(ITOGlass)為主5V4V3V2V1V0V13245v4v3v2v1v4Wire動(dòng)作原理DesignGuide依客戶需求設(shè)計(jì)，目前可提供樣品尺寸大小為1.5”~21”之間。ViewingAreaTouchPanel之不透明的區(qū)域，此區(qū)域須確保外殼完全覆蓋，避免有裸露的情形，一般可設(shè)計(jì)與LCDV/A相同。TransparentArea

介於ViewingArea與Activearea之間，此區(qū)域最主要是為防止組裝不良的偏移而導(dǎo)致TouchPanel短路而設(shè)計(jì)，一般為ViewingArea往外0.5,ActiveArea往外0.3mm。預(yù)留此區(qū)域，可令I(lǐng)TO-FILMCrack達(dá)到最小ActiveArea

實(shí)際LCDICON設(shè)計(jì)之動(dòng)作區(qū)，亦是TouchPanel動(dòng)作保證區(qū)，一般而言TouchPanel之ActiveArea會(huì)比LCD之ActiveArea來(lái)得大0.3mm。DesignGuideSuggestMechanicalDesignTouchPanel有g(shù)ap約0.3~0.7mm，請(qǐng)勿直接接觸film表面，避免有誤動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生?？沙淌骄€性測(cè)試機(jī)可程式控制技測(cè)試機(jī)恆溫恆濕機(jī),高溫試驗(yàn)機(jī),低溫試驗(yàn)機(jī),冷熱衝擊試驗(yàn)機(jī)做動(dòng)力測(cè)試機(jī),作動(dòng)時(shí)間測(cè)試機(jī)透光率測(cè)試機(jī)打點(diǎn)測(cè)試機(jī)絕緣壽命測(cè)試機(jī)可程式震動(dòng)測(cè)試機(jī),靜態(tài)荷重測(cè)試器,撞擊測(cè)試器,繞折測(cè)試器表面硬度測(cè)試器品質(zhì)控管主要測(cè)試設(shè)備出廠前的全檢,是理義對(duì)客戶的承諾與自我的要求.LiyitecTouchPanelSpecificationsMechanical

Optical

Electrical

Cosmetic

EnvironmentalMechanicalCharacteristicItemConditionSpecification(1)Oper.ForceStylusR0.8≦50g(2)Impact22ψsteelball,45g,Height30cm1time,nodamage(3)HardnessMeetJISK5400≧3H(4)StaticLoad25kgat10ψareafor30secSatisfy(1)andelec.characteristic(5)KnockR8rubberTip,250g1,000,000timesSatisfy(1)andelec.characteristicOpticalCharacteristicItemConditionSpecification(1)TransparencyByBYK-Gardnerinstrument≧82%(Above)(2)NewtonRing17wfluorescentlamp,30cmawayfromeyesAsperactualsamplesprovideElectricalCharacteristicItemSpecification(1)Linearity≦1.5%(2)Insulation≧20MΩ(3)ContactBounce≦30msEnvironmentCharacteristicItemTemperatureHumidity(1)Operation-20℃~+70℃20%~85%RH(2)Storage-30℃~+80℃10%~90%RHDefectMode外觀異常(點(diǎn),線,面)線性異常(線性偏移)X,Y絕緣異常與接地線短路FPCBondingAreatracecrackNoiseissue外觀異常(刮傷)Checktheoutline:

TheoutlinehasNewtonringatcenterpositionofT/P.2.Analysis&Verification外觀異常(Newtonring)FailureMechanismExplanation:

ThestructureofbetweenT/PandLCDasbelowfigure,wethinktheNewtonringwascausedbyT/PtooneartheLCDatcenterposition.crosssectionpaneldoubletapefrontbezeldoubletapeT/PNewtonring牛頓環(huán)產(chǎn)生原因中文說(shuō)明在光學(xué)上，牛頓環(huán)是一個(gè)薄膜干涉現(xiàn)象。將一塊平凸透鏡放在一塊平面透鏡上，將單色光直射向凸鏡，可以觀察到一個(gè)個(gè)圓環(huán)條紋?？紤]空氣射入平凸透鏡時(shí)的反射光和平面透鏡的內(nèi)部反射的光發(fā)生干涉（注意，由空氣射入平凸透鏡時(shí)的反射，以及平面透鏡的內(nèi)部反射光是不在考慮之列的）。空氣射入平凸透鏡時(shí)的反射光有180度相位改變。平凸透鏡和平面透鏡之間的空間薄膜的距離：當(dāng)相長(zhǎng)干涉發(fā)生時(shí):文件參考:牛頓環(huán)-WikipediaMeasuredtheT/Plinearityfunction,thelinearityfunctionshowedoutofspecification.Andthemeasurementdatawasshownasfollowingtable.Accordingtothemeasurementresult,theT/Pofreturnedsampleswasabnormal.Diagram:frontsideMeasureareaXdirectionYdirectionLinelineartest#1ResultSpecificationX-1.5%<X<+1.5%Y-1.5%<Y<+1.5%Testforce80gX0.72%NGY2.04%NG90gX0.72%PassY2.04%NG100gX0.72%PassY2.06%NG110gX0.72%PassY2.03%NG120gX0.69%PassY2.01%NG線性異常(線性偏移)80g100g120gX,Y絕緣異常Theisolationresistance(X,Y)wasabnormal(short).SilverbarabnormalXL–XR(SPEC:200~1300)YL---YU(SPEC:200~1300)XL--YL(SPEC:>20Mohm)XL--Yu(SPEC:>20Mohm)XR---YL(SPEC:>20Mohm)XR---Yu(SPEC:>20Mohm)Sample1627ohm424ohm614

ohm1.06k

ohm14

ohm438

ohmSample2614ohm417ohm4.41k

ohm4kohm5k

ohm4.6k

ohmYUXLYLXRWecheckedtheunknownmatterbyEDX,thiswasNaandClelement,sowethoughtitwassalt.NaClX,Y絕緣異常Step3:Measuredisolationresistance:CheckedIsolationresistanceofT/P(X,Y):Thesewerenormal.MeasuredresistanceofT/PwithLCMGND:WefoundYuandYdpinoftouchpanelwithGND(shieldcase)wasshort.TheYupinwithGNDshort14.7Ω

YuYDXRXLTheXRpinwasnormal.TheXLpinwasnormal.TheYdpinwithGNDshortWefoundFPCawithshieldcasewasoverlapbyOMchecked.Thenormalsamplewithagap(0.32mm)betweenFPCaandshieldcase.Thispositionwasnogap.AbnormalsampleThecheckT/Photbararea.NormalsampleGap0.32mmShieldcaseFPCaShieldcaseFPCaStep4:CheckedHotbararea:與接地線短路Step5:Removedshieldcase

:Removeshieldcase,measuredYu/YdbetweenGNDresistance,itwasopen.CheckedFPCaandgroundwasshownopen.Step6:CheckedFPCa:a.CheckedT/PhotbarareaedgeofFPCawascouldmeasuredtheterminalresistance.b.FoundCuwasnakedoutofFPCaatT/PhotbarareaedgebyOMchecked.XRXLYuYDThetopviewcheckCucondition:CuCuCuCu50xTheFPCaedgecouldmeasuredtheterminalresistance.Step7:ComparedFPCaassembly:Thispositionwasnogap.AbnormalsampleNormalsampleGapThedownsiteassembly.Theupsiteassembly.CheckFPCaassembly:Thedefectsampleassemblyatframeupside,butnormalsampleassemblyatframedownsite.ThedifferentassemblycausedtoFPCaedgeoverlapshieldcase.a.Theresistanceswasshowopenwhenmeasuringfromhotbarareatoshieldcase.Butresistanceswasbecameshortwhenpressingshieldcase.b.Thesamplesassemblytocustomermachinecouldreproducedefectphenomenon.So,ThedefectwascausedbyT/PofFPCaedgewasshortwithshieldcase.

AssemblytosmartphonetheT/PwasNG.DefectEnhance&Reproducemethod:N/AThisnopresswasnormal.Thepressshieldcasewasabnormal.FPCaoverlap.DescriptionofphenomenonDefectmode:MA53

TouchpanelnofunctiononLGEin-linefail.ThedefectpanelwasshowedT/Pnofunction與接地線短路2-5.Checkopen/shortongoldfinger:wefoundXRorXLhadshortwithGND.(resistance~38Kohm),normalsamplewasopen(megaohm)2-6.ChecktheXL/XR/YU/YLtraceandsolderingareaonFPCabyX-ray,butwecouldnotfindanyshortarea.XLYLYUXR#1(XLshortwithGND)X-rayinspectionOMinspectionUnit:ohmCheckedtheimpedanceofgoldfingersidewithmulti-meter,theXsideimpedanceshowedopen.Andthemeasurementresultwasshownasfollowingtable.(Impedancespec.oftpo：100Ω≦X≦1100Ω100Ω≦Y≦1100Ω)MeasurementpointsGoldfingerSampleT/PimpedanceResultXY#1Open397.4ΩNGY-impedanceX-impedanceFPCBondingareaUsedOMtochecktheXR

hotbarpinofT/PFPC,theXRpinshowedcrack.Andtheobservationresultwasshowedasthefollowingpictures.

Accordingtothemeasurement,experimentandobservationresult,theT/Pfunctionfailphenomenon

resultedfromXRhotbarpincrackissue.CrackXRNoiseissue:Staticelectricitybetweenpanel&T/Psurface3.Thenoisewasabout10.3dBwhenthepanelwasmeasuredbytheATS-2(NoiseAudioTestSystem)asthebelowfigure.

(tpospecificationNoise<10dB)About10.3dB4.ThestaticelectricityweremeasuredonthesurfaceofT/P(glassside)andpanelwithElectrostaticfield-meterwhenT/Pandpanelhasalreadybeentakenapart.Usingion-fantoremovestaticelectricityandmeasuredstaticelectronicagain.

Thestaticelectricityweredecreasingwhenusedtheion-fan,themeasuredatawasshownasthebelowtable.T/PsurfacePanelsurfaceBeforeusingion-fan0.630.15Afterusingion-fan(about3minutes)0.050.03units:KV/inch