大學(xué)生反事實思維特點對心理健康影響的研究及教育建議摘要本研究以某大學(xué)不同年級學(xué)生為被試，以自測心理健康量表和反事實思維問卷為研究工具，隨機(jī)抽取350名大學(xué)生進(jìn)行問卷調(diào)查，獲得有效問卷280份，采用自我報告法、故事情境法與問卷調(diào)查法相結(jié)合的方法，通過獨立樣本t檢驗、ANOVA檢驗等檢驗方法，進(jìn)一步探討大學(xué)生誘發(fā)反事實思維、自發(fā)反事實思維特點及其與心理健康的相互關(guān)系，得出如下結(jié)論：（1）大學(xué)生反事實思維類型在不同性質(zhì)情境下差異顯著：方向上，在積極情境下，上行反事實思維少于下行，在消極情境下則相反；策略上，大學(xué)生兩種情境下的自我指向的反事實思維都多于他人指向。此外，在性別以及是否應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生上差異顯著：誘發(fā)狀態(tài)下，女生的上行反事實思維多于男生，男生的下行反事實思維多于女生；自發(fā)狀態(tài)下，非應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生方向上的反事實思維以及他人指向的反事實思維都多于應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生。（2）大學(xué)生心理健康水平在性別、是否應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生、是否獨生子女及家庭結(jié)構(gòu)上差異顯著：女生的認(rèn)知功能高于男生；應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生的心理癥狀與負(fù)性情緒以及認(rèn)知功能明顯高于非應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生；獨生子女的心理健康總分及正向情緒高于非獨生子女；正常家庭的大學(xué)生心理健康總分高于單親家庭。（3）誘發(fā)狀態(tài)下，大學(xué)生不同方向的反事實思維類型與心理健康總分存在部分相關(guān)：積極情境下，上行反事實思維越多，總分越高；下行反事實思維越多，總分越低；自我指向的反事實思維越少，總分越高，而他人指向的反事實思維越多，總分越高。此外，誘發(fā)狀態(tài)下，后悔越強(qiáng)烈，心理癥狀與負(fù)性情緒越多；消極情境下，慶幸越少，心理健康總分越高，心理癥狀與負(fù)性情緒越少；積極情境下，后悔越強(qiáng)烈，認(rèn)知功能越好。（4）自發(fā)狀態(tài)下，大學(xué)生反事實思維類型與心理健康各維度存在部分相關(guān)：積極情境下，上行反事實思維越多，正向情緒越少，心理癥狀與負(fù)性情緒越多，認(rèn)知功能越差；積極情境下，自我指向反事實思維越少，認(rèn)知功能越好。消極情境下，自發(fā)反事實思維數(shù)量越少，正向情緒越多；積極情境下，自發(fā)反事實思維數(shù)量越少，認(rèn)知功能越好。【關(guān)鍵詞】大學(xué)生反事實思維心理健康A(chǔ)StudyontheInfluenceofCollegeStudents'CounterfactualThinkingonMentalHealthandeducationaladviceAbstractInthisstudy,350studentswererandomlyselectedfromthequestionnaireoftheuniversitystudentswithdifferentgradesasthesubjects,andtheself-testmentalhealthscaleandthecounterfactualquestionnairewereusedastheresearchtools,280questionnaireswereobtained.Usingself-reportingmethod,storysituationalmethodandquestionnairesurveymethod,ThispaperadoptstheindependentsampleTtest,ANOVAtestandothertestmethodstofurtherexplorethecollegestudents'inducedcounterfactualthinking,spontaneouscounterfactualthinkingcharacteristicsandtheirrelationshipwithmentalhealth,drawthefollowingconclusions:(1)Thetypesofcounterfactualthinkingofcollegestudentsaredifferentindifferentcontexts:aboutthedirectionofcounterfactualthinking,inthepositivesituation,upwardcounterfactualthinkingmorethandownward,negativesituationisopposite;aboutthestrategyofcounterfactualthinking,self-focusedcounterfactualthinkingofCollegeStudentsundertwosituationsaremorethanotherstoother-focoused.Inaddition,thetypeofanti-factualthinkingofcollegestudentsinthegenderandwhetherthegraduatesweresignificantdifference:intheinducedstate,girls'upwardcounterfactualthinkingmorethanboys',boys'downwardcounterfactualthinkingmorethangirls';inthespontaneousstate,nongraduates'upwardanddownwardcounterfactualthinking,other-focousedcounterfactualthinkingmorethangraduates'.(2)Thelevelofmentalhealthofcollegestudentsinthegender,whethergraduates,whethertheonlychildandfamilystructuredifferenceissignificant:girls'cognitivefunctionishigherthanboys';psychologicalsymptoms,negativeemotionsandcognitivefunctionoffreshgraduatesaresignificantlyhigherthannon-freshgraduates.Thetotalscoreofmentalhealthoftheonlychildishigherthanthatofthesingleparentfamily.Thetotalscoreofthementalhealthofthenormalfamilyishigherthanthatofthesingleparentfamily.(3)Intheinducedsituation,theanti-factualthinkingtypeofcollegestudentsindifferentdirectionsispartlyrelatedtothetotalscoreofmentalhealth:inthepositivesituation,themoretheupwardcounterfactualthinkingis,thehigherthetotalscoreis;themorethedownwardcounterfactualthinkingis,thelowerthetotalscoreis;themoretheself-focusedcounterfactualthinkingis,thelowerthetotalscoreis;themoretheother-focusedcounterfactualthinkingis,thehigherthetotalscoreis.Inaddition,themorestronglyregretis,themorepsychologicalsymptomsandnegativeemotionsare;inthenegativesituation,themorefortunateis,thehigherthetotalscoreofmentalhealthis,thelesspsychologicalsymptomsandnegativeemotionsare;inthepositivesituation,themoreintenseregretis,thebetterthecognitivefunctionis.(4)Inthespontaneousstate,thetypeofcounterfactualthinkingofcollegestudentsispartlyrelatedtothedimensionsofmentalhealth:Inthepositivesituation,themoreupwardcounterfactualthinkingis,thelessthepositivemoodis,themorepsychologicalsymptomsandnegativeemotionsare,theworsethecognitivefunctionis;thelessself-focusedcounterfactualthinkingis,thebetterthecognitivefunctionis.Inthenegativesituation,thelessthenumberofspontaneouscounterfactualthinkingis,themorepositiveemotionsare;