Chapter1Introduction

C++程序設計課程介紹課程介紹C++語法基礎面向對象程序設計的概念大量的編程實踐目標熟練掌握C++語法具有面向對象程序設計的概念與能力能熟練閱讀復雜的C++程序源代碼能獨立的設計與完成面向對象的C++程序1.1Whatisacomputerprogram?computerprogram：Acomputerperformsallofthesetasksbyfollowingapredefinedsetofinstructions.computercomputerprogramcookerrecipeprogramminglanguagehigh-levellanguagesNaturelanguagemachinelanguagelow-levellanguagescompiler1.2DevelopingacomputerprogramDevelopingacomputerprogram:defineandunderstandtheproblemtobesolved----Analysisphasehowisittobedone?-----designphasewriting,compilingandtestingC++programs.1.2.1ProgramdevelopmentcycleStep1:Designtheprogram.Eachprogramhastobeindividuallydesignedtoimplementtheoverallsolutiondevelopedattheanalysisanddesignphases.checkitslogicbeforestartingtowritetheprogram1.2DevelopingacomputerprogramStep2:Writetheprogram.theC++programinstructionsaretypedintoafileusingatexteditor

sourcecodeortheprogramcode

sourcefile

Step3:Compiletheprogram.translatetheC++programinstructionstomachineinstructionsthroughacompiler--objectcode,andstorestheobjectcodeinanobjectfile.errors----compile-timeerrorsyntaxerror:missingpunctuation,misspellings,…warningmessageisnotasseriousasasyntaxerrorandwillnotpreventtheprogramfrombeingcompiledmaybeaproblemandshouldbeinvestigated1.2DevelopingacomputerprogramStep4:Linktheprogram.combiningtheobjectfileoftheprogramwithotherobjectfilesfromtheC++run-timelibrarytoformanexecutablefileStep5:Testtheprogram.Whentheprogramisrunyoumayfindthatitisnotworkingasexpected.aprogramdoesnothaveanycompile-timeerrorsdoesnotguaranteethattheprogramwillworkasrequiredrun-timeerror—causestheprogramtostopbeforeithascompleteditstasklogicerrors(bugs)---Theprogrammaycompleteitstaskbutproduceincorrectresults1.2DevelopingacomputerprogramStep6:Debugtheprogram.TheprocessoflocatingandcorrectingprogramerrorsiscalleddebuggingManycompilershavetoolsthatcanbeusedtohelplocatebugs.Correctingbugsinvolvesgoingbacktostep2,trytocatcherrorsasearlyaspossible1.2DevelopingacomputerprogramProgramdevelopmentcycleDesignWriteDebugCompileLink提出整體解決方案Test編寫C++指令

源文件編譯器把C++程序指令轉換成機器指令

目標文件糾正編譯時錯誤鏈接器將程序目標文件和C++運行時庫文件結合

可執(zhí)行文件定位和修正程序錯誤確認程序錯誤（bug）Correct1.3LearningC++AsuccessfulapproachtolearningtoprograminC++dependsonlargeamountsofpractice.exercisesattheendofeachchapter.solutionstoselectedexercisesareatthewebsiteforthisbook.1.4BriefhistoryofC++1972，AT&T,BellLab.DennisRitche,Cprogramminglanguage1980,BellLab.Bjarne

Stroustrup,“CwithClasses”

1983,C++wasdevelopedbyBjarne

StrostrupatAT&TBellLaboratories1985,thefirstcommercialversionofC++1997,ANSI(AmericanNationalStandardsInstitute)C++(standardC++)1.6ANSI/ISOC++standard（ANSI/ISOC++標準）TheexampleprogramsusedinthisbookconformtotheANSI/ISOC++standard.Notallcompilersconformtothisstandard,sosomecomp