選修8Unit3強化2次練一、單元基礎(chǔ)訓練(限時25分鐘)Ⅰ.翻譯句子......孩子分辨好壞。(distinguish...from...)Children_should_be_taught_to_distinguish_right_from_wrong._2．似乎你是第一個到這兒的。(seemasif)It_seems_as_if_you_are_the_first_one_here.3．她一到家就開始準備午飯。(setabout)As_soon_as_she_got_home,_she_set_about_preparing_lunch.4．你明天開工方便嗎？(convenient)Will_it_be_convenient_for_you_to_start_work_tomorrow?5．吉姆習慣于早上早起。(beusedto)Jim_is_used_to_getting_up_early_in_the_morning.6．他們正在進行癌癥起因的研究。(researchinto/on)They_are_carrying_out_a_research_into/on_the_causes_of_cancer.7．如果你不專心學習的話，你絕不可能通過考試。(never放句首)Never_can_you_pass_the_exam_if_you_don't_devote_yourself_to_your_study.8．直到他完成了作業(yè)，他才上床睡覺。...t...until的強調(diào)句)It_was_not_until_he_finished_his_homework_that_he_went_to_bed.9．大多數(shù)家庭在那場戰(zhàn)爭中經(jīng)歷了很多(苦難)。(gothrough)Most_families_went_through_a_lot_in_the_war.10．當被提供幫助時，我們應(yīng)該說“謝謝你”。(過去分詞作狀語)When_offered_help,_we_should_say_“thank_you”．Ⅱ.完形填空Resealable(可密封的)plasticbags—sometimescalledbyabrandname,suchasZiploc?—arethoselittleclearplasticbagsyouusetokeepyoursandwichesandchipsfresh.Theyusuallyhavesomesortofsealingmechanism,likeaplasticzipper,whichallowsyoutosealthebagtokeep__1__out.Keepingairawayfrom__2__allowsthemtostayfreshlonger.Bacteriaandotherorganismsintheairwill__3__fooditemsovertimeifallowedtoeinto__4__withthem.Sealedplasticbagskeeptheseorganisms__5__gettingtoyourfood.Resealableplasticbagscanbeusedformorethanjust__6__sandwiches,chipsandsnackstoschoolforlunch.They'realsousedtokeepleftovers__7__intherefrigerator.Manypeoplealsousethemto__8__foodinthefreezerforuseinthefuture.The__9__oftheresealableplasticbagstartedoutin1951atapanynamedFlexigrip,Inc.Flexigrip__10__aplasticzipperfrompatentswhichwasboughtfrom__11__BorgeMadsen.Thesezipperswere__12__usedaspartsofbindersandbriefcases.Overtime,__13__，plasticzipperbagsweredeveloped.Eventually,in1968,DowChemicalpany__14__tomarketitsZiploc?brandofresealableplasticbagstogrocerystores.Theyturnedouttobevery__15__.Today,thesetypesofbagsare__16__inmanydifferentsizesandstyles,fromsnackandsandwichbagstocraftandfreezerbags.Youcanalsobuybagswithexpandablebottomsthat__17__ontheirown.Somebagsevenallowyouto__18__foodinthemicrowave!However,nowmanypeopletrytouse__19__plasticbecauseofitseffectontheenvironment.Somanufacturersofresealableplasticbagshavetaken__20__tobeemoreenvironmentallyfriendly.語篇解讀：本文主要介紹了可密封塑料袋的用途及發(fā)展史。同時指出，為了減少污染，這種塑料袋的生產(chǎn)廠家也采取措施以使他們的產(chǎn)品更加環(huán)保。A.airA.air B．waterC．dust D．fog解析：選A由第二段開頭的“Keepingairaway”可知，此處指把空氣阻擋在外面。2．A.plants B．containersC．bags D．foods解析：選D根據(jù)下文中的“Bacteriaandotherorganismsintheairwill__3__fooditemsovertime”可知，此處指讓空氣和食物隔離，以便食物保鮮的時間長些，故選foods。3．A.bringin B．takeoutC．breakdown D．dealwith解析：選C空氣中細菌和其他微生物會分解食物導致食物變質(zhì)。breakdown意為“分解”。4．A.relation B．contactC．connection D．contract解析：選B如果細菌和其他微生物與食物接觸，食物將會很快變質(zhì)。contact意為“接觸”；relation意為“關(guān)系”；connection意為“連接”；contract意為“合同”。5．A.from B．a(chǎn)gainstC．through D．beyond解析：選Akeep...from...為固定搭配，意為“阻止……”。6．A.following B．presentingC．supplying D．transporting解析：選D下文中的“toschoolforlunch”說明，此處指攜帶食物到學校。7．A.wet B．freshC．thin D．hard解析：選B根據(jù)句中的“intherefrigerator”及生活常識可知，它們也被用來保持剩余的食物新鮮。8．A.store B．cookC．share D．produce解析：選A本段主要介紹可密封塑料袋能用來保存食物，因此這里指儲存食物。9．A.result B．humourC．history D．success解析：選C根據(jù)下文中的“startedoutin1951atapanynamedFlexigrip,Inc”可知，此處提到這種可密封塑料袋的歷史。10．A.discovered B．developedC．spread D．a(chǎn)pproved解析：選B此處表示買了專利以后，研發(fā)了塑料拉鏈。11．A.writer B．teacherC．doctor D．inventor解析：選D句中patents說明，博爾格·馬森是一位發(fā)明家。12．A.eventually B．frequentlyC．originally D．naturally解析：選C根據(jù)下文中的“Overtime,__13__，plasticzipperbagsweredeveloped.”可知，此處談的是塑料拉鏈袋的最初情況，故選originally。eventually意為“終于”。13．A.however B．besidesC．therefore D．otherwise解析：選A最初，塑料拉鏈袋的用途很少，后來它得到了發(fā)展。此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折。14．A.agreed B．beganC．promised D．preferred解析：選B最后，陶氏化學公司開始將塑料拉鏈袋投入市場。15．A.necessary B．famousC．funny D．popular解析：選D文章介紹了這種塑料袋的發(fā)展。它也很受歡迎。16．A.precious B．expensiveC．a(chǎn)vailable D．fashionable解析：選C根據(jù)“inmanydifferentsizesandstyles,fromsnackandsandwichbagstocraftandfreezerbags”可知，這些袋子有很多不同的尺寸和樣式，在很多地方可以使用。17．A.move B．standC．float D．remain解析：選B根據(jù)句中的“bagswithexpandablebottoms”可知，袋子底部可伸展，因此它能豎起來。18．A.heat B．tasteC．find D．purchase解析：選A根據(jù)“inthemicrowave”可知，把食物放入微波爐中，為的是給食物加熱。19．A.more B．smallerC．larger D．less解析：選D根據(jù)“becauseofitseffectontheenvironment”可知，人們現(xiàn)在盡量少使用塑料袋。20．A.chances B．stepsC．photos D．orders解析：選B他們已經(jīng)采取措施以使他們的產(chǎn)品更加環(huán)保。takesteps意為“采取措施”。二、閱讀理解提速練(限時25分鐘)AWeareallfascinatedbymysteries.Tosomeextentwelovetoexpectstrangephenomenaoccurringbeforeus.Herearesomeamazingunsolvedmysteries.TheGeorgiaGuidestonesOnoneofthehighesthilltopsinElbertCounty,Georgiastandsagiantgranitemonument(花崗巖紀念碑).Carvedineightdifferentlanguagesonthefourgiantstonesare10Guides.Theoriginofthisstrangemonumentiscoveredinmysterybecausenooneknowsthetrueidentityoftheman,ormen,whoconstructedit.AllweknowisthatinJune1979,amanidentifyinghimselfasR．C.Christianannouncedthathewouldbuildsomethingtoconveyamessagetomankind,buttodate,nooneknowswhoR．C.Christianreallywas.BermudaTriangleTheBermudaTriangleisatriangularareaoftheAtlanticOcean.Manyplanes,ships,andboatsaresaidtohavedisappearedinthistrianglewithoutatrace,whichledtothebeliefthat“supernatural”forcesexistinthisareaofthesea.Couldtheretrulybeanunnaturalforceatworkinthisgeographicaltriangleorarethesedisappearancesmerelycoincidence?Eitherway,numerouspeopleremainunwillingtostepovertheboundarylineintotheDevil'sTriangle.LochNessMonsterTheLochNessMonsterisalegendaryanimalthatsupposedlylivesinthedepthsofLochNess,alongnarrowlakelocatedinruralScotland.Storiesconcerningthemonsterdatebacktothe6thcenturyAD.Overtheyearsthousandshavereportedseeingalongneckappearingfromthewaterwithasmallheadofanunknowncreature.Pictureshaveevenbeentakenofthis“creature”，butmostscientistsrefusetobelieveanycreatureofthiskindlivesintheLochNess.Sofar,theevidenceisinadequate,andthecontroversycontinues.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了世界上三大未解之謎，包括佐治亞州的巨石陣、百慕大三角和尼斯湖水怪。1．WhyistheGeorgiaGuidestonesmysterious?A．ItisononeofthehighesthilltopsinElbertCounty.B．Thereareeightdifferentlanguagesonthestones.C．Thepersonwhobuiltitremainsunknown.D．R.C.Christiancouldconveyamessagetomankind.解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheGeorgiaGuidestones部分第二段內(nèi)容可知，巨石陣很神秘是因為沒有人知道是誰建造了它。故選C。2．WhyarepeopleunwillingtoentertheBermudaTriangle?A．Itistooremotefromland.B．Thechanceofsurvivingisslimthere.C．Therearesupernaturalforcesinthearea.D．Alltransportationshavedisappearedthere.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)BermudaTriangle部分第一段第二句可知，在百慕大三角經(jīng)常有飛機、輪船和小船失蹤；由此可推知，在百慕大三角人們幸存的可能性很小，所以許多人不愿意進入百慕大三角地帶。故選B。3．WhatcanweknowaboutLochNessMonster?A．Itexistedinthe6thcenturyAD.B．Itissaidtohavealongneckandalargehead.C．IthasbeenlivinginLochNessLakeforalongtime.D．Peoplehaven'treachedanagreementonitsexistence.解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句可知，關(guān)于水怪的故事始于公元6世紀，并不是說水怪出現(xiàn)在公元6世紀，故排除A項；根據(jù)最后一段第二句中的“withasmallhead”可知，B項錯誤；根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句可知，大多數(shù)科學家都不相信有這種水怪生活在尼斯湖中，故排除C項；根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，D項“人們對它的存在沒有達成一致意見”符合原文。故選D。BHaveyouseenJurassicPark?Inthisfilm,scientistsuseDNAkeptfortensofmillionsofyearstoclonedinosaurs.Theyfindtrouble,however,whentheyrealizethattheclonedcreaturesaresmarterandmoredangerousthanexpected.That'snothingmorethanafiction.Butcouldwereallycloneendangeredanimals?Todate,themostsuccessfulattempttodosowasthecloningofagaur,arareox-likeanimalfromsoutheastAsia.Scientistsusedacowtobringtheclonedbabygaur,namedNoah.Twodaysafterbirth,however,Noahdiedfromamonbacterialinfection.OtherendangeredspeciesthatmaybeclonedincludetheAfricanbongoantelope(羚羊),theSumatrantiger,thecheetah(獵豹),andthegiantpanda.Next,couldwereallycloneextinctanimals?Intheory?Yes.Todothis,youneedawell-keptsourceofDNAfromtheextinctanimalssuchaswoolmammoth(毛象),Tasmaniantiger,orevendinosaur,andacloselyrelatedspecies,stillliving,whichcouldserveasa_surrogate_mother.Inreality?Probablynot.Ontheonehand,it'snotlikelythatextinctanimals'DNAcouldsurviveundamagedforsuchalongtime.Cloningsuchextinctanimalsaswoolmammoth,Tasmaniantiger,ordinosaurismuchmoredifficultduetothelackofproperlywell-preservedDNA.Ontheotherhand,forexample,agaurcanhaveacowasasurrogatemother,definitelynotamonkey.Butwhataboutanextinctanimalasuniqueasthepanda?Whatspeciescouldpossiblyserveasasurrogatemother?Cloningpresentsmanyexcitingpossibilities.However,evenifextinctanimalswerebroughtback,theycouldnotsurviveintoday'sworld.Notonlydomostextinctanimalshavenohabitattolivein,buttheotherplantsandanimalstheydependedonforfoodmayalsobegoneaswell.語篇解讀：本文說明了在克隆滅絕動物的過程中遇到的重重困難與障礙。即使克隆成功了，其賴以生存的棲息地和食物鏈也已經(jīng)被破壞，被克隆出來的動物也無法繼續(xù)生存下去。4．Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthat________.A．thegaurisanextinctspeciesB．thegaurlivesinAsiaandisendangeredC．scientistshaveclonedtheAfricanbongoantelopeD．boththecheetahandthegiantpandaliveinAsia解析：選B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二、三段可知，印度野牛生活在亞洲的東南部，瀕臨滅絕。5．Theunderlinedwords“asurrogatemother”inParagraph5probablyrefertoafemalewho________.A．givesbirthtoababyofitsownB．cannotgivebirthtoababyC．givesbirthtoababyforanotherfemaleD．providesDNA解析：選C詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第五段的描述可知，此處表示的是，把一種動物的DNA提取出來之后，在另外一種動物的體內(nèi)進行胚胎繁殖，而這種動物就被稱為asurrogatemother，由此判斷，畫線部分意思為“代孕媽媽”，故C項正確。6．Intheauthor'sopinion,itispossiblethat________.A．a(chǎn)lltheextinctspeciesmaybeclonedB．extinctspeciesmaybeclonedandeasilysurviveC．a(chǎn)gaurcanhaveamonkeyasasurrogatemotherD．someextinctspeciesmaybecloned,butnotsurvive解析：選D推理判斷題。本文作者客觀敘述了在克隆滅絕動物過程中所存在的種種困難與障礙。根據(jù)最后一段的表述可知，也許克隆存在眾多的可能性，但是即使克隆成功了，也許會由于其賴以生存的棲息地和食物鏈已經(jīng)滅絕而無法繼續(xù)存活下去。由此判斷D項正確。CPlantcloninghasbeenanagriculturaltechniqueusedbyfarmersandgardenersforcenturies.Grafting(嫁接)isamonformofplantcloning.Manyplantsinnatureactuallyclonethemselvesandreproduceasexually(無性生殖地)．Clonedplantsaremuchmorepredictablethannormalplants,sotheiryield(產(chǎn)量)ismorereliable.Clonedplantsalsoreproducefaster,limitingtheamountoftimebetweenplantingandharvesting.Itisalsooftencheapertoproduceseedsthroughcloningthanthroughtraditionalmethods.Plantscanessentiallybeoptimizedsothatfarmersorindividualgrowersalwayshavethebestseedsavailable.Withhigheryieldatafasterrate,farmscanproducemorefoodformorepeoplewhiledecreasingoverallcosts.Cloningcanbeusedtowipeoutdiseasesthatpreviouslykilledoffentirefieldsofcrops.Thiswouldmakeplantsimmunetothekindsofdiseasesthatfarmersandgardenersaroundtheworldfeareachyear.Cropfailuresduetodiseaseandviruscouldbeeathingofthepast.Also,plantsthatarenearextinctioncanbebroughtbacktolifethroughcloning.Throughcloningscientistscandevelopsuperfruitsandvegetablesofsuperior(更好的)nutritionalquality.Thiscouldmakeforahealthierpopulationoverall.Thishasalreadybeendonethroughselectivepollination(授粉),andgeneticcloningcouldtakeittothenextlevel.Byplantcloningwehaveapopulationofidenticalplantsandalltheseplantsequallysufferfromthesamediseases,butinnaturetheweakwoulddieandthestrongwouldsurvive.Whiletherearesomedangerstoconsiderwithplantcloning,thereareplentyofbenefitsthatcouldprovevitaltothepropagation