期末考試復習題【含答案】生活英語讀寫

(1)單項選擇題

Part1:VocabularyandStructure(60%)

1.Accidentsfromcarelessness.

Arise

Braise

Carise

Dincrease

(2)單項選擇題

Thereareworktobedonebeforethebuildingcanbeusedforliving.

Avaluable

Bessential

Cresponsible

Duniversal

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Motherwasfullofforthesickchild.

Aconcern

Bmanagement

Cregard

Dworship

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Ifyougetlostjustaskoneofthefordirections.

Alocals

Bindividuals

Ccolleagues

Dprinciples

(5)單項選擇題

Computerscanmanydifferenttasks.

Aform

Breform

Cperform

Dinform

(6)單項選擇題

Thereisnobesttothisproblem.

Afeature

Bsolution

Cpenalty

Dsection

(7)單項選擇題

Itisanemptyhut,butatleastitofferedusa

Ahouse

Broof

Cshelter

Dscene

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Moremoneyw川beputintoscientificresearchinthisuniversity.

Amethods

Boutcomes

Cprojects

Dphrases

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Myisthatexportswilldoubleoverthenextfiveyears.

Amotive

Bexpectation

Cnotion

Dcuriosity

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?Policedriversfortravellingtoofastinthefog.

Aevaluated

Banalyzed

Cjudged

Dcriticized

(11)單項選擇題

.Theyounggirlisnotwithherpresentjob,andshehasdecidedtofindamore

challengingone.

Acontent

Binterested

Cexcited

Danxious

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.InChinamalesaregivensubtle,sometimespreferenceineducation,job

selectionandpromotion.

Aevident

Bobvious

Cdistinct

Dintentional

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.Georgewasvery；wewouldnothavedoneagoodjobwithouthim.

Ahelpful

Bbeneficial

Csignificant

Dfriendly

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,Thefingerprintsofnotwopersonsare.

Aidentical

Bequivalent

Cequal

Dsimilar

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.Ifonlyl*dtakenfrommymother,Iwouldn'tbeinsuchadifficultiesnow.

Aheart

Bcouncil

Caccount

Dcounsel

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.Thisisareallytough,andIbelieveTedistheonlypersonwhocanhandleit.

Aresponsibility

Bassignment

Cposition

Dselection

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.ItrytomyfriendshipwithSarah,butitsdifficulttokeeparelationshipgoing

whenweareseparatedbysuchalongdistance.

Amaintain

Brespond

Crevise

Ddeprive

(18〕單項選擇題

.Hewasadmissionoftherestaurantfornotwearingatie.

Adenied

Bgranted

Cacquired

Dappealed

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.Thatrestaurantdoesn'tacceptreservationsforsmallgroups.Thenumberof

peopleinyourpartymustbefive.

Avague

Bcomplex

Ccurrent

Dminimum

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.Allthestaffmembersareencouragedtointhedecisionmakingprocess.

Aparticipate

Bsend

Ccompete

Dfill

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Youshouldn'tallowyourjobtoyourlifelikethat.

Aguide

Brule

Coverlook

Ddominate

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.Roberfsoflifeislargelyaresultofhisstricteducation.

Aphilosophy

Bscene

Csight

Dexpectation

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.Medicalshowsthatmenaremorelikelytohaveheartattacksthanwomen.

Aevidence

Btrace

Cindication

Dsymbol

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.Somecriticshavethatthefilmlacksoriginality.

Aexplained

Bcommented

Cclaimed

Dannounced

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.Weaskallex-traineestoprovideuswitha(n)ofthecoursestheytook.

Aappreciation

Bevaluation

Crealisation

Dadmiration

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.Theimportanceofinteriordesignbecomeswhenwerealizehowmuchtimewe

spendsurroundedbyfourwalls.

Aattractive

Bappropriate

Cevident

Dobscure

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.Mysisterdoesn'tcaremuchaboutthecolourofwhatshewears,butsheisvery

aboutthestyle.

Aparticular

Bpeculiar

Cspecial

Dunusual

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.Toone'sboss,anemployeeshoulddressneatly,beandshowinterestinthe

job.

Ainstant

Btimely

Cpunctual

Dquick

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.Hewasenoughtolosehisjobwhenthebabywasdue.

Aunfortunate

Bsad

Cupset

Duneasy

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.Thepriceofthesecond-handpianoisrelativelyrecently.

Acheap

Bexpensive

Ccostly

Dlow

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.Theyarethattheriverwouldflood.

Afearful

Bterrible

Cawful

Dcrazy

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.Freshairistogoodhealth.

Afundamental

Belementary

Cbasic

Dimportant

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.Itisvitalthatfoodandshelteraremadeforpeopleintheflood-strickenarea.

Afree

Buseful

Cavailable

Dusable

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.Thosewhodolaborshouldberegardedthesameasthosewhodomental

labor.

Avisual

Bpainful

Cvivid

Dphysical

(35)單項選擇題

.Themostthinginthisisthatoneisnotallowedtousehisnativelanguageon

hisnativeland.

Alaughable

Bridiculous

Cfunny

Dreasonable

(36)單項選擇題

.ItisthatJapanproducesfinecameras.

Afamous

Bremarkable

Cpopular

Dwell-known

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.Mr.Wrightwasthepresident.

Aprevious

Bbefore

Clatter

Dformer

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.Itsofhertorefusetoadmitthatsheiswrong；sheisverystubborn.

Acharacteristic

Bpeculiar

Cspecific

Dparticular

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.Iamverytoyouforyourhelp.

Athankful

Bpleased

Cagreeable

Dgrateful

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.Aftercriminalswerecaught,theywereaccusedandputon.

Atrial

Bsentence

Cdeath

Dtorture

(41)單項選擇題

.Thecareofthebodyrequiresanunderstandingofitsneeds,allowingfor

variationsresultingfromclimate,ageoroccupation.

Aproper

Btender

Cwarm

Dmild

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.Aftertherecentbombattacks,thepublicarebeingwarnedtobeatalltimes.

Aafraid

Bawake

Calert

Dashamed

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.Abalanceddietisachievedbyanamountoffoodoneeats.

Aextra

Benough

Cextraordinary

Dappropriate

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.TheconcernofChinatodayistodevelopitseconomy.

Aprimitive

Boriginal

Celementary

Dprimary

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.Thethreeboysweregivenworkaccordingtotheirabilities.

Arespectful

Brespectable

Crespective

Dresponsible

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Itisthebusinessofthepolicetopreventanddetectcrimeandofthelawcourtsto

punish.

Acrime

Boffence

Csin

Dfault

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PrincessDianaalwayswearsbeautiful.

Aclothing

Bcloth

Cclothes

Ddress

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Theclubwasorganizedonavoluntary.

Abase

Bbasis

Cfoundation

Dreason

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.Hesettleddownathisdesktoworkouttheexact.

Afigures

Bnumbers

Cfatigue

Dcalculation

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.Atfirstitseemedthatthebuildingwouldbeallrightbutlateritwasfoundtoneed

Aillustrations

Binnovations

Cmodifications

Dinstallations

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.Magnificentviewsoverthecountrysidehaveoftenpeopletowritepoems.

Apersuaded

Bconvinced

Cinduced

Dattracted

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.Theplanislikelytomeetwiththeoftheminister.

Aapproval

Bagreement

Cpermission

Dapproach

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Wecanonlygiveyouthenumberofrefugeescrossingtheborderatthemoment.

Aimaginary

Bimpartial

Capproximate

Dobscure

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Throughexposuretoair,water,andorganicmatter,rockschangesknownas

weathering.

Atransform

Bundergo

Cundertake

Dsuspend

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.Theofficewasinastateof,andhecouldn'tfindathingthathelookedfor.

Adisorder

Bsequence

Corder

Dconfusion

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.ManynewcomerscomplainoftherapidoflifeinHongKong.

Aspeed

Bgrowth

Cpace

Drate

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.Walkingdownthestreet,shenoticedalongofhouses,allexactlyalike.

Arow

Btrain

Crank

Dqueue

(58)單項選擇題

.Insomecitiesitisverydifficulttohaveatelephone,andpeoplehavetowaita

longtimebeforetheycangetaphone.

Arepaired

Bequipped

Cinstalled

Dassembled

(59)單項選擇題

.upchildrenproperlyismainlytheirparents*duty.

ARaising

BBringing

CRearing

DGrowing

(60)單項選擇題

.Peoplewithanyonewhoisalwaystalkingabouthowwonderfulheis.

Acatchup

Bkeepcompany

Cgetfedup

Dfallin

(61)單項選擇題

Part2:Cloze(20%)

Passage1

WhatdowemeanbyaperfectEnglishpronunciation?Tosomedegree,thereareas(61)

differentkindsofEnglishastherearespeakersofit.Notwospeakersspeakitinexactly

thesame(62).Wecanalwaysheardifferencesbetweenthem,andthepronunciationof

Englishvariesagreatdealindifferent(63).HowdowedecidewhatsortofEnglishto

use(64)amodel?Thisisnotaquestionthatcanbe(65)inthesamewayforallforeign

learnersofEnglish.IfyouliveinapartoftheworldlikeIndiaorWestAfrica,wherethere

isalongtraditionofspeakingEnglishforgeneralcommunicationpurposes,youshould

(66)agoodvarietyofthepronunciationofthisarea.Itwouldbea(67)heretouseasa

modelBBCEnglishoranythingofthesort.(68),ifyouliveinacountrywherethereis

notraditionaluseofEnglish,youmusttakeasyourmodelsomeformof(69)English

pronunciation.Itdoesn't(70)verymuchwhichformyouchoose.Themostimportant

thingtodoistotakeasyourmodelthesortofEnglishyoucanhearmostoften.

61.

Agreat

Bmore

Cmany

Dmuch

(62)單項選擇題

Acategory

Bsort

Ctype

Dway

(63)單項選擇題

a

Aareas

Bparts

Cclasses

Dspaces

(64)單項選擇題

■

Alike

Bas

Cfor

Dof

(65)單項選擇題

Aasked

Banswered

Cgiven

Dsolved

(66)單項選擇題

Ahave

Barrange

Cspeak

Dacquire

(67)單項選擇題

Amistake

Bwrong

Cfault

Dwaste

(68)單項選擇題

AOntheonehand

BOntheotherhand

CForonething

DForanother

(69)單項選擇題

Anational

Bprofessional

Cnative

Dintensive

(70)單項選擇題

■

Aobserve

Baid

Cadapt

Dmatter

(71)單項選擇題

Passage2

OnApril1st,acountrybuswasgoingalongawindingroadwhenitsloweddownand

s:opped.Thedriver(71)turnedonswitchesandpressedbuttons,butnothinghappened.

Thenhe(72)thepassengerswithaworriedlookonhisfaceandsaid,"Thispoorbusis

gettingold.Itisnotgoingaswellasit(73).Thereisonlyonethingtodoifwev/antto

gethometoday.Ishallcountthree,and(74)theword'three’,Iwantyoualltolean

forwardassuddenlyasyoucan.Thatshouldgetthebus(75)again,butifitdoesnot

work,IamafraidthereisnothingelseIcando.Now,allofyou(76)backasfarasyou

caninyourseatsandgetready."

Thepassengersall(77)pressedbackagainsttheirseatsandwaitedanxiously.

Thenthedriverturnedtohisfrontandasked,"Areyouready?”

Thepassengershardlyhadenough(78)toanswer,uYes.M

“One!Two!Three!”countedthedriver.Thepassengersallswungforwardsuddenly

andthebusstartedupatagreatrate.

The(79)breathedmoreeasilyandbegantosmilewithrelief.Buttheirsmileturnedto

(80)andthendelightedlaughterwhenthedrivermerrilycried,"AprilFool!”

71.

Ahurriedly

Bimpatiently

Canxiously

Delegantly

(72)單項選擇題

Aturneddown

Bturnedin

Cturnedup

Dturnedto

(73)單項選擇題

Ausedto

Bwasusedto

Ceverdid

Dwasableto

(74)單項選擇題

Aat

Bwith

Cupon

Dagainst

(75)單項選擇題

*

Amaintained

Brepaired

Cserved

0started

(76)單項選擇題

Alay

Blean

Cqueue

Dresort

(77)單項選擇題

■

Aobjectively

Bnormally

Cobediently

Dpassively

(78)單項選擇題

Astrength

Bcourage

Cpurpose

Dbreath

(79)單項選擇題

■

Adriver

Bpassengers

Ccrew

Dcompanions

(80)單項選擇題

Asurprise

Bcry

Cinterest

Dpain

(81)單項選擇題

Part3:ReadingComprehension(20%)

Passage1

Thisisanopenlettertothethreepeoplewhostolemyhandbagfromthedepartment

s:oreIamemployedasashopassistant.

Whenyoutookmybag,Idon'tknowwhatyouthoughtyouweregoingtoget.Withmy

wages,there'snotmuchleftonaTuesday.Ihopethe￡5wasusefultoyou.Ihave

informedthesocialsecurityofficesoyouwon'tbeabletocashthechildbenefitnext

week.Ihopethatwon'tleaveyoutooshort.Butifyoureallyneedacoupleofpounds,I

supposeyoucouldalwayscashoneofthetwochecksleftinmycheckbook.Ofcourse,

Iphonedthebankrightawayandthecheck-cashingcardisnolongervalid,soitwon't

bemuchuseloyou.

ActuallyIdon'tmindaboutthemoneytoomuch.Wesingleparentswhoworktosupport

ourfamiliesunderstandonlytoowellwhatitmeanstobeshortofcash.However,Idon't

supposeitwentveryfaramongthethreeofyou.Sorryaboutthat!

Iwishyouhadleftthebagbehindandjusttakenthewalletandcheckbook.Therewere

allkindsofpapersinit,andnotesandthingsthatIreallyneed.Ireallythinkthatwas

veryinconsiderateofyou.Imean,howwouldyoulikesomethinglikethattohappento

you?

Well,perhapsthebagwillturnup.Itwasn'tevenanexpensiveone,justaplain,old

brownleathershoulderbag.Youprobablydumpeditinthenearestrubbishbinorthrew

itintothebushes.We'velookedaround,ofcourse,butnoonesawwhichwayyouwent

afteryoulefttheshop.

I'mnotreallyangrywithyou.Iknowhowthepressuresofmodernlivingcanaffectus,

butIamsadatthelossofmypersonalthings.Ifeelviolatedandhelpless.Thepolice

wereveryicy,andtheyjustshruggedtheirshoulders.

“Ithappensallthetime,"theytoldme.Somesmallcomfort,Isuppose.ButI'velostjusta

littlemorefaithinhumannature.AndasmyyoungsonsaidwhenItoldhimwhathad

happened,**Why?Mummy,whyus?nIcouldn'tanswerthatquestion.Iwonderifyoucan.

(384words)

81.Thewriterwrotethisletterprobablybecauseshewantedto.

Abringattentiontotheinconveniencethelossofherbaghascaused

Btellpeopletobecarefulinthedepartmentstore

Ccomplainaboutwhathashappenedtoherinthedepartmentstore

Dgivethethreethievesaseriouswarning

(82)單項選擇題

.Whichofthefollowingitemismorevaluabletothewriter?

ACashinherbag.

BThehandbagitself.

CChequebooksinthebag.

DAllkindsofpapersandnotesinthebag.

(83)單項選擇題

.Fromthepolice'sresponsewecansaythat.

Atheymaythinkshehasntlostmuch

Btheycan'tfindthethievesforher

Cthereislittlehopeoffindingthebaganyway

Dtheydon'ttakeitseriously,assuchcaseshappenquiteoften

(84)單項選擇題

.Thewriterseemsto.

Afeelshamefulforthethieves

Bfeelangryatthethieves

Cfeelsadatlosinghermoney

Dthinkthatthepolicearereallyunderstanding

(85)單項選擇題

.Thetoneofthepassageis.

Asatiric

Bserious

Chumorous

Dfunny

(86)單項選擇題

Passage2

“WhenyoucomebacktoEnglandfromanyforeigncountry,youhaveimmediatelythe

sensationofbreathingadifrerentair.Eveninthefirstfewminutesdozensofsmallthings

conspiretogiveyouthisfeeling.Thebeerisbitterer,thecoinsareheavier,thegrassis

greener,theadvertisementsaremoreblatant.Thecrowdsinthebigtowns,withtheir

mildknobbyfaces,theirbadteethandgentlemanners,aredifferentfromaEuropean

crowd.M

Orwellwasright;Englandisdifferent,too.InEnglandeventhepolicemenarepolite.The

Englishdon'tlikeanyonewhohasbadmanners,althoughtheycanbeveryrude

themselvesattimes.Theyareveryfriendly-andyettheyarefamousfortheirreserve.

YoumightfindEnglishconversationdeadlydull,whileothersfindtheEnglishthewittiest

nationunderthesun.Onethingyouw川noticestraightaway:perfectstrangerswillsay

“goodmomingntoyouandstarttalkingabouttheweather.Whenyouwalkintoashopin

England,theshopkeeperwillsay“Goodmorning"or"Goodafternoon“andwhenyougo

hewillsay“Goodbye”.Bytheway,Idon'tthinkthelocalnewsagenthasfalleninlove

withyouifhecallsyou“dear”or“l(fā)ove”.Heisjustbeingfriendly.

Asarulepeoplearenothostileoraggressivetowardsstrangers.Ifyoubumpinto

someoneinthestreets,heorsheisboundtosay“Sorry”.It'sasiftheEnglishwere

terriblyafraidofoffending.Soevenififsnotyourfault,theywillsaysorry-justtobeon

thesafeside."Sorry“isoneofthefewwordsyoucannotdowithoutinEngland;youwill

needitatleasttwentytimesaday.

Apartfrom“sorry"，thetwomostimportantwordsintheEnglishlanguageare“please”

and"thankyou*).Youmustknowthemandusethem-unlessyouwanttobethought

rude.Englishpeopleenjoytalking.Whereveryouare,youwon'tfindithardtogettalking

topeople.Ifyouwanttostartaconversation,starttalkingabouttheweather.The

weatheristheEnglishman'sfavoritetopicofconversation.Afterdiscussingthesunand

rain,peoplecanthenmoveontoothertopics-iftheywantto.(378words)

86.Accordingtothewriter,mostEnglishpeople.

Anevershowtheirfeelings

Bhavethewittiestmind

Caredifferentfromoneanother

Darepoliteandfriendly

(87)單項詵擇題

.Theword“perfect”canbebestreplacedby.

Aexcellent

Bcomplete

Ckind

Dexact

(88)單項選擇題

.Whenthelocalnewsagentcallsyou“dear”or“l(fā)ove”，he

Ajustwantstobefriendly

Bisjusttryingtobepolite

Chasfalleninlovewithyou

Dhasregardedyouasagoodfriend

(89)單項選擇題

.Ifyoudon'twanttobethoughtrudeinEngland,youhaveto.

Asaysorryevenififsnotyourfault

Bsay“goodmorning^^toperfectstrangers

Ckeepusing“sorry","please"and"thankyou"

Duse“sorry"，“please"and"thankyountwentytimesaday

(90)單項選擇題

.Theweatheris.

AsomethingimportantintheEnglishlanguage

BtheEnglishman'suniquetopicofconversation

Cthestartingtopicforpeopletomoveontoothertopics

DsomethingforyoutostartaconversationwithanEnglishman

(91)單項選擇題

Passage3

Behindthephrase,''keepingupwiththeJoneses**,liesahumanstorythatisfound,in

oneformoranother,ineverycountryoftheworld.

IntheUnitedStatesmanyhavebeentoldthatanyonecanbecomerichandsuccessful

ifheworkshardandhassemegoodluck.

Yes,gettingrichcreatessomeproblems.Whenonebecomesrich,hewantspeopleto

knowit.Andevenifhedoesnotbecomeveryrich,hewantspeopletothinkthatheis.

That'swhat“KeepingupwiththeJoneses"isabout.Itisthestoryofsomeonewhotries

tolookasrichandassuccessfulashisneighbors.

Theexpressionwasfirstusedin1913byastrugglingyoungAmericanbythenameof

ArthurMomand.Hetoldthestoryabouthimself:Hebeganearning$125aweekatthe

ageof23.Thatwasalotofmoneyinthosedays.YoungMomandwasveryproudofhis

riches.HegotmarriedandmovedwithhiswifetoaverywealthyneighborhoodonLong

Island,outsideNewYorkCity.

Butjustmovingtherewasnotenough.ForwhenMomandandhiswifesawthattheir

neighborsbelongedtoacountryclubtheytoojoinedacountryclub.Andwhenhesaw

thatrichpeoplewereexpectedtoridehorses,Momandwenthorsebackridingeveryday.

Momandandhiswifealsohiredaservantandgaveverygrandpartiesfortheirnew

neighbors.

Itwaslikearace,butonecouldneverfinishthisracebecauseonewasalwaystryingto

keepup.Momandandhiswifecouldnotdothat.

Theraceendedforthemwhentheycouldnolongerpayfortheirnewwayoflife.They

lefttheirwealthyneighborhoodandmovedbacktoaninexpensiveNewYorkapartment.

Momandlatersaidthathisexperiencehadbeenacruelawakeningforhim.Neverthelss,

hewasabletoseethefunnysideofit.Helookedaroundhimandnoticedthatmany

peopledothingsjusttokeepupwiththeirneighbors.

Hedecidedthatthiswouldmakeagoodcomicseriesfornewspapers.Soin1913he

smartedwritingoneappearedinmanypapersacrossthecountry.Hecalledit“Keeping

UpwiththeJoneses",because"Jones"isaverycommonnameintheUnitedS:ates.

?(KeepingupwiththeJoneses**cametomeankeepingupwiththepeoplearoundyou.

Momand'sseriesappearedindifferentnewspapersacrossthecountryforover28years.

PeopleneverseemtogettiredofkeepingupwiththeJoneses.Thatisonereasonwhy

theyreadthe“right”books,gotothe“right"universitiesandeatinthe“right”restaurants.

Everycityhasanareawherepeoplewanttolivebecauseotherswillthinkbetterofthem

iftheydo.Andthereare“Joneses“ineverycityoftheworld.Butonemustgettiredof

tryingtokeepupwiththeJoneses,becausenomatterwhatonedoes,Mr.Jonesalways

seemstobeahead.(530words)

91.WhydopeoplewanttobekeepingupwiththeJoneses?

ATheywanttoappearsuccessfuleveniftheyarenot.

BTheyonlywanttolookasrichandsuccessfulasanybodyelse.

CTheywanttoworkhardinordertobecomerichandsuccessful.

DTheywantpeopletoknowthattheyarerich.

(92)單項選擇題

.ThemainreasonforMomand'smovingtoLongIslandisthat.

Ahewantstojoinacountr/club.

Bhewantstocatchupwithhiswealthyneighbors

Cheenjoysthepartiesgivenbysomewealthyfamilies

Ditiseasierforhimtogohorsebackridingeveryday

(93)單項選擇題

?MomandmovedbacktoaNewYorkapartmentasaresultof.

Alackingmoneytokeepuptherace

Bwantingtosavemoneyforotherpurposes

Cgettingtiredofcomparingwithhiswealthyneighbors

Drealizingthatshowingoffhisrichesismeaningless

(94)單項選擇題

.Inthepassage,utheJoneses"mayreferto.

AonespecialfamilyinNewYork

Btheauthorofthepassage

Cthepeoplewholivearoundyou

Donetypeofpeoplewhoenjoyscomparingwiththeothers

(95)單項選擇題

.Theauthorsuggeststhat.

Aonecanneverkeepupv/iththeothers

Boneshouldalwaysdothe“right"things

Citissillytotrytokeepupwiththeneighbors

Donewillthinkbetterofhimselfwhenhedoestheurightnthing

(96)單項選擇題

Passage4

AU.S.malebroughtupontheEastCoastofAmericastandseighttotwentyinches

awayfromanothermalewheninconversation.Intalkingtoawomanhewillincreasethe

distancebyaboutfourinches.Tostandatadistanceofaboutthirteeninchesusually

hasasexualoraggressiveconnotation.However,inmostpartsofLatinAmerica

thirteeninchesisjusttherightdistancewhentalkingwithaperson.Whenamanbrought

upinaLatinAmericanenvironmenttriestotalktoamanbroughtupontheEastCoast

oftheUnitedStatesaninterestingthinghappens.TheLatinwilltrytomaintainwhathe

considerstherighttalkingdistance.TheAmericanwillstepback.Bothwillfeel

uncomfortablewithoutquiteunderstandingwhy.Alltheyknowisthatthereissomething

wrongwiththeotherone.Mostculture-blindLatinsfeelthattheAmericansare

withdrawnanduncommunicative.Mostculture-blindAmericansthinkthatLatinsare

pushy.

InmostAmericanurbanareas,tobetwominuteslateforanappointmentisallright.

Threeminutesissignificant,butanapologyisnotexpected.Afterfiveminutesthe

latercomermuttersanapology.InmostLatincountriesafive-minuteunitisnotimportant,

anapologyisexpectedonlyforatimeunitlongerthantwentyminutes.Latins,

influencedbytheirownculturalconditioning,feelthatAmericansarenotpoliteandare

obsessedwithtimebecausetheyexpectpersonswithwhomtheyhaveappointmentsto

beatacertainplaceatpreciselyagiventime.ApersonunfamiliarwithNorthAmerican

culturalconditioninghasdifficultyrealizingthatAmericanshandletimemuchlikesome

tangiblematerial-spendingit,takingit,usingituporwastingit.

Differentpeoplelivealmostliterallyindifferentworlds,notjustthesameworldwith

differentnamesattached.Thebarriersbetweencultureswouldperhapsberelatively

unimportantifonlyafewpeoplewerecrossinginternationalborders.Butpeoplethe

worldoverareonthemovetodayasneverbefore,travelingforbusinessandmorefor

seeingandexperiencingotherwaysoflife.Allthishasitsobviousbenefits.Atthesame

time,however,therearesomedangers,particularlyforapersonwhoplanstospendany

appreciableamountoftimeinanotherculture.Oneofthesedangersisthesenseof

confusionandmisunderstandingthatsocialpsychologistscallcultureshock.

Apersonwhoentersaforeigncultureordinarilypassesthroughthreephasesof

adjustment.First,heisaspectator;heobserveswhatisgoingonaroundhimbutdoes

notparticipate.Second,hebecomepersonallyinvolvedinthewaysoftheforeignculture

andtriestocometotermswiththem.Finally,eitherhewillhavemasteredthenew

situationandwillgetalongsmoothlyinthenewcultureorhewillrealizethathisown

cultureistheonlyworkableoneforhim.Inthefirstphase,thatofspectator,theinitial

reactiontoanewcountryislikelytobeoneofcuriosityanddelight.Everythinglooks

interesting.However,afewweeks*timechangeone'sperceptionoftheenvironment.

LivinginacountryisquitedifferentfromjustvisitingitAsthepersonbeginstomove

intothesecondandmostdifficultphase,thatofparticipationandpersonalinvolvement

intheunfamiliarculture,hebecomesawareofthedifferencesthatexistbetweenhimself

andthepeoplewithwhomheisliving.Thesituationswhich,inhisfirstphaseas

spectator,wereinterestingarenowincomprehensibleandperhapsevenunpleasant.He

feelsthathecan*tgetthroughtothemandhebecomesuneasyandinsecurebecause

hedoesn'tknowtherightwayofdoingthings.

Cultureshockisprecipitatedbythedistressingfeelingsofuncertaintyandanxietythat

resultfromnotfindingallthefamiliarsymbols,signs,andcuesthatguideaperson

throughherownculture.Shefindsherselfhavingtouseadifferentdesignforliving.She

doesn'tknowwhatpeopleexpectofherandwhatsheshouldexpect.Sheisnotsure

whentoshakehands,howmuchtotip,wheretobuythingssheneeds,orwhattosayto

waiters,andshefindsthatthesocialetiquetteshehaslearnedisnolongeruseful.

Cultureshockisoftenaccompaniedbyalinguisticshockthatmakesitevenmore

difficulttocrosstheculturalbarriers.WhenIwassufferinglinguisticshock,English

sentencewouldsoundtomelikealong,unpronounceablestringofharshnoises.Atthat

timeIdeeplyregrettedthatIhadchosentolearnEnglishinsteadofsomesensible

language.Icouldn'tseewhytheEnglishpeoplehadtousetheseodd,barbaric

utterancesinsteadofspeakingwithnormalhumanwordslikeeveryoneelse.I

sometimeshadthefeelingthatAmericansspokeEnglishinordertoconfuse

unsuspectingforeigners.

96.Thestatement“theLatinwilltrytomaintainwhatheconsiderstherighttalking

distance"impliesthattheLatinwill.

Akeepsteppingbackuntilthetalkingdistanceisaboutthirteeninches

Btrytokeepthetalkingdistanceataboutthirteeninches

CkeepmovingforwarduntiltheAmericanstepsback

Dwillincreasethedistancebyaboutfourinches

(97)單項選擇題

.Accordingtothepassage,cultureshockis.

Athecuriousanddelightfulreactiontoaforeignculture

Boneofthedangersforapersonwhoisgoingtoliv