上海海事大學(xué)英語口語考試題目及答案Part1:PersonalPresentation(3minutes)Topic:Describeasignificantexperiencerelatedtomaritimeactivitiesthathasinfluencedyourunderstandingoftheoceanorshippingindustry.Answer:Lastsummer,IhadthechancetovisitYangshanDeepwaterPort,oneoftheworld’sbusiestcontainerterminals.Itwasaneyeopeningexperiencethatcompletelychangedmyviewofmodernshipping.WhenIarrived,thefirstthingthatstruckmewasthescale—endlessrowsofmassivecontainercranes,automatedguidedvehicles(AGVs)movingsilentlylikeants,andcolossalcontainershipstoweringoverthedock.AguideexplainedthatYangshanusessmarttechnologies:AGVsarecontrolledby5G,cranesoperatewithminimalhumaninput,andtheentiresystemcanhandleover24millionTEUsannually.Whatimpressedmemostwastalkingtoaterminaloperator,Mr.Li.Hetoldmethatbeforeautomation,workershadtoclimb40metertallcraneseveryday,bravingwindandrain.Now,theymonitoroperationsfromairconditionedcontrolrooms,usingjoysticksandscreens.“Safetyhasimproved,butwealsoneedtolearnnewskills,”hesaid.“IhadtotakecoursesonAIanddataanalysistokeepup.”Thisvisitmademerealizethatshippingisn’tjustaboutmovinggoods—it’sablendoftechnology,humanexpertise,andglobalconnectivity.Istartedresearchingmoreaboutsmartportsafterthat.Forexample,IlearnedthatShanghaiistestingfullyautonomouscontainerships,whichcouldreducehumanerrorandoperatingcosts.Italsomademethinkaboutsustainability:theportusessolarpanelsandelectricequipmenttocutemissions,aligningwithChina’scarbonneutralitygoals.Thisexperiencesolidifiedmyinterestinmaritimestudies.Inowseetheoceannotjustasabodyofwater,butasadynamicnetworkthatdrivesglobaltrade,fostersinnovation,anddemandsresponsiblestewardship.Part2:SituationalDialogue(5minutes)Scenario:Youareacadetonatrainingship.AnItalianengineer,Mr.Rossi,isonboardtoinspecttheship’snavigationsystem.Hementionsthattheradardisplayisflickeringandasksforyourhelptocontactthechiefengineer.Roleplaytheconversation.(You=Cadet;Mr.Rossi=Engineer)Cadet:Goodmorning,Mr.Rossi.Howdoyoufindtheinspectionofthenavigationsystemsofar?Mr.Rossi:Goodmorning.Theoverallconditionisfine,butInoticedanissuewiththeradardisplay—itkeepsflickering.Itmightaffectaccuracyduringnavigation.Doyouthinkwecangetthechiefengineerinvolved?Cadet:I’msorrytohearthat.Letmecheck.Thechiefengineer,Mr.Wang,isusuallyintheenginecontrolroomatthistime.Icancallhimrightaway.MayIconfirmtheexactproblemagain?Theradardisplayflickers—doesithappenrandomlyorwhencertainfunctionsareactivated?Mr.Rossi:Mostlywhenweswitchbetweenlongrangeandshortrangemodes.Sometimesthescreengoesblackforafewseconds.It’snotcriticalyet,butbettertofixitbeforeournextvoyage.Cadet:Understood.LetmereachouttoMr.Wang.(Dialing)Hello,Chief?ThisisCadetLifromthebridge.Mr.Rossi,theItalianengineer,isinspectingthenavigationsystemandfoundtheradardisplayflickering,especiallywhenswitchingmodes.He’dlikeyoutotakealook.Areyouavailabletocomeupnow?ChiefEngineer(onphone):Sure,I’llbetherein5minutes.TellMr.RossiI’llbringthetroubleshootingmanualandasparemonitorjustincase.Cadet:Thankyou,Chief.(Hangsup)Mr.Rossi,thechiefengineerisonhisway.He’llarrivein5minutesandbringnecessarytools.Hesaidhemightneedtotestthedisplaywithdifferentsettingsorreplacethemonitorifneeded.Isthereanythingelseyou’dliketomentionbeforehecomes?Mr.Rossi:That’sgreat.JusttellhimIobservedtheissueinbothautomaticandmanualmodes.Also,theflickerseemsmorefrequentinroughseas—maybevibrationisafactor?Cadet:I’llpassthatalong.Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffeewhilewewait?Themessdeckisjustdownthecorridor.Mr.Rossi:No,thanks.I’dratherstayheretoexplaintheproblemdirectly.Cadet:Perfect.Let’swaitbytheradarconsole.HerecomesChiefWangnow.ChiefEngineer:Goodmorning,Mr.Rossi.Let’ssee...(Beginscheckingtheradar)Part3:OpinionDiscussion(7minutes)Topic:“Withthedevelopmentofautonomousships,humanseafarerswilleventuallybecomeunnecessary.”Doyouagreeordisagree?Answer:Istronglydisagreewiththestatementthathumanseafarerswillbecomeunnecessaryduetoautonomousships.WhiletechnologylikeAI,sensors,andsatellitecommunicationisadvancingrapidly,seafarersremainirreplaceableforseveralkeyreasons.First,considerthecomplexityofmaritimeoperations.Autonomousshipsrelyonpreprogrammedalgorithmsanddata,buttheoceanisunpredictable.Suddenweatherchanges,equipmentfailures,orencounterswithfishingboats(whichoftendon’thaveAIStransponders)requirerealtimejudgment.Ahumanseafarercanassessasituationholistically—usingnotjustdata,butalsoexperienceandintuition.Forexample,ifasmallfishingvesselappearssuddenlyinlowvisibility,ahumanofficercanquicklyadjustcourseandcommunicateviaVHF,whereasanautonomoussystemmighttakeprecioussecondstoprocessthedata,increasingcollisionrisk.Second,humaninterventioniscriticalinemergencysituations.EventhemostadvancedAIcan’treplicatehumanproblemsolvingunderstress.In2021,thecontainershipEverGivenblockedtheSuezCanalduetohighwinds.Whiletheincidentinvolvedhumanerror,itwashumanpilots,tugboatcrews,andengineerswhoworkedaroundtheclocktorefloattheship.Anautonomousshipinasimilarscenariowouldlacktheadaptabilitytocoordinatewithonsiteteams,negotiatewithauthorities,ormakesplitseconddecisionswhenmechanicalfailuresoccur.Third,seafarersplayavitalroleinmaintenanceandrepairs.Autonomousshipsstillhavephysicalcomponents—engines,propellers,navigationsystems—thatdegradeovertime.Robotscanperformroutinechecks,butcomplexrepairsoftenrequirehumanhands.Aseafarerwithyearsofexperiencecandiagnoseastrangenoiseintheengine,identifyafaultybearing,andfixitusingtoolsandknowledgethatAImightnotpossess.Inremoteareas,whererepairshipsarehoursaway,askilledseafarer’sabilitytoimprovisecanmeanthedifferencebetweenaminordelayandamajordisaster.Moreover,internationalregulationsandhumanfactorsmustbeconsidered.TheInternationalMaritimeOrganization(IMO)requiresshipstohavetrainedcrewforsafetyandsecurity.Piracy,medicalemergencies,andsearchandrescueoperationsalldemandhumanpresence.Forinstance,ifacrewmemberfallsoverboard,anautonomousshipmightdetecttheevent,butonlyhumanrescuerscanjumpintothewater,providefirstaid,orofferemotionalsupport.Thatsaid,Iacknowledgethatautonomoustechnologywilltransformroles,noteliminatethem.Seafarerswillshiftfrommanualtaskstomonitoring,troubleshooting,andmanagingAIsystems.Thisrequiresupskilling—learningtooperateadvancedsoftware,analyzebigdata,andcollaboratewithremotecontrolcenters.Butthisevolutiondoesn’tmakethemobsolete;itmakestheirexpertisemorespecialized.Inconclusion,whileautonomousshipswillenhanceefficiencyandsafety,humanseafarersremainessentialforhandlingunpredictability,emergencies,andthehumanelementinmaritimeoperations.Thefutureofshippingliesinapartnershipbetweentechnologyandskilledseafarers,notinreplacingonewiththeother.Part4:GraphDescription(5minutes)Topic:Describethefollowinggraphshowing“GlobalContainerPortThroughput(20102023)”andanalyzethereasonsbehindthetrends.(Assumethegraphshows:steadygrowthfrom20102019,a5%dropin2020,a12%surgein2021,thenmoderategrowthof45%in20222023.Top3ports:Shanghai,Singapore,NingboZhoushan.)Answer:Thegraphillustratesglobalcontainerportthroughputfrom2010to2023,revealingseveralkeytrends.From2010to2019,throughputgrewsteadilyatanaverageannualrateofabout34%,reachingaround850millionTEUsin2019.Thissteadygrowthreflectstheexpansionofglobaltrade,drivenbyemergingeconomieslikeChinaandIndiaincreasingtheirexports,andtheriseofecommerceboostingdemandforcontainershipping.In2020,however,throughputdroppedby5%toapproximately800millionTEUs.ThisdeclinewasprimarilyduetotheCOVID19pandemic.Lockdownsworldwidedisruptedmanufacturing,especiallyinChina(theworld’sfactory),andreducedconsumerdemand.Manyportsfacedlaborshortagesasworkersfellillorwerequarantined.Shippinglinescanceledsailings,leadingtoaslowdowninportactivities.Themoststrikingchangeoccurredin2021,withthroughputsurgingby12%toover900millionTEUs.Thisreboundwasfueledbyseveralfactors.First,asvaccinesbecameavailable,economiesreopened,andpentupconsumerdemand—especiallyforgoodslikeelectronicsandfurniture—exploded.Second,governmentsinjectedstimulusfunds,puttingmoremoneyinconsumers’hands,whichtheyspentonimportedgoods.Third,supplychaindisruptions,suchascontainershortagesandportcongestion(e.g.,thebacklogatLosAngeles/LongBeach),actuallyincreasedthroughputasshipswaitedlongeratports,andmorevesselsweredeployedtomeetdemand.From2022to2023,growthmoderatedto45%,stabilizin