試題試題2024北京一零一中高三（上）統(tǒng)練四英語2024-10-15第一部分：知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題，每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Olivia,9,wasshyatfirst.She’dneverbeenonahorsebefore.Sowhenshewasaskedtofeedcarrotstothereddish-brownhorsenamedCharlieonasummerSaturday,sheapproached____1____,unsureofherselfattimes,turningaroundtoagroupofchildrenwaitingfortheirturntofeedhim.Oliviaeventuallymadeittothehorse’smouthandCharlielicked(舔)herhandsasshe____2____himhisfavoritetreat.Oliviawasamused.“That’swhatIcalla(an)____3____,”saidSabrina,asocialworkerwhohasteamedupwiththecommunityorganizationAlkebu-lanVillagetohelpchildrenovercometheirproblemsandkeepthemonpathsto____4____.“I’mexcited,”O(jiān)liviasaidsmiling.“Ilovepettinghim.”Theprogram“StopHorsingAround”atAlkebu-lanVillagewaslaunchedthissummerwithoveradozenkidssigningup.Theyweretaughthowtoapproach,feed,brush,andmountthehorses____5____eventuallytheygotachancetoridethem.By____6____theprogram’shorseswithSabrina’shelpandforming____7____withthem,childrenbecomemoreself-awareandthenbegintorecognizeandfacenegativefeelingsandbehaviors,whichcanhelpthemcommunicatewithothersandleadtosignificantpositivechangestotheir____8____skills,self-worthandbehaviorissues.SabrinafirsttaughtthechildrenthatCharlieneededtobecome____9____withthembysmellingtheirhands.OnceCharliewascomfortable,thekidslearnedhowtopethisfaceandhead,andthenhowtousetheleadrope,cleanupCharlie’smesses,andfeedhimcarrots.Oliviawasn’ttheonlykidwhowasnervousandshyatthebeginning.ButultimatelyOliviaalsowasn’ttheonlykidtoleavemoreconfident.Their____10____consistentlyturnedintosmiles,laughterandexcitement.1.A.happily B.calmly C.slowly D.directly2.A.fed B.left C.made D.threw3.A.award B.exchange C.negotiation D.breakthrough4.A.fame B.success C.responsibility D.freedom5.A.before B.after C.as D.though6.A.takingover B.walkingwith C.caringfor D.respondingto7.A.routines B.bonds C.judgements D.ideas8.A.technical B.survival C.organizational D.social9.A.popular B.familiar C.satisfied D.patient10.A.resistance B.disappointment C.misunderstanding D.hesitation第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。ToomuchTV-watchingcanharmchildren’sabilitytolearn,newstudiessuggestinthelatestefforttoexaminetheeffectsoftelevisiononchildren.Oneofthestudieslookedatnearly400northernCaliforniathird-graders.ThosewithTVsintheirbedroomsscoredabouteightpoints___11___(low)onmathandlanguageartsteststhanchildren___12___bedroomTVs.Asecondstudy,___13___(look)atnearly1,000grown-upsinNewZealand,foundpoorereducationlevelsamong26-year-oldswho___14___(watch)lotsofTVduringchildhood.B閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。First___15___(create)bySterlingMortonin1872,TreePlantingDaywassetinordertoinspirepeople’spassionsforplantingandprotectingtrees,andtoprotectandimprovethenaturalenvironment___16___peopledependonfortheirliving.InFebruary,1979,the5thNationalPeople’sCongressofPeople’sRepublicofChinamadearesolutionthatMarch12hwouldbetakenasChineseTreePlantingDay.Sincethen,about50billiontrees___17___(plant)alloverChina.C閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Thedinnerpartyisunderthreat,announcedarecentlifestylecolumninTheTimes.Youmightwonder,“Howcanthisbe?Don’twethrowpartiesforfriendsonspecialoccasions?”But___18___TheTimesworriesaboutisanotherkindofdisappearing.Itisusuallyhostedinone’shome.Invitations___19___(send)outweeksinadvanceandthehostspreparefood___20___(careful).Yetnowadays,peopleprefertoeattakeoutfoodontheirsofawhilejugglingamobilephoneandaremotecontrol.第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AAgadgetwhichmakeswateroutofaircouldbecomethegreatesthouseholdinventionsincethemicrowave.Usingthesametechnologyasadehumidifier(除濕器),theWaterMillisabletocreateareadysupplyofdrinkingwaterbecauseitcanalwaysgetitfromanunlimitedsource—theair.Thecompanybehindthemachinesaysnotonlydoesitofferanalternativetobottledwaterindevelopedcountries,butitisasolutionforthemillionswhofaceadailywatershortage.Themachineworksbydrawinginwetairthroughafilterandoveracoolinginstrumentwhichchangesitintowaterdroplets.Itcanproduceupto12litersaday.TheWaterMillwillalsoproducemorewaterwhenstormspassover,astheamountofwaterwhichiscontainedintheairincreases.Inkeepingwithitseco-development,themachineusesthesameamountofelectricityasthreelights.InventorJonathanRitcheysaid:“Thedemandforwaterisoffthechart.Sopeoplearelookingforfreedomfromwaterdistributionsystemsthatareshakyandunreliable.”Themachine,whichisabout3feetwide,islikelytocost￡800whenitgoesonsalehereinthespring.Itsmaker,CanadianFirmElementFour,roughlycalculatesthataliterofwatercostsaround20ptoproduce.Environmentalistsstatethathalftheworld’spopulationwillfacewatershortagebecauseofclimatechangeby2080.Oneinfiveissaidtolackaccesstosafedrinking.TheWaterMillisnoteffectiveinareaswheretheamountofwatercontainedintheairisbelowabout30percent,butinBritainthatwon'tbemuchofaproblem.21.WhowouldbemostlikelyinneedofTheWaterMill?A.Ahouseholdwithhighelectricitybill.B.Residentsinanareawithfrequentstorms.C.Apersonwhohasaccesstowaterforfree.D.Someonewholacksenoughdrinkingwater.22.Whatdowelearnaboutthemachine?A.Itabsorbssteamandturnsitintowater.B.Itisveryexpensiveforfamiliestoafford.C.Itworksinthesamewayasmicrowaves.D.Ithelpstomakethewatercleantodrink.23.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ANewWaytoSolveWaterProblemB.ADehumidifiertoProduceWaterC.AMachinetoMakeWateroutofAirD.AnAbsolutelyNewInventionBTwo-ManIronmanOnSept.17,2022,Jeffandhisson,Johnny,setouttobeginthefirstofthreelegsoftheIronmancompetition,wherecompetitorsmustcompletea140milesofswimming,bicyclingandrunninginunder17hours.Notthatlongago,Johnnycouldbarelywalkafewstepsbecausehewasbornwithcerebralpalsy(腦癱).Buthisdreamofbeingarunnerneverstopped.FromthedayJohnnywasborn,Jeffrefusedtolethisson’sdisabilityholdhimback.DeterminedtoshowJohnnythathecouldpursuehisdreamofbeinganathlete,Jeffhelpedhimengageinrunning.Theybeganwakingupat4a.m.soJeffcouldrunwhilepushinghissoninaspecialwheelchaircalledaracingchair.Everymorning,theydrovethemselvestorunincreasinglylongerdistances.Soon,theywereentering5Kraces,thenontoIronmancompetition.JeffwouldactasJohnny’sarmsandlegs,carryingtheweightofhissonthroughouttherace.Theracebeganwitha2.4-mileswim.SettlingJohnnyintoakayak,Jeffeasedhimselfintothewater.Swimmingwhiledragginganotherpersonwasverytough.Butworstofall,Jeffhadtostrugglewithjellyfish.“IoccupiedmymindbycountingthenumberoftimesIgotstung(蟄),”hesays.Afterthetwomencompletedthetoughbikesectioninroughlyninehours,theysettheirsightsonthefinallegoftherace—a26.2-milemarathon.They’dbeencompetingfor10.5hours,leavinganother6.5hourstomaketheirtime.ButatMile19,Johnnysawtheclocktickingdownandworriedtheywouldn’tmakethecutoff.Despitethetiredness,Jeffwasconvincedtheyweregoingallrightandthenpickedupthepace.Withminutesleftand200feettothefinishline,JeffstoppedtohelpJohnnyoutofhisracingchairandhandedhimhisrollingwalker.Afteryearsofpainstakingwork,Johnnywasdeterminedtofinishhisracesonhisown.After16hours,55minutesand35seconds,thefatherandsoncrossedthefinishlinetogether.AsthecrowdcheeredonanoverwhelmedJohnny,awearyJeffkeptalowprofle.“Myfatherdidn’twanthisfinishlinemoment,”saysJohnny,tearsineyes.“Hewantedittobemine.”24.WhydidJeffleadJohnnytorunning?A.TogetclosertoJohnny. B.TofulfillJohnny’sdream.C.TodiscoverJohnny’sinterest. D.TospeedupJohnny’srecovery.25.WhatchallengedJeffmostintheswimmingrace?A.Lackofenergy. B.Painfrominjuries.C.Mentaltiredness. D.Bodyweightchange.26.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJohnnyaccordingtothepassage?A.Strong-willedandgrateful. B.Warm-heartedandsensitive.C.Patientandgenerous. D.Toughandhumorous.27.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords. B.Fathersarenotborn;theyaremade.C.Thevalueofalovingfatherhasnoprice. D.Successcomesfromfailuresalongthejourney.COfthemorethan3,000speciesofmosquitoesintheworld,justasmallnumberspecializeinsuckinghumanblood.Howmosquitoestrackusdownsoeffectivelyisn’tcurrentlyknown,butitmatters,sincetheycarrydangerousdiseaseswhichmaycausedeath.“Infact,stoppingtheseannoyinginsectsintheirtrackscouldsaveuptohalfamillionliveslosttothosediseaseseachyear,”saidCarolynGauff,aprofessorofecologyandevolutionarybiologyatthePrincetonNeuroscienceInstitute.That’swhyGauff’steamwantstounderstandhowtheyfindandtargethumans.Mosquitoesmostlychoosewhattobitebasedonodor(氣味).Knowinghowapotentiallydisease-carryingmosquitofindsaperson,whileignoringotherwarm-bloodedanimals,isakeyquestion.Butit’snoteasytoanswer,sinceanyanimalsmellismadeupofhundredsofchemicalsmixedtogetherinspecificpercentage.“Theactualchemicalsthatarefoundinhumanodorarebasicallythesameasthechemicalsfoundinanimalodor—it’sthepercentagesandtherelativelargeamountofthosesubstancesinhumanmixturesthat’sunique,”saidGauff.Toinvestigate,researchersdecidedtorecordneuralactivityinthebrainofmosquitoeswhileexposingthemtonaturalhumanandanimalodorsamples.Theycollectedodorsamplesfromabout40differentanimals.Whentheycomparedsomeofthosewiththe16humansamples,somethingjumpedout.Decanalisparticularlyrichinhumanskin.Commoninthenaturalworld,inhumans,decanalcomesfromanother,morecomplexsubstance.Whenonecomponentofourskin’snaturaloils,sapienicacid,breaksdown,decanalisleftover.Thisacidisonlyfoundinhumanbeings.It’swhatlikelyleadstothehighlevelsofdecanalthathelpthemosquitoessmelltheirwaytous.Understandingwhatthemosquitoesaretargetingisonlypartofthestory;knowinghowtheydoitisalsoimportant.Toseeexactlyhowmosquitoesusethissense,scientistsusedgeneticallymodified(轉(zhuǎn)基因的)mosquitoessothattheycouldcutopenmosquitoes’headsandwatchneuronsfiringwhenthey’reexposedtohumanandanimalodors.Theresearchteamalreadyknewthatmosquitoeshaveabout60differenttypesofneuronsthatsenseodors,sowhentheylookedintheinsects’brains,theythoughttheymightseealotofactivity.Butitwassurprisinglyquiet,meaningthatthesignalwasperhapsquitesimple,downtojustacoupletypesofneurons.“Onetypeofneuronrespondedreallystronglytobothhumansandanimals.Anothertypeofneuronrespondedtoboth—butitrespondedmuchmorestronglytohumansthananimals,”Gauffsaid.Howtokeepmosquitoes’decanalsignalfrombeingtransmittedwillbetheresearchteam’snextfocus.Gauffhopedtheircurrentworkcouldbeusedtomakemosquitokillersandattractantstopreventdisease.28.What’sthefinalpurposeoftheresearchconductedbyGauff’steam?A.Tostudywhyonlycertainmosquitoessuckhumanblood.B.Toinvestigatetheneuralactivityinmosquitoes’brains.C.Tohelppreventdeadlydiseasescausedbymosquitoes.D.Totesttheeffectivenessofmosquitokillers.29.Towhichsubstance(s)wouldmosquitoesmostlybeattracted?A.Naturaloilfromhumanskin.B.Chemicalsintheenvironment.C.Decanalgeneratedinhumanblood.D.Remainsofdecomposedsapienicacid.30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Mostmosquitoneuronsarenotinvolvedinrespondingtohumanodor.B.Geneticallymodifiedmosquitoesarenotsensitivetohumanodor.C.Furtherresearchwillfocusonodorsignalandneuralconnection.D.Chemicalsfoundinhumanandanimalodorsarequitedifferent.DThestart-upthatattractedthelargestinvestmentinthehistoryofcybersecurity,ofmorethanhalfabilliondollars,hasasimplegoal:apasswordlessfuture.Despitethespreadofpasswordmanagementsoftwarethatcangenerateandremembercomplicatedstringsofrandomcharacters,someofthemostcommonpasswordsarestill“12345”,“password”and“iloveyou”.Asaresult,morethan80percentofhacksinvolvethesekindsofpasswords;andpasswordsremainthemostsought-afterdatabyhackers,aboveotherpersonalorsensitiveinformation.Inmanycases,individualsaretrickedintohandingoverpassworddetailsbyphishingemailsandothersocialengineeringtechniques.Hackershavesoughttobreakintoappsandstealentirepassworddatabasesaswell.Passwordsarealsounderattackfromnewtechnology,suchasautomatedprogramsthatcanrapidlytrytoguessthem,orcantrystolenpasswordsonmultipleonlineaccounts.Sincetheneedtoreplacetheeasilyforgottenandhighlyhackablestringsoflettersandnumbersthatweusetoaccesseverydaylifehasbecomeevenmoreurgent,theracetoreplacethepasswordisunderway,withbiometric-based(基于生物識別的)securityemergingasoneofthemostsought-aftersolutions.AccordingtoTieo,aunionofmorethan250companies,whichpromotesastandardsystemofpasswordlessauthentication(身份驗證),thevastmajorityofconsumerserviceswillofferpasswordlessloginsystemsinthenextcoupleofyears.“Ifdonecorrectlyandsafely,biometricsarereallyhelpingusmovetoapasswordlessfutureinarapidmanner,”saidAndrewJenkinson,CEOofTieo.Buttherearestillrisksassociatedwiththeuseofbiometricauthentication.Unlikepasswords,biometricscannotbechanged.Thismeanssuchdatamustbecloselyguardedforprivacypurposesandtopreventspoofing—hackerstryingtotrickcamerasorsensorswithphotos,ormasksoftheirvictim.“Biometricauthenticationandpasswordlessauthenticationhasitsownattacksurface,”saidPaulSmith,directorofsecurityresearchatCyberPek.Histeamrevealedthatithadfoundadesignproblemwhichwouldallowpotentialattackerstobypassfacialrecognitionloginbyinjectingaspoofedphotoofauser’sfaceintotheprocess.Thebiggestobstaclestandinginthewayofthestart-upshopingtokillthepasswordishowtochangeyearsofhabit.EricBrown,founderofTAKCyber,acyberresearchandadvisorycompany,arguedthatwhilesensitiveapplicationsmayrapidlyshiftfrompasswords,otherwebsiteshavelessmotivationtoupdatetheirsystems.“You’llnevergetridofthem,”hesaid.“We’renevergoingtogettothepost-passwordera.”31.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.Whypasswordsarethemostsought-afterdata.B.Howpasswordsarestolenbyphishingemails.C.Howpasswordshavecausedustrouble.D.Whypasswordsaredifficulttosecure.32.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Facialrecognitionloginisthekeytofightinghackers.B.Biometricauthenticationhasitsownsetofproblems.C.TAKCyber’sloginsystemguaranteesthesafetyofdata.D.Spoofingbringsmoreproblemsthanautomatedprograms.33.WhatisEricBrown’sattitudetowardsapasswordlessfuture?A.Indifferent. B.Passionate. C.Pessimistic. D.Objective.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Biometricauthentication:passwordsecuritysolution!B.Start-upsracetowelcomeapasswordlessfutureC.TheargumenttoendpasswordshasbegunD.Killingthepassword:acureorafantasy?第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。(E=A+B,F=A+C,G=A+D)ThePositiveEffectsofaPositiveAffectParentsoftenhavehighhopesforhowtheirchildrenwillturnoutinadulthood,suchaswantingthemtobehealthy,tofeelsatisfiedwiththeircareer,andtohavestrongfriendships.____35____Recentresearchsuggeststhatateen’saffect—especiallypositiveaffect—isonecriticalfactor.Whatexactlyisaffect?Affectisthetendencytoexpresspositiveornegativeemotions,whichinturninfluenceshowweexperiencethingsanddeterminewhethertojudgeagivensituationaspositiveornegative.____36____Moreover,researchsuggeststhataperson’saffectisrelativelystableovertime,especiallybythetimeonereachesadulthood.Affectistypicallydescribedintermsofbeingeitherpositiveornegative,anditseemsthatpositiveaffect,inparticular,isrelatedtoanumberofbeneficialoutcomesinadulthood.Insupportofthiscrucialrolethatpositiveaffecthasindevelopment,astudybyresearchersattheUniversityofVirginiafollowedteenagersandyoungadultsfromages14to25,allowingthemtounderstandthepredictivepowerofpositiveaffectacrossthecriticaldevelopmentalperiodfromadolescencetoyoungadulthood.____37____Forexample,teenswithahigherpositiveaffectreportedhadastronger,healthierattachmenttotheirfriends.____38____Positiveaffectalsopredictedincreasedself-worthandjobcompetence,suggestingthat,overall,positiveaffectseemstobeakeypredictorofyoungadultsuccessacrossseveralimportantareasoffunctioning.Butwhatabouttheeffectsofnegativeaffect?Theresearchersalsoexaminedwhethernegativeaffectwouldpredictproblemsinyoungadulthood.____39____Thus,theimportanttakeawayisthatadolescentpositiveaffectmayhavepowerfullinkstoimportantlifeoutcomesinthedomainsofpersonalwell-being,career,andsocialrelationshipsuptoadecadelater.A.Affectiveresponsestoeventstypicallyhappenautomatically.B.Sohowcanparentshelptheirchildrengraspthemeaningofpositiveaffect?C.Butwhatfactorshelpproducetheseoutcomesasteensmovefromadolescencetoadulthood?D.Interestingly,theresultssuggestedthatpositiveaffectmaygobeyondhelpingteensbuildpositiverelationships.E.Theresultsuncoveredthatnegativeaffectmightaccountformanylifeproblemswhenateenagerbecameayoungadult.F.Unlikepositiveaffect,havinggreaternegativeaffectdidnothaveanysignificantassociationswithanyofthelaterlifeoutcomes.G.Thisstudyfoundthatpositiveaffectwasstronglypredictiveoflifeoutcomesinyoungadulthood,suchasdevelopingbetterfriendships.第三部分：書面表達(共20分)40.假如你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華，你校外籍老師Jim計劃不久回國，他想帶回一份具有中國傳統(tǒng)文化特色的禮物送給媽媽，寫信向你咨詢，請你給他回復(fù)郵件。內(nèi)容包括：1.推薦禮物的名稱及推薦理由；2.向他家人表示祝愿并祝他旅途愉快。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。DearJim,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua

參考答案第一部分：知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題，每小題1.5分，共15分)【答案】1.C2.A3.D4.B5.A6.C7.B8.D9.B10.D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。本文介紹了一個項目，旨在讓那些害羞的孩子通過與馬建立聯(lián)系，逐漸變得自信開朗。【1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：所以，當(dāng)她在一個夏天的周六被要求喂紅褐色的馬查理胡蘿卜時，她慢慢地走近，有時不自信，轉(zhuǎn)向一群等著喂它的孩子。A.happily高興地；B.calmly平靜地；C.slowly緩慢地；D.directly直接地。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Olivia,9,wasshyatfirst.She’dneverbeenonahorsebefore.(9歲的奧利維亞一開始很害羞。她以前從未騎過馬。)”可知她很害羞，所以當(dāng)她被要求喂馬時，她應(yīng)該是緩慢地靠近。故選C項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：奧利維亞最終把胡蘿卜放到了馬口，查理舔了舔她的手，她喂了他最喜歡的食物。A.fed喂；B.left離開；C.made做；D.threw扔。通過上文可知她不敢喂馬到最終把食物喂到了馬的嘴里。當(dāng)她把食物喂到馬的嘴里時，查理舔了舔她的手。故選A項。【3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“這就是我所說的突破，”薩布麗娜說，她是一名社會工作者，與社區(qū)組織阿爾克布蘭村合作，幫助孩子們克服他們的問題，讓他們走上成功的道路。A.award獎項；B.exchange交流；C.negotiation談判；D.breakthrough突破。根據(jù)上文Oliver由開始的害羞不敢喂馬，到最后把食物喂到馬的嘴里，這是一種突破。故選D項?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“就是我所說的突破，”薩布麗娜說，她是一名社會工作者，與社區(qū)組織阿爾克布蘭村合作，幫助孩子們克服他們的問題，讓他們走上成功的道路。A.fame名聲；B.success成功；C.responsibility責(zé)任；D.freedom自由。這個項目是幫助孩子突破自我走上成功的道路。故選B項?！?題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：他們學(xué)會了如何接近、喂馬、刷馬和上馬，最后才有機會騎上它們。A.before在……之前；B.after在……之后；C.as當(dāng)……時候/因為；D.though雖然。根據(jù)句意可知，在他們騎馬之前需要學(xué)會接近馬，喂馬和刷馬等。故選A項?！?題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：通過在Sabrina的幫助下照顧項目中的馬，并與它們建立聯(lián)系，孩子們變得更有自我意識，然后開始認識和面對消極的感受和行為，這可以幫助他們與他人溝通，并導(dǎo)致他們的社交技能、自我價值和行為問題發(fā)生重大的積極變化。A.takeover接管；B.walkwith與……同行；C.carefor照顧/關(guān)心；D.respondto回應(yīng)。通過前文“theyweretaughthowtoapproach,feed,brush,andmountthehorses(他們學(xué)會了如何接近、喂馬、刷馬和上馬)”可知，孩子們通過照顧馬和馬建立聯(lián)系。故選C項。【7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：通過在Sabrina的幫助下照顧項目中的馬，并與它們建立聯(lián)系，孩子們變得更有自我意識，然后開始認識和面對消極的感受和行為，這可以幫助他們與他人溝通，并導(dǎo)致他們的社交技能、自我價值和行為問題發(fā)生重大的積極變化。A.routines常規(guī)；B.bonds聯(lián)系；C.judgements判斷；D.ideas主意。根據(jù)句意，孩子們通過照顧馬與馬建立聯(lián)系。故選B項?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：通過在Sabrina的幫助下照顧項目中的馬，并與它們建立聯(lián)系，孩子們變得更有自我意識，然后開始認識和面對消極的感受和行為，這可以幫助他們與他人溝通，并導(dǎo)致他們的社交技能、自我價值和行為問題發(fā)生重大的積極變化。A.technical技術(shù)的；B.survival幸存的；C.organizational組織的；D.social社會的；社交的。根據(jù)本句“whichcanhelpthemcommunicatewithothers(這能幫助孩子與他人溝通)，表明孩子們的社交技能將會發(fā)生積極變化。故選D項?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Sabrina首先教孩子們，查理需要通過聞他們的手來熟悉他們。A.popular流行的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.satisfied感到滿意的；D.patient有耐心的。根據(jù)下一句“OnceCharliewascomfortable,thekidslearnedhowtopethisfaceandhead,andthenhowtousetheleadrope,cleanupCharlie’smesses,andfeedhimcarrots.(一旦查理舒服了，孩子們就學(xué)會了如何撫摸他的臉和頭，然后學(xué)會了如何使用牽繩，收拾查理的爛攤子，給他喂胡蘿卜。)”可知，查理一開始是先從聞手上的氣味開始熟悉孩子們。一旦熟悉了，孩子們就可以撫摸他們的臉和頭。故選B項?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們的猶豫相符地變成了微笑、笑聲和興奮。A.resistance抗拒；B.disappointment失望；C.misunderstanding誤解；D.hesitation猶豫。由最后一段“Oliviawasn’ttheonlykidwhowasnervousandshyatthebeginning.ButultimatelyOliviaalsowasn’ttheonlykidtoleavemoreconfident.(奧利維亞并不是唯一一個一開始就緊張害羞的孩子。但最終奧利維亞也不是唯一一個離開時更加自信的孩子。)可知，孩子們由一開始的猶豫最后轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榱俗孕藕臀⑿?。故選D項。第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)【答案】11.lower12.without13.looking14.hadwatched##watched【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項最新研究顯示：過度看電視會對兒童的學(xué)習(xí)能力造成損害?！?1題詳解】考查比較級。句意：臥室里有電視的孩子在數(shù)學(xué)和語言藝術(shù)測試中的得分比臥室里沒有電視的孩子低8分左右。根據(jù)空后的“than”可知，此處使用形容詞low的比較級。故填lower。【12題詳解】考查介詞。句意：同上。根據(jù)前文的withTvs可知，此處表示“臥室內(nèi)沒有電視的孩子們”。故填without?！?3題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：另一項研究對新西蘭近1000名成年人進行了調(diào)查，發(fā)現(xiàn)在童年時期看了很多電視的26歲人群中，受教育程度較低。句中found為謂語動詞，設(shè)空處使用非謂語動詞，此處asecondstudy與look之間為主動關(guān)系，故使用現(xiàn)在分詞looking作定語。故填looking?！?4題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：同上。設(shè)空處使用動詞作謂語，根據(jù)前文的found可知句子表述過去事實，故使用一般過去時即用watched；或者可以表示設(shè)空處動作發(fā)生在found之間，即使用過去完成時，用hadwatched。故填hadwatched/watched?！敬鸢浮?5.created16.which##that17.havebeenplanted【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要講述了植樹節(jié)的起源、意義以及在中國的發(fā)展情況?！?5題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：植樹節(jié)于1872年由斯特林·莫頓（SterlingMorton）首創(chuàng)，旨在激發(fā)人們種樹和保護樹木的熱情，保護和改善人們賴以生存的自然環(huán)境。句中wasset為謂語動詞，設(shè)空處使用非謂語動詞，此處TreePlantingDay與create之間是被動關(guān)系，故使用過去分詞作狀語。故填created?！?6題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：同上。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，關(guān)系詞在從句中作on的賓語，修飾先行詞environment，為物用which或者that。故填which或者that?！?7題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：從那時起，中國各地種植了大約500億棵樹。句中sincethen為現(xiàn)在完成時的時間標(biāo)志，同時主語50billiontrees與plant之間是被動關(guān)系，故使用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。故填havebeenplanted?！敬鸢浮?8.what19.aresent20.carefully【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了《泰晤士報》最近的一篇生活方式專欄的文章：現(xiàn)代生活中晚餐聚會逐漸消失的現(xiàn)象?！?8題詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：但是《泰晤士報》所擔(dān)心的是另一種消失。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的是主語從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作賓語，指代“擔(dān)心的事”用what。故填what?！?9題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：邀請函會提前幾周發(fā)出，主人會精心準(zhǔn)備食物。設(shè)空處使用動詞作謂語，根據(jù)后文的prepare可知，設(shè)空處使用一般現(xiàn)在時。同時invitations與send之間是被動關(guān)系，故使用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，主語invitations為復(fù)數(shù)。故填aresent?！?0題詳解】考查副詞。句意：同上。句中使用careful的副詞修飾從此prepare作狀語。故填carefully。第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)【答案】21.D22.A23.C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。本文介紹了一款名為WaterMill的創(chuàng)新裝置，該裝置利用類似于除濕器的技術(shù)從空氣中提取飲用水。它不僅為發(fā)達國家提供了瓶裝水的替代品，還為數(shù)百萬面臨日常水資源短缺的人們提供了解決方案?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Thecompanybehindthemachinesaysnotonlydoesitofferanalternativetobottledwaterindevelopedcountries,butitisasolution

forthemillionswhofaceadailywatershortage.(制造這臺機器的公司表示，它不僅為發(fā)達國家提供了瓶裝水的替代品，而且為數(shù)百萬每天面臨缺水的人提供了解決方案。)”可知，這臺機器不僅為發(fā)達國家提供了瓶裝水的替代品，而且為數(shù)百萬每天面臨水資源短缺的人們提供了解決方案。因此，最有可能需要WaterMill的是那些缺乏足夠飲用水的人。故選D。【22題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。文章第四段中“Themachineworksbydrawinginwetairthroughafilterandoveracoolinginstrumentwhichchangesitintowaterdroplets.

(這臺機器的工作原理是通過過濾器吸入濕空氣，并通過冷卻裝置將其轉(zhuǎn)化為水滴。)”可知，此處描述了機器的工作原理，這意味著機器通過吸入濕空氣，經(jīng)過過濾器和冷卻裝置，將其轉(zhuǎn)化為水滴，即吸收了水蒸氣并轉(zhuǎn)化為水。故選A?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Usingthesametechnologyasadehumidifier(除濕器),theWaterMillisabletocreateareadysupplyofdrinkingwaterbecauseitcanalwaysgetitfromanunlimitedsource—theair.(利用與除濕器相同的技術(shù)，水磨可以從無限的資源——空氣中——源源不斷地產(chǎn)生飲用水。)”以及通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了一種能從空氣中制造飲用水的裝置WaterMill，因此最適合的標(biāo)題是描述這個裝置的功能或特點的。C選項“AMachinetoMakeWateroutofAir(一種能從空氣中制造水的機器)”直接概括了文章的主要內(nèi)容，符合題意。故選C?！敬鸢浮?4.B25.B26.A27.C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了父親杰夫為了實現(xiàn)患腦癱的兒子約翰尼成為跑步運動員的夢想，每天陪著約翰尼練習(xí)，并一起參加比賽，在通過終點線時，杰夫默默站在一邊，因為他希望這一刻的榮譽只屬于兒子約翰尼。文章體現(xiàn)了以為父親無私的愛?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Buthisdreamofbeingarunnerneverstopped.(但他成為一名跑步運動員的夢想從未停止過)”和第二段中“DeterminedtoshowJohnnythathecouldpursuehisdreamofbeinganathlete,Jeffhelpedhimengageinrunning.Theybeganwakingupat4a.m.soJeffcouldrunwhilepushinghissoninaspecialwheelchaircalledaracingchair.Everymorning,theydrovethemselvestorunincreasinglylongerdistances.(為了讓約翰尼知道他可以追求成為運動員的夢想，杰夫幫助他參加跑步。他們開始在凌晨4點起床，這樣杰夫就可以一邊跑步，一邊推著他坐在一種叫做比賽椅的特殊輪椅上的兒子。每天早上，他們迫使自己跑得越來越快)”可知，杰夫領(lǐng)著約翰尼跑步是為了實現(xiàn)約翰尼成為跑步運動員的夢想。故選B?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Butworstofall,Jeffhadtostrugglewithjellyfish.“IoccupiedmymindbycountingthenumberoftimesIgotstung(蟄),”hesays.(但最糟糕的是，杰夫不得不與水母搏斗。他說：“我滿腦子都是被蜇的次數(shù)?！?”可知，在游泳比賽中，被水母蜇的疼痛對杰夫來說最具挑戰(zhàn)性。故選B?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Theybeganwakingupat4a.m.soJeffcouldrunwhilepushinghissoninaspecialwheelchaircalledaracingchair.(他們開始在凌晨4點起床，這樣杰夫就可以一邊跑步，一邊推著他坐在一種叫做比賽椅的特殊輪椅上的兒子)”，倒數(shù)第三段中“Afterthetwomencompletedthetoughbikesectioninroughlyninehours,theysettheirsightsonthefinallegoftherace—a26.2-milemarathon.They’dbeencompetingfor10.5hours,leavinganother6.5hourstomaketheirtime.(在兩個人用了大約9個小時完成了艱難的自行車賽段后，他們把目光投向了比賽的最后一段——26.2英里的馬拉松賽。他們已經(jīng)比賽了10.5個小時，還剩下6.5個小時的時間)”以及倒數(shù)第二段中“After16hours,55minutesand35seconds,thefatherandsoncrossedthefinishlinetogether.(16小時55分35秒后，父子倆一起沖過了終點線)”可知，約翰尼每天堅持訓(xùn)練，并參加完比賽的全程，因此他是意志堅定的；根據(jù)最后一段中““Myfatherdidn’twanthisfinishlinemoment,”saysJohnny,tearsineyes.“Hewantedittobemine.”(“我父親不想要他的終點線時刻，”約翰尼說，眼里含著淚水?！八Ｍ俏业??！?”可知，約翰尼看到父親的行為感動到落淚，因此推知他對父親的付出是感激的。綜上，故選A?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，并根據(jù)第二段中“DeterminedtoshowJohnnythathecouldpursuehisdreamofbeinganathlete,Jeffhelpedhimengageinrunning.Theybeganwakingupat4a.m.soJeffcouldrunwhilepushinghissoninaspecialwheelchaircalledaracingchair.Everymorning,they