Compulsory1Unit3GettingalongwithothersⅠ.話題單詞話題詞匯embarrassv.使窘迫

ignorev.不理睬，忽視

cheatv.欺騙；作弊accompanyv.陪同，陪伴

cooperatev.合作，協(xié)作

lonelyadj.孤獨的aloneadj.單獨；獨自

friendlyadj.友好的

unfriendlyadj.不友好的colleaguen.同事

fellown.同伴，伙伴

companionn.同伴，伴侶partnern.搭檔；合伙人

roommaten.室友，舍友

brotherhoodn.兄弟般的關(guān)系

acquaintancen.熟人，認識的人neighbour/neighborn.鄰居；鄰國

cooperationn.合作conflictn.矛盾；沖突

teamworkn.協(xié)同工作promisen.&v.允諾

envyn.&v.妒忌，羨慕

debaten.&v.討論，辯論

chatn.&v.聊天，閑聊Ⅱ.話題詞塊tellalie撒謊

keepcalm保持冷靜

putupwith容忍，忍受beloyalto對……忠誠

quarrelwithsb.與某人吵架breakup絕交；解散；結(jié)束

bepopularwith受……的歡迎dosb.afavour幫某人一個忙

helpsb.withsth.幫助某人做某事havealotincommon有許多共同點

makefriendswithsb.和某人交朋友believein/trusteachother彼此信任

beready/willingtohelpothers樂于助人keep/breakone'spromise/word遵守/違背諾言haveaneffect/influence/impacton對……有影響keep/stayintouchwithsb.與某人保持聯(lián)系keepagoodrelationshipwithsb.與某人保持良好關(guān)系berude/kind/friendlytosb.對某人無禮/和藹可親/友好exchangeideas/emotions/information交流思想/情感/信息promote/strengthen/treasurefriendship增進/鞏固/珍惜友誼withone'shelp/encouragement/support在某人的幫助/鼓勵/支持下Ⅲ.話題句式1.Youareso

kindandconsideratethat

wehopetobefriendswithyounomatterwhere

youare.你(們)如此善良、體貼，我們希望無論你(們)身在何處，都能成為你(們)的朋友。2.Isincerelyhopethatwemayexchangewith

eachothermoretodevelopourfriendship.我真誠地希望我們彼此之間可以多交流，以增進我們的友誼。3.Neverwill

Iforgetyouandyourkindness.我永遠不會忘記你和你的好意。4.Inaword,afriendinneedisafriendindeed.Mayallofustreasurefriendship.總之，患難見真情。愿我們所有人都珍視友誼。Ⅳ.語法填空(一)Friendshipontherocks:pleaseadvise!AmyandJennyhavebeencloseforeightyears1.__________primaryschool.Whethertheyarewalkingtoschool,doinghomework2.__________justhangingoutattheweekend,theyarehardlyoutofeachother'ssight.ButthingschangedlastSaturday.Their3.__________(origin)planwastoseeafilmatthecinemathatafternoon.Butinthemorning,Jennypostedamessageonsocialmedia4.__________(say)shehadacold.Amytoldher5.__________(have)arest.However,insteadofrecoveringathome,shewasouthavingfunwithsomeoneelse.Hearingthis,Amywasannoyed.Asshewasata6.__________(lose)whattodonext,she7.__________(seek)advicefromaforumonline.FromCindy'sviewpoint,thisfriendshipisworthsaving:eightyearsisalongtime!Amyshouldfind8.______opportunitytohaveafullandfranktalkwithherfriend.9._______David'sopinion,itwaswiseofAmytorethinkandevenletgoofthefriendshipifshe10.______________(trick).sinceororiginalsaying

tohavelosssoughtanInhadbeentricked(二)OfFriendshipWhenweseek1.__________(be)alone,wemustbecarefulthatwedon'tescapeintoourownworld.Sociallifeisalsoofimportancetous.2.__________(general)speaking,closefriendshipshavethree“fruits”.Thefirstfruitisthepeace3.__________comesfromsharingwithfriendsourjoy,sadness,successandfailure.Withtruefriends,wefeelfreetosharewhateverwehaveexperienced4.__________fullmeasure.Thesecondoneisthebetterunderstandingand5._________________(judge)thatmaybeachievedby6._____________(communicate)withtruefriends.Asaresult,weoftenfind7.__________easiertodealwithaproblemwithourfriends'help.The8.__________(three)fruitoffriendshipisthehelpafriendmayofferinmanydifferent9.__________(way).Finally,keepitinmindthatfriendsshouldbecarefullychosenandrelationshipscarefully10.__________(develop).tobeGenerallythat/whichinjudgement/judgmentcommunicatingitthirdwaysdeveloped單詞通關(guān)1.sight

n.視野；視力；看見教材原句：Whetherwe'rewalkingtoschool,doinghomeworkorjusthangingoutattheweekend,we'rehardlyoutofeachother'ssight.(P30)不論我們是步行去上學，做作業(yè)，還是周末出去玩，我們倆幾乎沒有離開彼此的視線。outofone'ssight脫離某人的視線outofsight在視野外；看不見in/withinsight在視野內(nèi)；可能即將發(fā)生，在望atfirstsight乍一看，初看時atthesightof…一看見……catchsightof看到；瞥見losesightof看不見；忽略，忘記comeintosight出現(xiàn)disappearfromsight消失不見sightseeing

n.觀光eyesight

n.視力?

單句語法填空/完成句子①Suddenlyhecaughtsight____________hersmallblackvelvethatinthecrowd.②CaoShengkang______________(失去了他的視力)attheageofeightinacaraccident.(2022·全國甲卷)③EverytimeI_____________________(看到我自己)inthemirror,Ifeelsoconfident.④Anagreementonmanyaspectsoftradepolicy______________(即將達成).⑤Ithinkapointthatmanypeople______________(忽略)ishoweasyitcanbetofallbehindschedule.(2024·全國新課標Ⅰ卷·浙江)⑥Foraverylongmoment,thistinycreaturelookedintomyeyes,turningherheadfromsidetoside.Thensheflewquickly______________(看不見了).(2023·全國新課標Ⅰ卷·浙江)oflosthiseyesightcatchsightofmyselfisin/withinsightlosesightofoutofsight2.judge

vt.&vi.評價，(尤指)批評；判斷，認為n.法官；裁判員教材原句：Don'tbesoquicktojudgeyourfriend.(P31)不要這么快評價你的朋友。?judge…from/by…從……來判斷……asfarasIcanjudge據(jù)我判斷；依我看?judgingby/from…從……來看；根據(jù)……來判斷(用在句首時作為一個獨立成分，不受句子主語和時態(tài)的影響)judgement/judgment

n.判斷力；意見；評價；判決?

單句語法填空/完成句子①Theywillcommunicatewiththe____________(judge)onlyforclearandobviouserrorsorseriousmissedincidents.②____________(judge)fromthebookIhaveread,Ithinkheisaverypromisingwriter.③Wearingproperclothesisimportanttoo,forlocalswilljudgeyou___________whatyouwear.④依我看，閱讀和寫作課程適合你，因為你打算閱讀書面文本并分享你的想法。____________________,theReadingandWritingcoursesarefitforyou,becauseyouintendtoreadwrittentextsandshareyourthoughts.(應(yīng)用文寫作之建議信)judgesJudgingfrom/byAsfarasIcanjudge3.apologize

vi.道歉，謝罪教材原句：

Perhapssheknowsshe'sinthewrongandwantstoapologize,ormaybeshehasasimpleexplanationforherbehaviour.(P31)或許她知道自己錯了，想道歉，又或許她可以簡單地解釋自己的行為。apologizetosb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事向某人道歉apology

n.道歉offeranapology主動道歉makeanapologytosb.for(doing)sth.為(做)某事向某人道歉owesb.anapology＝oweanapologytosb.欠某人一個道歉aletterofapology一封道歉信apologetic

adj.道歉的，謝罪的?

單句語法填空/一句多譯①Weapologize____________thedelayandregretanyinconvenienceitmayhavecaused.②Youmustapologize________her________havingkeptherwaiting.③Heofferedasincere__________(apologize)forhisbehaviour.④Iflashedhiman____________(apology)smileasIpulledoutmyPortuguesebankcard.(2024·全國新課標Ⅰ卷)⑤我必須為我昨晚的粗魯行為向他道歉。Imust________________________myrudenesslastnight.(apology)＝Imust________________________myrudenesslastnight.(apologize)fortoforapologyapologeticmakeanapologytohimforapologizetohimfor4.respect

vt.尊重，尊敬n.尊重，敬意；重視；方面教材原句：Imustrespectandsupportthechoiceshemakes.(P37)我必須尊重和支持他的選擇。show/haverespectfor尊重win/gain/earnrespect(ofsb.)贏得(某人的)尊重give/pay/sendone'srespectstosb.向某人問候with(alldue)respect恕我直言withrespecttosth.關(guān)于；就……而言inthis/that/all/everyrespect在這/那/各個/每個方面inrespectof＝withrespectto關(guān)于，就……而言respectful

adj.恭敬的，有禮貌的respectfully

adv.恭敬地，畢恭畢敬地respective

adj.各自的，分別的respectively

adv.各自地，分別地respected

adj.受尊重的respectable

adj.可敬的；品行端正的；可觀的，相當大的；體面的?

單句語法填空/完成句子①Youmustshowrespect____________thefeelingofothers.②Thetwogroupsweresimilarwithrespect____________incomeandstatus.③Theymakemefeelvaluedand__________(respect),nomattermylevelofartisticability.(2023·全國新課標Ⅱ卷)④Putatieon—_______________________________(這樣你會顯得更體面).(應(yīng)用文寫作之建議信)⑤Tobehonest,thisplanisperfect____________________(在每個方面).fortorespectedit'llmakeyoulookmorerespectableineveryrespect5.seek

(sought,sought)vi.試圖；尋找；爭取vt.尋求；尋找教材原句：However,whenweseektobealone,wemustbecarefulthatwedonotalwaysescapeintoourownworld.(P39)然而，當我們試圖獨處的時候，我們必須小心，不要總是逃避到自己的世界里去。seektodosth.試圖做某事(＝trytodosth.)seekfor/aftersb./sth.尋找某人/尋求某物seeksth.fromsb.向某人尋求某物seekone'sfortune外出闖蕩；尋找發(fā)財?shù)臋C會seekadvice/helpfromsb.征求某人的意見/尋求某人的幫助seekout挑選出，物色hideandseek捉迷藏seeker

n.尋求者?

單句語法填空/完成句子①Itisscientists'dutytoseek____________thetruth.②Besides,businessesseek____________(appeal)tocustomers'senses.③Ibelievewecanseek____________asuitablepersonforthispositionfromthecandidates.④Youshould_______________________(征求你的律師的意見)onthismatter.⑤ColescametotheYukoninthe1960s_________________(尋找發(fā)財?shù)臋C會).for/aftertoappealoutseekadvicefromyourlawyertoseekhisfortune6.benefit

n.優(yōu)勢，益處，成效vt.使受益vi.得益于教材原句：Asweliveinsocialgroups,therearemanybenefitsoffriendshipthatwecanenjoy.(P39)由于我們生活在社會群體中，我們可以享受到友誼帶來的很多好處。?beofbenefitto對……有益toone'sbenefit對某人有利forthebenefitofsb.為了某人的利益；為了幫助某人havethebenefitof有……的優(yōu)勢；得益于?benefitsb.對某人有益benefitfrom/bysth.從……受益beneficial

adj.有益的，有用的bebeneficialto對……有益?

單句語法填空/一句多譯①Enoughsleep,freshairandgoodfoodare__________(benefit)tohealth.②Ihavetypedoutsomelecturenotes__________thebenefitofthosepeoplewhowereabsentlastweek.③However,ifyou'reshoppingforone,buyingextratobenefit__________pricereductionsdoesn'tmakesense.(2024·全國新課標Ⅰ卷·浙江)④鍛煉對我們的健康非常有益。_________________________________________

(goodadj.)＝_______________________________________

(beneficialadj.)＝_______________________________________

(benefitn.)＝_______________________________________(benefitvi.)＝_______________________________________

(benefitvt.)beneficialforfrom/byExerciseisverygoodforourhealth.Exerciseismorethanbeneficialtoourhealth.Workingoutisofgreatbenefittoourhealth.Ourhealthbenefitsalotfromworkingout.Exercisebenefitsourhealthverymuch.詞塊積累1.makeit

能夠出席；準時到達；獲得成功教材原句：WhenIcalledher,shesaidshemightnotbeabletomakeittothecinema.(P30)當我打電話給她時，她說她可能去不了電影院了。believeitornot信不信由你

asitis實際情況是；照原樣子itisuptosb.由某人決定，取決于某人

takeitfromsb.相信某人的話worthit有好處，值得做

Don'tmentionit.別提了。/不用謝。That'sit.搞定。/完全正確。/就是這樣。Takeitorleaveit.要么接受，要么放棄。Takeit/thingseasy.不要慌。/別擔心。/沉住氣。It/Thatalldepends.那得看情況。?

寫出下列句中畫線部分的含義①I'msorryIwon'tbeabletomake

it

tothepartyonSaturday. ______________②Theflightleavesintwentyminutes—we'llnevermake

it. ______________③Heneverreallymade

it

asanactor. ______________能夠出席準時到達獲得成功2.inanycase

無論如何，不管怎樣教材原句：Inanycase,findanopportunitytohaveafullandfranktalkwithher.(P31)無論如何，找個機會和她深入、坦誠地談一談。incase以防incaseof如果，假使innocase決不(位于句首時句子要部分倒裝)insome/mostcases在某些情況/大多數(shù)情況下inthis/thatcase既然這樣/那樣asisoftenthecase(with…)(對……而言)這是常有的事情?

單句語法填空/完成句子①____________isoftenthecase,teenagersarefondofplayingonlinegames.②Incase____________anaccident,oneshouldgivetheinjuredpersonfirstaidatonce.③Innocase_______________________________(我們不能違背自然法則)orwe'llmeetendlesssuffering.④Youmaythinkofgivingupstudying.________________(這樣的話),justthinkitoverbeforemakingadecision.⑤______________________________(你們有沒有過這樣的情況)someoneaccusedyourjournalistsofgettingthewrongendofthestick?AsofcanwegoagainstthelawofnatureInthiscaseHaveyoueverhadacasewhere句式點撥1.whether…or…

引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句教材原句：Whetherwe'rewalkingtoschool,doinghomeworkorjusthangingoutattheweekend,we'rehardlyoutofeachother'ssight.(P30)不論我們是步行去上學，做作業(yè)，還是周末出去玩，我們倆幾乎沒有離開彼此的視線。①whether…or…引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表示“不論……還是……”。②whether…ornot…無論……是否……③引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞(詞組)：although、though、as、while、evenif、eventhough、疑問詞＋ever、nomatter＋疑問詞?

單句語法填空/完成句子①HesuggestedIthinkaboutthedifferencebetweenendingsthatsatisfiedthestoryeven__________theydidn'thaveatraditionallypositiveoutcome.(2024·全國甲卷)②Iscomprehensionthesame____________apersonreadsatextonscreenoronpaper?(2024·全國新課標Ⅰ卷)③Whetheryou'rehikingabackcountrytrail(小徑),camping,__________justenjoyingthepark'samazingwildlifefromtheroad,thisquickworkshopisforyouandyourfamily.(2023·全國新課標Ⅱ卷)④It'snotacaseof______________________________(會不會有人注意到).⑤_____________________________________(無論他去哪里),healwaysgoestovisitthelocalbeautyspotsandplacesofhistoricalinterest.if/thoughwhetherorwhetheranyonewouldnoticeornotWhereverhegoes或Nomatterwherehegoes2.as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句教材原句：Aswewalkthe“pathoflife”,wemaysometimeswishtobealonewithourownthoughts,forquietperiodsofreflectioncanleadtopersonalimprovement.(P39)當走在“人生的道路”上時，我們有時希望獨自思考，因為靜思可以實現(xiàn)自我提升。[詞語辨析]as表示“當……時；隨著”，側(cè)重指從句與主句的動作同時進行，謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性動詞，也可以是短暫性動詞。AswesooncometolearnfromAI

by

Design,AIisalreadysuper-smartandwillbecomemorecapable,movingfromthecurrentgenerationof“narrow-AI”toArtificialGeneralIntelligence.(2024·全國新課標Ⅱ卷)隨著我們很快從AI

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Design中學習，人工智能已經(jīng)是超級智能的，并且將變得更加強大，從當前一代的“窄域人工智能”轉(zhuǎn)向通用人工智能。when表示“當……時”，所引導(dǎo)的從句中的謂語動詞既可以是延續(xù)性動詞，也可以是短暫性動詞；謂語動詞的動作可以與主句謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生，也可以是之前或之后發(fā)生。Jack,howdidyougettoschoolwhenyouwereinprimaryschool?(2024·全國新課標Ⅰ卷)杰克，你上小學的時候怎么去上學?while表示“當……時；和……同時”，所引導(dǎo)的從句中的謂語動詞應(yīng)為延續(xù)性動詞，不用短暫性動詞，謂語動作發(fā)生的時間通常與主句謂語動詞動作發(fā)生時間相同。Hediscoveredthathecouldearnsomemoneywhiledoingsomethinghereallyenjoyed.他發(fā)現(xiàn)，他可以在做一些他真正喜歡的事情的同時賺一些錢。狀語從句中可省略與主句相同的“主語＋be動詞”，還可省略“it＋be動詞”。提示?

單句語法填空/完成句子①Hebecameinterestedinalternativetreatments20yearsago______________hesufferedfromterriblebackpain.(2024·全國新課標Ⅰ卷)②______________Iwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.③______________Iwasateenager,aneighbourhoodfriendwonamarathonrace.(2024·全國新課標Ⅰ卷)④______________timewentby,hegraduallyrecoveredfromtheillness.⑤Andarelisteningtoandviewingcontentaseffectiveasreadingthewrittenword_____________________________(當涉及相同的材料時)?(2024·全國新課標Ⅰ卷)when/asWhen/As/WhileWhen/AsAswhencoveringthesamematerial素養(yǎng)挑戰(zhàn)Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2024·全國新課標Ⅰ卷)IntheracetodocumentthespeciesonEarthbeforetheygoextinct,researchersandcitizenscientistshavecollectedbillionsofrecords.Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheformofphotos,videos,andotherdigitalrecords.Thoughtheyareusefulfordetectingshiftsinthenumberandvarietyofspeciesinanarea,anewStanfordstudyhasfoundthatthistypeofrecordisnotperfect.“Withtheriseoftechnologyitiseasyforpeopletomakeobservationsofdifferentspecieswiththeaidofamobileapplication,”saidBarnabasDaru,whoisleadauthorofthestudyandassistantprofessorofbiologyintheStanfordSchoolofHumanitiesandSciences.“Theseobservationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomesfromphysicalspecimens(標本),andsinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigatehowspeciesarerespondingtoglobalchange,Iwantedtoknow:Aretheyusable?”Usingaglobaldatasetof1.9billionrecordsofplants,insects,birds,andanimals,Daruandhisteamtestedhowwellthesedatarepresentactualglobalbiodiversitypatterns.“Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias(使有偏差)data,likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrassrightnexttoit,”saidDaru.Theirstudyrevealedthatthelargenumberofobservation-onlyrecordsdidnotleadtobetterglobalcoverage.Moreover,thesedataarebiasedandfavorcertainregions,timeperiods,andspecies.Thismakessensebecausethepeoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobiledevicesareoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheirencounterswithspeciesinareasnearby.Thesedataarealsobiasedtowardcertainspecieswithattractiveoreye-catchingfeatures.Whatcanwedowiththeimperfectdatasetsofbiodiversity?“Quitealot，”Daruexplained.“Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusersofoversampledareasandleadthemtoplaces—andevenspecies—thatarenotwell-sampled.Toimprovethequalityofobservationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpertconfirmtheidentificationoftheiruploadedimage.”1.Whatdoweknowabouttherecordsofspeciescollectednow?A.Theyarebecomingoutdated.B.Theyaremostlyinelectronicform.C.Theyarelimitedinnumber.D.Theyareusedforpublicexhibition.2.WhatdoesDaru'sstudyfocuson?A.Threatenedspecies. B.Physicalspecimens.C.Observationaldata. D.Mobileapplications.3.Whathasledtothebiasesaccordingtothestudy?A.Mistakesindataanalysis.B.Poorqualityofuploadedpictures.C.Improperwayofsampling.D.Unreliabledatacollectiondevices.4.WhatisDaru'ssuggestionforbiodiversityapps?A.Reviewdatafromcertainareas.B.Hireexpertstochecktherecords.C.Confirmtheidentityoftheusers.D.Giveguidancetocitizenscientists.答案及解析：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了斯坦福大學的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，數(shù)字生物多樣性記錄存在偏差，建議應(yīng)用程序引導(dǎo)公民科學家獲取更好的數(shù)據(jù)。1.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheformofphotos,videos,andotherdigitalrecords.”可知，現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)生物多樣性的記錄都是以照片、視頻和其他電子形式存在的。2.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Theseobservationsnowoutnumber…Aretheyusable?”和第三段可知，Daru的研究重點是這些數(shù)據(jù)在多大程度上代表了實際的全球生物多樣性。所以他的研究聚焦的是“觀察數(shù)據(jù)”。3.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“…likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientist…rightnexttoit”和第五段可知，收集生物采樣數(shù)據(jù)的人，對于采樣區(qū)域、采樣時段以及采樣物種的選擇有一定的主觀性，這些不當?shù)牟蓸臃绞綍?dǎo)致收集到的數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)生偏差。4.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，Daru認為生物多樣性應(yīng)用程序可以根據(jù)研究結(jié)果引導(dǎo)采樣人員關(guān)注樣本采集不足的地區(qū)和物種，鼓勵他們讓專家確認上傳樣本圖片中的物種名稱。因此，Daru建議生物多樣性應(yīng)用程序給采樣人員提供一些指導(dǎo)意見?！罢f明文”答題技能第一步細讀文章重點：關(guān)注文章結(jié)構(gòu)；文章主題句；各段首末句；體現(xiàn)作者觀點態(tài)度的詞句。第二步明確說明對象：通讀全文，明確作者是針對哪一個說明對象從不同的角度和側(cè)面對其加以說明的。在閱讀過程中要概括、總結(jié)每一段說明的側(cè)重點，理清各段之間的邏輯聯(lián)系，加深對說明對象的理解。第三步弄清說明順序：在說明的過程中作者會選擇合理的說明順序?qū)φf明對象進行有條不紊的解說。把握了說明順序，就能準確把握文章的脈絡(luò)，加深對整篇文章的理解?！罢f明文”答題技能第四步把握作者態(tài)度：